Developing Research in Dental Education
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Transcript of Developing Research in Dental Education
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Developing ResearchDeveloping Research in Dental Educationin Dental Education
Nikos MattheosCentre for Educational Research and Technology in Oral HealthMalmö University
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Developing ResearchDeveloping Research in Dental Educationin Dental EducationDentistryDentistryEducationEducation
ResearchResearch
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Research Research is about is about
decision makingdecision making
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Research is the critical factor to point the directionResearch is the critical factor to point the direction
learninlearningg assessmentassessment
administrationadministration
planningplanning
teachinteachingg
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
The role of universities The role of universities in the Europe of knowledge: in the Europe of knowledge:
source: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11067.htmsource: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11067.htm
- Emergence of new expectations:“Universities must cater for new needs in education and training which stem from the knowledge based economy and society”.”.
- Reorganisation of knowledge: “move beyond traditional teaching strategies and educational systems”
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Well informed decisions Well informed decisions Evidence Based DentistryEvidence Based Dentistry
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
“ doceo - docui – doctum” to instruct, to teach
teacherteacherdoctodoctorr
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Educational Research:Educational Research:
- Not enough data?- Not enough data? - Not valid enough ?- Not valid enough ?
AttitudesAttitudes - Not enough emphasis on education?- Not enough emphasis on education?- Learning is …different ?- Learning is …different ?
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
- Eur J Dent Educ - J Dent Educ
- Med Educ - Acad Med - Med Teach - Teach Learn Med
- ... .. .
- IADR, Educational Division - FDI, Educators programme
- ADEE - Dented, Dented Evolves
Educational Research:Educational Research:Not enough data?Not enough data?
JournalJournalss
ForaFora
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
” [...] Much of the educational research does not make a serious contribution to fundamental theory or knowledge, is irrelevant to practice, is uncoordinated with any preceding and follow up researh”
[...] Lines of research are abandoned when there is a change in fashion rather than because problems have been solved”.
source: Teaching as a Research Based Profession, Hargreaves D., (lecture at TTA) source: Teaching as a Research Based Profession, Hargreaves D., (lecture at TTA) UK, 1996 UK, 1996
Educational Research:Educational Research:
Not good enough ?Not good enough ?
Prof. D. Hargreaves, 1996: Prof. D. Hargreaves, 1996:
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Educational Research:Educational Research:
Not good enough ?Not good enough ?
” [...] Finally, there were no examples of replication of research found. There were only rare examples of critical challenges to earlier work. The picture emerged of researchers doing their research largely in a vacuum, unnoticed and unheeded [...]”.
”[...] The problem is not the quality of educational research, but its isolation”.
source: Educational Research, a critique. Tooley J, Darby D. OFSTED 1998, UK. source: Educational Research, a critique. Tooley J, Darby D. OFSTED 1998, UK.
Tooley and Darby, 1998: Tooley and Darby, 1998:
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheossource: Teaching as a Research Based Profession, Hargreaves D., (lecture at TTA) source: Teaching as a Research Based Profession, Hargreaves D., (lecture at TTA) UK, 1996 UK, 1996
- less cummulative, less coordinated
- carried out by non-practicioners
- affected by ”fashions”
- contributes little to practice
Educational Research:Educational Research:
Not good enough ?Not good enough ?
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Research on Research on Dental Dental Education: Education:
- weaker meta-research- weaker meta-research
- lower interrelation - fewer collaboration - ”uncalibrated” efforts
--
Educational Research:Educational Research:
Not good enough ?Not good enough ?
- pragmatic, practice relevant - carried out by practicioners
++
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
meta-research: meta-research: - systematic reviews - research evaluation consortia- best practices - guidelines
Educational Research:Educational Research:
Not good enough ?Not good enough ?
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Educational Research:Educational Research:
Not good enough ?Not good enough ?
meta-research difficulties: meta-research difficulties: - low interrelation makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions
-much of the meta-research is conducted by individual, appointed researchers.
”Not Invented Here” syndrome.
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Educational Research:Educational Research: Learning is …different ?Learning is …different ?
……science of science of healinghealing
……art of teachingart of teaching
well studied well studied doctordoctor
charismatic teachercharismatic teacher
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Learning is also a Learning is also a biologicalbiological process !!! process !!!
Educational Research:Educational Research: Learning is …different ?Learning is …different ?
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
”There is a reason for everything”.
