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Developing Digital Student Leaders - A Mixed Methods Study of Student Leadership, Identity and Decision Making on Social Media
Josie Ahlquist
California Lutheran University
Dissertation Proposal Defense
April 15th 2014
Developing Digital Student LeadersA mixed methods study of student leadership, identity and decision making on social media
Identity: Laboratory of exploration
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College Student Leaders
High Users
+/- Impact of Social Media Use
Student Identity Development
Current Leadership Theories
Little or no education on digital technologies
Privacy in Digital Global Environment
Career Bound
Purpose of the Study
Experiences of student leaders use of social media.
Meaning made of digital technologies in their college experience.
Explore identity meaning making, digital decisions and online leadership behavior.
Provide evidence and direction in what works in developing digital student leaders, both for student affairs administrators, leadership educators, as well as student leaders themselves.
What role does social media play in the identity and experiences of college student leaders?
What patterns of behavior exist for social media activity of college student leaders in how leadership, identity and decision-making are portrayed online?
Do the self-reported experiences of college student leaders represent their actual behavior as documented on social media?
What is a #DigitalStudentLeader ?Research Questions
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State of Social Media Use by Teens & Young Adults
90-99% of college students use
At minimum 30 minutes per day (Pempek, Yermolayeva & Calvert, 2009), and climbing up to two hours (Junco, 2012)
Differences between men & women usage (Ahn, 2011)
Average 300 Facebook friends (Mangao, Taylor & Greenfield, 2012)
Freshman more active than seniors
Using self-presentation/performance tools (Chen & Marcus, 2012; Birnbaum, 2013)
On most social media platforms, teens and college-aged users are #1 active participants
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Josie Ahlquist (JA) - Add citations
Positive
Negative
(+) Expressing true self
(+) Building social capital
(+) Increased self-esteem
(+) Transition to college
(+) Academic success
(+) Student engagement
(+) Campus involvement
(-) Increased stress
(-) Study disruptions
(-) Grade attainment
(-) Class attentiveness
(-) Cyberbullying
(-) Internet addiction
(-) Poor digital decisions
Literature Review: Impact of Social Media
(DeAndra et al., 2012), (Ellison, Steinfield & Lampe, 2007), (Junco, Elavsky & Heiberger, 2012), (Gray, Vitak, Easton & Ellison, 2013) (Gonales & Hancock, 2011) & (Pempek et al., 2009)
(Adams & Lawrence, 2011), (Gemmill & Peterson, 2006), (Jacobsen & Forste, 2011), (Kim & Davis, 2002), (Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010) (Lifer et al., 2010)& (Yang & Brown, 2013)
Literature Review: Digital Realities
Literacies (Ng, 2012)
Identity (Goode, 2010)
Citizenship (Greenhow & Robelia, 2009)
Leadership (Lewis & Rush, 2013)
Digital
Theory + Practice = Digital & Leadership Research Framework
Josie Ahlquist (JA) - Re-Image Design
Relational Leadership
Digital Citizenship
Identity Development
Social Change Model
Student Development Theory
Digital Literacies
Digital Leadership
Congruency
In-Person & Online
(Social Change Model)
Safely & Strategically Exploring Identity Digitally
Collaborative Partners (Relational Leadership)
Social Media Social Change Agents
Developing Digital Leadership Competencies
Mixed Methods Research
Sequential Exploratory Design
Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011
Tashakkori & Teddlie 1998; 2009
Sequenced Phases
QUAL + QUAN
Pragmatic Worldview
Tells Complete Student Leader Social Media Story
Green, Caracelli and Graham (1989) five purposes of Mixed Methods
triangulation,
complementary (examining phenomenon)
initiation (discovering perspectives),
development (sequential methods from one to the next)
expansion (adding scope)
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Triangulation
Complementary
Initiation
Development
Expansion
Research Participants
Two Southern California universities
30 Student Leaders
Purposeful & Theoretical Sampling
Requirements
Juniors & Seniors
One year in leadership-related role
Good standing in position
On at least two social media platforms
Same 30 Participants = Focus Groups + Survey Research + Digital Social Media Analysis
Student Leader is defined as a college student whom is involved in a traditional student leader role for which they were selected, nominated, hired or elected.
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Phase I
Qualitative Collection of Focus Groups
Qualitative Analysis
Survey
Phase II
Qualitative Collection of Social Media
Grounded Theory Analysis
Development of Rubric
Quantitative Analysis
Phase III
Mixed Methods Analysis
Focus Groups
+
Rubric
+
Survey
Phase I: Focus Groups & Survey Research
Nominations from Student Affairs Administrators from two Southern California universities
4-6 Focus Groups: 90 Minutes
At minimum 30 participants
Social Media Usage and Self Assessment Survey to capture activity and self reported data
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Student Nominations
Focus Groups
Social Media Usage & Self Assessment Survey
Qualitative Analysis
Phase II: Rubric Development & Social Media Activity
Quantizing Data
Defined by Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009) as the process of converting qualitative data into numbers that can be statistically analyzed (p. 27).
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10-20% of Social Media Activity
Qualitative Grounded Theory Analysis
Social Media Rubric
Develop Instrument
Quantitize Social Media Activity
Quantitative Analysis
Social Media Rubric
Focus Group Analysis
Social Media Survey
Grounded Theory Analysis
Student Development Theory
Digital Citizenship & Literacies
Leadership Theory (Social Change Model)
Phase III: Social Media Analysis
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Phase III Analysis
Phase I Results
Phase II Results
Graphic or matrix displays are a way of getting the trees located in the forest in such a way as to see not only what the forest looks like, but also how it would look like if the trees were moved around
Huberman & Miles (1989, p. 286)
Cross-Site Analysis
Within Study
Explore how college student leaders use social media
Define college student digital leadership through self reported and actual behavior
Discover how identity is played out on social media for student leaders
Use student experience to teach new/future college students about social media
Integration of social media as positive devices in student leadership practices
Development of student leader competencies for leadership programs
Long Term
Implications
Follow My Research Process
@JosieAhlquist
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