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Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
DevelopingA,ract-and-killStrategiesToManageSpo,edWingDrosophila,
DrosophilaSuzukiiMatsumara,InRaspberry.
!Male!Spotted Wing Drosophila!
Female!
PeterJentschExtensionAssociate
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
QuesGonsandObjecGves
• Whatcomponentsoffereffec/veolfactory,visualandsensory
percep/onfora8rac/on?
• Canweconstructanlonglas/ng,economicillyviableA8ractandKillsta/ontoreduceSWDpopula/onsleadingtoreducedfruitinjury?
• CanA8ractandKill(AtK)Technologiesworkwellaloneordotheyrequirethecombina/onofothermanagementstrategiestoreducepes/cideloadinginsmallfruitproduc/onsystems?
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDSpreadfrom2008–2013intheUS
• Italy2009• Russia2009• Spain2009• France2010
Hawaii1980
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDinNewEngland-2016
FirstNYdetec/on2011inNYMid-SeptemberOrganicRaspberryRensselaer&SuffolkCoun/es
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDinNewYork-2016
Monitoredin25Coun/esinNYS
FirstStateCaptureJune21,2016WayneCounty,NY
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SuccessofSWDinSmallFruit
Occupiesarela/velynon-compe//veniche• Abletopenetrateand
ovipositintoun-ripenedfruitusingahighlysclera/nized&serratedovipositor.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
InvasiveInsectsSmallFruitProduc/on
• Op/maldevelopmentisat65-70oF,~12daygenera/on/me.
• Adultflieslivefor3-6weeks,andfemalescanlayover300eggs.
• Limitedbyhighheatinsummerandbywintercold.But,SWDpopula/onsarefoundincoldregionsofJapan.
• 3-10genera/onsinNY
ReproducGveSuccessofSWDinSmallFruit
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
FruitAffectedbySWD
HighestriskStrawberriesRaspberriesCherries(Latevar,)NectarinesBlueberriesBlackberries
Moderaterisk
PeachesGrapesPearsApplesTomato
AlternatehostsWildplantswithberries,
suchas…TartarianHoneysuckleSnowberryElderberryPokeweedDogwood
• HoneysuckleisaprimaryhostforSWD;L.tartaricafruitfavoredoverraspberryinJune-August.
MonitoringL.tartarica
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDAlternateHost:Popula/onDevelopmentintheHV
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SamplingandMonitoringProtocols
MonitoringWeeklytrapcaptures,4trapspersiteincludingTartarianHoneysuckleL.tartaricaExtensionOutreach:EDDMapsSamplingWeekly25fruitfromeachof4plantclusters(10')WeighandassessfruitforSWDeggs(expressedaseggs/gram)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
MonitoringSWDUsingACVon6FarmsintheHudsonValleyEastern,NY-2012
FruitMonitoring&Injury
• SWDoviposi/onmayprecedesadulttrapcapturesinproduc/onsystems.
• Newertrapshaveincreasedsensi/vitytoadultpresence
• Conven/onalandorganic
produc/onsystemscontainraspberryfruitwithSWDeggs&larva.
SWD Control in Mixed Small Fruit; Orange Co. 2012
Date Material Rate Commodity 27 June Malathion 57 2 pts./A Raspberry 1 July Assail 30SG 5 oz./A Raspberry 5 July Malathion 57 2 pts./A Raspberry 12 July Delegate 25WDG 3 oz./A Raspberry 14 July Brigade 8 oz./A Raspberry 19 July Assail 30SG 5 oz./A Raspberry 22 July Danitol 16 oz./A Raspberry 27 July Mustang Max 4 oz./A Raspberry 30 July Assail 30SG 5 oz./A Raspberry
6.31” Rainfall; 6 day application interval 5 August Delegate 25WDG 3 oz./A Raspberry 19 August Brigade 8 oz./A Raspberry
Managing Insecticide Resistance: Raspberry
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
0
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Eggs
/Lar
vae
per G
ram
Orange County Fruit Infestation- 2013
Raspberry
Blackberry
House Blackberries
Blueberries
Cherry
Strawberry
Raspberry Management
6.31” Rainfall
Managing Insecticide Resistance: Raspberry
TracyLeskey(USDA-ARS)DevelopingaBehaviorallyBasedA8ractandKillSystemforSWD
• Colorimportant;blackandredrou/nelyoutperformedothercolors.
• Asphericalshape:sizegreaterthan2.5cmacceptable.
• BaitsenhanceSWDcapture
• SWDinfestaGoninraspberriesreducedby50%whenspherewithsugarandbaitincagedstudies.Sprayedfruit+AtKincombinaGonmosteffecGveinmanagingSWDcomparedtoeitheraloneunderhighpressure.
CesarRodriguez-Saona,RutgersStateU.OfN.J.,RichardCowlesUniv.Conn.BaitcomparisonsofSWDinblueberry
• SuzukiiandTrecebaitsveryeffecGveatcapturingSWDwithTreceandapplecidervinegarcapturinghighernumbersofnon-SWDflies.
