Developing successful strategies for working effectively in teams using qda software
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Transcript of Developing successful strategies for working effectively in teams using qda software
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Developing successful strategies for working effectively in teams using QDA software
Brainstorming Workshop
25 February
1:45pm to 3:15pm
Dr. David Kirkham
CAQRA 2011 Macau
� Key objective is to brainstorm in groups to derive good practices for working effectively in teams, given a large qualitative research project
� Secondary objective is to brainstorm the potential effects of team dynamics upon the project� “researchers ought to take a more direct approach to the study of issues
in group dynamics” (Wasser & Bresler, 1996)
� Four areas for discussion� Project planning
� Data collection
� Data analysis
� Writing up and reporting results
� Five groups to address the given tasks and questions
� Share the results in a 3 minute presentation
Team working with CAQDAS
Brainstorming Workshop
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Timings
20
40
20
10
Brief
Brainstorm
Present
Conclude
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Group Tasks
�Project planning (Group 1/2)� Define criteria for deciding on a software
package to support the analysis � How to communicate effectively while working in
teams
�Data collection � How to organize and conduct data collection in
team projects. How to set up the team project using CAQDAS .
�Data collection and analysis (Group 3/5)� Special considerations for teams when working
with multimedia data
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Group Tasks
� Data analysis (Group 4) � How to develop a common coding system when working in
teams
� Assessing the issue of inter-rater reliability:
� For which purpose and aim should it be used?
� How to organize the team work so that IRR can be assessed and in what way
� Writing up and reporting (Group 3/5) � How to organise the process of writing up the results of the
analysis and putting together a report
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Some Thoughts on Teams
Dynamics, threats and opportunities
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Characteristics
� What defines a group as a team is the requirement for interaction � “The crux of teamwork is for the team members to use a
collection of processes, strategies, and actions that allow them to effectively and efficiently perform” (Stout et al., 1997: 169)
� A team is a group which has a common goal, the pursuit of which needs collaboration and coordination, but there needs to be regular and frequent interaction, a team identity, and the right combinations of skills, knowledge, perspectives and interests (Kakabadse et al., 1988)
� “This is the power of the team mind: to create new and unexpected solutions, options and interpretations, drawing on the experience of all the team members to generate products that are beyond the capabilities of any of the individuals” (Klein, 1998: 245)
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Dialectic of collaborative research
�“uniquely innovative ideas are synthesized and fresh insights into the world emerge”
�“conflict and frustration result from clash of wills, competing ideologies and imperfect theoretical frameworks”
�“the challenge is for the teams to stay together long enough for the team to grow”
(Tripp-Reimer, et al., 1997)
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Team development
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Team membership
�Homogeneity? � “Living in a shared culture will provide us a basis
of common referents” (Klein, 1998: 218)
� Recruiting in one’s own image
� Using traits which indicated introvert/extrovert and stable/anxious, Belbin found that a team composed chiefly of stable extroverts performed better overall
�Heterogeneity?� An heterogeneous group is more likely to
question members’ judgements and is likely to be more creative (King, 2002)
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Belbin’s Work
� Many years of behaviour analysis and personality tests� People observed working in groups
� Categories of behaviour used was recorded
� People don’t use all categories equally
� Behaviour falls into limited number of roles
� Preferred roles linked to:� Reasoning ability
� Personality characteristics
� Personal values
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Role +ve features -ve features
Plant Creative, imaginative, unorthodox, solves difficult problems
Poor managing people and in communication
Resource investigator
Extravert, enthusiastic, communicative, explores opportunities, develops contacts
Loses interest once initial enthusiasm has passed
Coordinator Mature, confident, trusting, good chair, clarifies goals, promotes decision-making
Not the most clever or creative member
Shaper Dynamic, outgoing, highly strung, challenges, pressurises, finds ways round obstacles
Prone to provocation and short-lived burst of temper
Monitor-evaluator
Sober, strategic, discerning, sees all options, judges accurately
Lacks drive and ability to inspire others
Team worker Social, mild, perceptive, listens, accommodates, builds, stops friction
Indecisive in crunch situations
Implementer Disciplined, reliable, conservative, efficient, ideas > practical actions
Inflexible, slow response to new ideas
Completer Painstaking, conscientious, anxious, search out E&O, delivers on time
Worries unduly, reluctant to delegate
Specialist Single-minded, self-starting, dedicated, provide K or special skills
Contributes on a narrow front
Belbin Team Roles
5.7 6.3
3.7
5
5.3 8.3
8.7
9.7
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
Shaper
Plant
Resource Investigator
Specialist
CoordinatorMonitor-Evaluator
Implementer
Completer
Team Worker
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Successful Teams
� Not the best people to produce the best team� All striving, ambitious, high-fliers rarely get beyond
‘storming’ stage� Trying to establish dominance� Getting own ideas accepted
� A team of prima donnas – the think-tank approach –regularly failed in Belbin’s experiments
� Effective team made up of range of people with a variety of roles
� Teams have to come from who is available
� Encourage people to take on a variety of roles and be more flexible� Identify which roles the team lacks and take one of them
on
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Virtual Team Working
Individual research
activities
CAQRA 2011 Macau
The Information Hub
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Actions
� Form five groups
� Assign each group a topic
� Each group nominates one person who will present the outcome of the discussion in 3 minutes
� Group specification:� 4 or more researchers (peers rather than RAs)� Same department: same institution: same country:
different institutions in different countries
� Presentation of results and discussion with the other groups at 3:05pm
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Results - Q1 + Q2
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Results
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Results
CAQRA 2011 Macau
Presented at the Asia-Pacific conference on
Computer-Aided Qualitative Research
24 & 25 Feb 2011, Macau SAR
For more information about our upcoming conferences
Please visit: http://www.merlien.org