Developing rapid tools for characterising biochar carbon stability Regional Meeting...
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Developing rapid tools for characterising biochar carbon stability Steve Kimber, Andy Cross, Steve Morris, Stephen Joseph, Saran Sohi, Lukas Van Zwieten
Transcript of Developing rapid tools for characterising biochar carbon stability Regional Meeting...
Developing rapid tools for
characterising biochar carbon
stability
Steve Kimber,
Andy Cross, Steve Morris, Stephen Joseph, Saran Sohi, Lukas Van Zwieten
Acknowledgements
� NSW DPI– Scott Petty
– Elspeth Berger
– Josh Rust
– Nichole Murray
– Greg Smith
� Pacific Pyrolysis– Adriana Downie
� Frontier Laboratories– Dr. Chuichi Watanabe
– Akihiko Hosaka
– Mr Shiro
� CSIRO– Dr Evelyn Krull
Benefits of biochar ?
� Long term carbon sequestration
– Biochar carbon essentially “inert”
� Possibility of “priming” for loss of native soil carbon
– Reduction in or negation of benefit
� Agronomic benefit
– Changes in soil chemistry and biology
Biochars used in this study� Green waste biochar #
– 350°C
– 450°C
– 550°C
� Chicken manure*– 450°C
– 550°C
� Oil mallee *– 450°C
– 550°C
� Wheat chaff *– 450°C
– 550°C
# Biochars courtesy of Pacific Pyrolysis
* Biochars courtesy of DAFF National biochar
project
350 400 450 500 550
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
450 500 550
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
OM 450 OM 550
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
WC 450 WC 550
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
Green wastePoultry litter
Wheat chaff
Oil mallee
� Dry and grind biochar (105°C, 0.5mm)
� Incubate
– Sterile quartz sand
– Microbial inoculant and micronutrients
– 65% water holding capacity
– 30°C for 14 days
� Trap and measure CO2 on soda lime
Cross, A and Sohi, S (2011) The priming potential of biochar products in relation to labile carbon contents and soil organic matter status. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 10, 2127-2134.
Sample preparation; labile vs stable
carbon incubation (UK Biochar centre)
Labile carbon content of biochars
GW 350
GW 450
GW 550
CM 450
CM 550
OM 450
OM 550
WC 450
WC 550
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2L
ab
ile
ca
rbo
n %
Green waste Poultry litter Oil Mallee Wheat chaff
Our capabilities and approach
� EGA / MS
� Thermal desorption / cryofocussing / GC-MS
� Pyrolysis / cryofocussing / GC-MS
Pyrolyser – GC-MS
Frontier Laboratories’ 2020iD multi-function
pyrolyzer
Sample preparation; Py-GC-MS
� Mix
� Sub-sample
� Freeze dry
� Grind
� Sub-sample
� 3mg sample of biochar analysed
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
Green Waste biochar 350
Green Waste biochar 450
Green Waste biochar 550
Re
lative
re
sp
on
se
EGA Temperature (C)
Labile carbon content of biochars
(Incubation)
GW 350
GW 450
GW 550
CM 450
CM 550
OM 450
OM 550
WC 450
WC 550
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2L
ab
ile
ca
rbo
n %
Green waste Poultry litter Oil Mallee Wheat chaff
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Chicken Manure 450
Chicken Manure 550
Rela
tive
re
sp
on
se
EGA Temperature
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Oil Mallee 450
Oil Mallee 550
Rela
tive r
esp
on
se
EGA Temperature (C)
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Wheat Chaff biochar 450
Wheat Chaff biochar 550
Re
lative
resp
on
se
EGA Temperature (C)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
GW 350
GW 450GW 550
EG
A r
esp
on
se
Incubation Labile Carbon %
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
CM 450
CM 550EG
A r
esp
on
se
Incubation Labile Carbon %
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
OM 450
OM 550
EG
A r
esp
on
se
Incubation Labile Carbon %
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
WC 450
WC 550E
GA
re
sp
on
se
Incubation Labile Carbon %
Labile C (incubation) vs Total response; EGA
Green wastePoultry litter
Oil Mallee Wheat chaff
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 1.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 3.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 5.D
Green waste; Thermal desorption
350
450
550
Chicken litter; Thermal desorption
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 7.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 9.D
450
550
Oil Mallee; Thermal desorption
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 11.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 13.D
450
550
Wheat Chaff; Thermal desorption
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 15.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 17.D
450
550
Labile C vs Total response; Thermal desorption
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
350
450550
Th
erm
al d
eso
rpti
on
res
po
ns
e
Incubation Labile Carbon %
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
450550
Th
erm
al d
eso
rpti
on
res
po
ns
e
Incubation Labile Carbon %
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
450
550
Th
erm
al d
eso
rpti
on
res
po
ns
e
Incubation Labile Carbon %
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
450
550
Th
erm
al d
eso
rpti
on
res
po
ns
e
Incubation Labile Carbon %
Green waste Poultry litter
Oil Mallee Wheat chaff
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 2.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 4.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 6.D
Green waste; Pyrolysis
450
550
350
Chicken litter; Pyrolysis
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 8.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 10.D
450
550
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 12.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 14.D
Oil mallee; Pyrolysis
450
550
Wheat chaff; Pyrolysis
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 16.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 18.D
450
550