Cowles,R.S.,C.Rodriguez-Saona,R.Holdcral,G.M.Loeb,J.E.Elsensohn,andS.P.Hesler.2015.SucroseimprovesinsecGcideacGvityagainstDrosophilasuzukii(Diptera:Drosophilidae).J.Econ.Entomol.1–14.DOI:10.1093/jee/tou100.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AtKBasedLiteratureEasternUS
AlanLKnight,EstebanBasoalto,WeeYee.AddingYeastswithSugartoIncreasetheNumberofEffec/veInsec/cideClassestoManageDrosophilasuzukii(Matsumura)(Diptera:Drosophilidae)inCherryPestManagementScience·October2015AlanLKnight,EstebanBasoalto,WeeYee.Developinganewbaitforspo8ed-wingdrosophilainorganiccherryproduc/onActahor/culturae1001(1001):147-152·July2013Increaseda,racGvenessofbaitusingbreadyeast,Saccharomycescerevisiae• Exceedsthea,racGvenessofcommercialproductsGF-120®andNu-Lure®,• AddiGonofthesugar-yeastbaittoEntrustincreasedflymortality4-foldin
early-seasonbioassayswithgreenandyellowcherries,reducingeggslaidandlarvalinfestaGonsby50%
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
AtKBasedLiteratureWesternUS
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDAdultPreferenceBinaryChoiceTestsMean#AtKComponentA,racGveness
25%RedRaspberryConcentrate75%AppleCiderVinegarBrewersyeast:Saccharomycescerevisiae
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Methods:DevelopmentofA8ractandKillforManagementofSWDinSmallFruit
AtKConstruc/on
• 3”substratewovenpolypropylenenerngasabase
• SuperAbsorbentPolymer(SAP)
• Gela/n• Redraspberryconcentrate• Applecidervinegar• Brewersyeast• 1%A.I.• AtKsolu/onappliedat2mL/disk
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Methods:DevelopmentofA8ractandKillforManagementofSWDinSmallFruit
InsecticideProduct ActiveIngredient(IRACGroup)
Malathion5EC malathion(IRAC1B)Imidan70W phosmetIRAC1B)
Assail30SG acetamiprid(IRAC4A)Scorpion35SL dinotefuran(IRAC4A)
BrigadeEC bifenthrin(IRAC3A)MutangMax zeta-cypermethrin(IRAC3A)PyganicEC1.4 pyrethrin(IRAC3A)
TripleCrown bifenthrin,imidacloprid,zeta-cypermethrin(IRAC3A,4A)
DelegateWG spinetoram(IRAC5)EntrustSC spinosad(IRAC5)
Exirel cyazypyr(IRAC28)
BotaniGard;Mycotrol BeauveriabassianastrainGHABalEnce BeauveriabassianaDiptera-specificstrain(HF23
BoricAcid 99%BoricAcidHotShotMaxattraxRoachPowder 99%BoricAcidformulated
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
A8ractandKillSta/onEfficacyLabCagedStudies(25SWD48h75F75%rH14/10LD)
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AdultM
ortality
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99%Borax HotShotMaxatrax(99%BoricAcid)
EntrustSC UTCDisk UTC
Eggs/GramR
aspb
erry
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
A8ractandKillSta/onRechargeEfficacy
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UTC Dry Wet
SWDEggsPerGramofRaspberry&AdultMortality@72h24h(Wet)vs7d(Dry)treateddisks
EggsPerGram
%Mortality
1%A.I.Entrust(spinosad-Dow)
b
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
A8ractandKillSta/onRechargeEfficacy%M
ortality
SWDAdultMortality
Dry
Wet
Control
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00hr.6hr..18hr.24hr.48hr.120hr
1%A.I.Entrust(spinosad-Dow)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
A8ractandKillSta/onRechargeEfficacy
0hr.6hr..18hr.24hr.48hr.120hr0
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1
1.5
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3
EggsperGramofFruit
EggsPerGraminRaspberryFruit
Dry
Wet
Control
1%A.I.Entrust(spinosad-Dow)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Insec/cidalOp/onsforAtKSta/ons
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Weight(g)
Inchesofrainpe
rhou
r
WeightvsRainevents
Rain(inches) WWest(g) WEast(g)
April
May1
May15
June1
June15
Observa/ons• Ini/alweightlossof>50%in30hoursandoverallseasonalweightlossof70%.• Extendedraineventsincreasefluca/onsinAtKdiskweight.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
A8ractandKillSta/onRechargeEfficacy
Observa/ons• Extendedhighrela/vehumidityalsoincreaseweight.• Inversely,lowrHreducesweight.• Morningdewisalsoabsorbedbythedisk.