Chris Levi, Caribbean poet
...”If you can’t find a reason for something, there is a reason for that”.
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Learning - Learning - InflammationInflammation- resources- resources- callibration- callibration- collaboration- collaboration- organisation - organisation of knowledgeof knowledge
Learning as a Learning as a biological biological process process
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Human genome Human genome project:project:
identifying 30.000 genes in human DNA- 1990 - 2005
- many international multidisciplinary centres - thousands involved- goal oriented callibration- loose coordination
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
“We know much more on how to improve diapers, than how to improve the use of our brain”.
Marc Prensky, American researcher
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
- active collaboration - active collaboration - greater interrelation- greater interrelation- emphasis on meta research- emphasis on meta research- wider dissemination- wider dissemination
Developing Strategies Developing Strategies in Dental Educationin Dental Education
Keywords: Keywords:
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
- scholarship of discovery scholarship of discovery - scholarship of integrationscholarship of integration- scholarship of application scholarship of application - scholarship of teachingscholarship of teaching
” [...] What we urgently need today is a more inclusive view of what it means to be a scholar – a recognition that knowledge is aquired through research, synthesis, practice and teaching”.
Ernest Boyer, 1997: Ernest Boyer, 1997:
source: source: Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. EL Boyer. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement for Teaching, 1997.
Developing Strategies Developing Strategies in Dental Educationin Dental Education
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Larger emphasis in the Larger emphasis in the scholarship of teachingscholarship of teaching
- pedagogic merit for academic development
- comprehension of educational research as part of any academic degree
- wider dissemination and use of educational research within academics
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
from researchfrom research projectproject
to to researchresearch environmentenvironment
movmovee
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
researchresearch project group: project group:
- incidental character- often based on personal enthusiasm- involvement lives as long as the project- gained precious experience is lost
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
researchresearch environment: environment:
- standing, long term structures- different roles and different levels of involvement- access to different expertise - strategic planning, executing research- interpretation of results into practice within the environment, consultation
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
……Virtual researchVirtual research environment environment
MEDCAL
MalmMalmöö
LundLund
Notre Notre DameDame
HärnosanHärnosandd
MilanMilanoo
BernBern
- PhD students- supervisors- researchers - expertise: education behavioural science IT & programming
- 2 MSc Thesis- 2 dissertations- 20 publications- 4 major funded projects
CopenhageCopenhagenn
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
C E X !C E X !
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
CCentre of entre of ExExcellence:cellence:
Institution or network which can document within a specific field :
- extraordinary competence- long term engagement - potential significant contribution towards future developments
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
CCentres of entres of ExExcellence:cellence:
Increasing Universities’ excellence in research and teaching:
”This communication calls on European universities to identify the areas in which different universities have attained, or can reasonably be expected to attain, the excellence judged to be essential at European or International level, in order to concertrate in order to concertrate funding on themfunding on them to support academic research”.
source: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11067.htmsource: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11067.htm
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Centres for Excellence in teaching and learning: - invitation to bid for funds. January 2004
- 315 million £ for 5 years315 million £ for 5 years- approximattely 70 Cexapproximattely 70 Cex- collaborative Cex encouragedcollaborative Cex encouraged
source: http://hefce.ac.uk source: http://hefce.ac.uk
Higher Education Funding Council for EnglandHigher Education Funding Council for England
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
The research NetworkThe research Network
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
The ConsortiumThe Consortium- strategic planningstrategic planning- meta research – disseminationmeta research – dissemination- guidelines - best practicesguidelines - best practices
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
tentative academic stafftentative academic staff
research environmentresearch environment
research networkresearch network
consortiumconsortium
- good comprehension of educational researh- some participationin relevant projects
- planning collaborations- project coordination- sharing expertise
- planning and execution of original researh projects-training of researchers-interpretation of research results to the local needs, consultation
- strategic planning- prioritising areas of interest- meta research- guidelines, best practices
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
teacherteacher
learner
learner
assessment
assessment? ? ? ?
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
Research in Research in
Dental Education is …Dental Education is …
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
… … a necessitya necessity
Halton Getty, 1960Halton Getty, 1960
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
……of large potentialof large potential
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
……CredibleCredible
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
……absolutely absolutely compatiblecompatible
with clinical dentistrywith clinical dentistry
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September 2004 ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos
……ExcitingExciting
...a few cm ...a few cm north of the mouth! north of the mouth!