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RH(%) WWest(g) WEast(g)
April15 May1 May15 June1 June15
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
A8rac/onofDrosophilatoAtKfromMorningDew
June14th–September19th8:30AM,
3RaspberryPlanGngson3FarmsitesintwoNYcounGes1ConvenGonal&2OrganicProducGonSystems
AtKplacement/medforeachrow(A,B,C)A. 1stSWDinNY(14thJune)B. 1stSWDonsite(19thJune)C. 1stSWDoviposi/onoffruit(25thJune)
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
RepI RepII RepIII
90"
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
RepIV RepV RepVI
90"
C
B
A
ExperimentalFieldDesign*
*Rowspacing-11’;plantspacing3’;2of3sitesusedwiretrellisusedtohangAtKsta/ons
3RaspberryPlanGngson3FarmsitesintwoNYcounGes1ConvenGonal&2OrganicProducGonSystems
AtKplacement/medforeachrow(A,B,C)A. 1stSWDinNY(14thJune)B. 1stSWDonsite(19thJune)C. 1stSWDoviposi/onoffruit(25thJune)
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
RepI RepII RepIII
90"
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
RepIV RepV RepVI
90"
C
B
A
ExperimentalFieldDesign
SplitBlock(RepsI-III)RedandYellowDisksprayedweekly(RepsIV-VI)RedandYellowDisksprayed2x/week
3RaspberryPlanGngson3FarmsitesintwoNYcounGes1ConvenGonal&2OrganicProducGonSystems
AtKplacement/medforeachrow(A,B,C)A. 1stSWDinNY(14thJune)B. 1stSWDonsite(19thJune)C. 1stSWDoviposi/onoffruit(25thJune)
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
RepI RepII RepIII
90"
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o o o o o o o o
RepIV RepV RepVI
90"
C
B
A
ExperimentalFieldDesign
SplitBlock(RepsI-III)RedandYellowDisksprayedweekly(RepsIV-VI)RedandYellowDisksprayed2x/weekTreatments
Red o 1%Boraxtreateddisksspacedat1.5’(120)Disks/side=240disks/row
Yellow o 1%Boraxtreateddisksspacedat3’(60)Disks/side=120disks/rowGreen o Untreateddisksspacedat3’(60)Disks/side=120disks/row
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDDamageMeansinRaspberryFruit
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Eggs/gram
AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryTrapanniOrchard,Marlboro,NY-2016
(Sprayedweekly)
a aa
b
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
a a
a
b
78.2% 69.8%55.2%
86.1% 91.3%
47.1%
F-Value P-Value0.99051 0.4415
Red(18”) Yellow(36”)Green(36”)UTC(Sprayed2x/week)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SWDDamageMeansinRaspberryFruit
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Eggspergram
AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryWestWindOrchard,Accord,NY-2016
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Red(18”) Yellow(36”)Green(36”)UTC(Sprayed2x/week)
(Sprayed1x/week)
aa
aa
aa
a
a
F-Value P-Value0.53805 0.7993
63.4% 47.3%33.7%
58.2% 50.6%
13.4%
SWDDamageMeansinRaspberryFruit
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Eggspergram
AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryPFPOrganicCSA,Poughkeepsie,NY-2016
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1(Sprayed1x/week)
a aa
b
a aa
b
59.5% 45.5%65.6%
70.4% 64.3%
44.8%
F-Value P-Value7.02602 0.0001
Red(18”) Yellow(36”)Green(36”)UTC(Sprayed2x/week)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
CombinedFarm&AtKApplicaGonTiming
*59.9%Reduc/onofRaspberryFruitInjuryovertheUTC
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Eggspergram
AtKManagementofSWDinRaspberryFruitDamageMeans,Ulster&DutchessCo;NY-2016
a*
ab
b
a*
Red(18”) Yellow(36”) Green(36”) UTC
F-Value P-Value1.64091 0.1252
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Conclusion
• A,ractandkillstrategieshavebeenshowntoprovidereducedlevelsofinfestaGonfromspo,edwingdrosophilainconvenGonalandorganicraspberryproducGonsystems.
• FurtherstudyofplacementdensityandreapplicaGonintervalsofAtKdisksforopGmumalcontrolisneededpriortorecommendaGonsforuse.
• UseofAtK+1%BoricAcidincombinaGonwithculturalcontrol,frequentharvestintervals,berrysanitaGonandharvestlowtemperaturestoragestrategiesmaydecreasetheimpactofSWDwhilereducingtheresistancepotenGalinSWDpopulaGonsfromfrequentinsecGcideuse.
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
PartnershipThanks
• NewYorkFarmViabilityGrant-OAR15013
• GregLoab,NYSAES,Geneva,NY
• JulietCarrol,NYSIPM,Geneva,NY
• TimLampasona,JonathonBinder,MikeFraatzHudsonValleyResearchLaboratory
FabioChizola,WestWindFarm,Accord,NYPoughkeepsieFarmProject,Poughkeepsie,NYTrapaniFarm&Orchard,Marlboro,NY