Developing Apple Pest control strategies through …...Developing Apple Pest control strategies...
Transcript of Developing Apple Pest control strategies through …...Developing Apple Pest control strategies...
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Developing Apple Pest control strategies through an Integrated agro-ecosystem
approach
Marco TasinSLU, Alnarp
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Effect of orchard management on ecosystem services across Europe (Ecofruit, BioDiversa project)
Germany, Spain, Sweden (N=120 orchards)
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Effect of management on ecosystem services: Germany, Spain, Sweden (N=120 orchards)
(o = IPM)Diversity can be increased with limited yield loss.Organic 38% more insect and spiders species than IPM
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Effect of flower cover between trees on predator abundance in orchards (Skåne, 2014)
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Approach 1: Flower strips
• Adding non-crop vegetation to increase shelter, alternative prey, nectar and pollen for natural enemies of pest
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Flower species sown in flower stripswith high survival in Skåne orchards
(2015-2017)
Achillea millefolium(Rolika)
Cichorium intybus(Vägvårda)
Daucus carota(Morott)
Trifolium pratense(Röd klover)
Hypochaeris radicata(Rotfibbla)
Medicago lupulina(Humle lusern)
Geranium pyrenaicum(Skuggnäva)
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Approach 2: Attracting NE to apple trees
• Can we enhance the effect of flower strips by attracting natural enemies from the flowers to the apple trees?
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HIPVs
HIPVs = Herbivory Induced Plant Volatiles
HIPVs
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Lacewing catches in the orchard
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Adoxophyes oranaFruktskalvecklare
Archips podanaFruktträdsommarvecklare
Archips rosanaHäcksommarvecklare
Pandemis heparanaTandbredvecklare
Cydia pomonellaÄpplevecklare
Spilonota ocellanaLövträdsknoppvecklare
Approach 3: Mating disruption for tortricids (vecklare)
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Approach 3: Multipurpose mating disruption (2012-2016, Registration in 2020)
• Cydia pomonella (E8,E10-12:OH; 12:OH; 14:OH)
• Pandemis heparana (Z9-14:Ac; Z11-14:Ac)• Adoxophyes orana • Archips podana• Archips rosana
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Approach 3: result (2012-2015)
Mating disruption gives same or better efficacy than standard insecticides
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MMD = multispecies mating disruption (6 tortricids “vecklare”)
Reward = flower strips to support natural enemies
Attract = plant volatiles to attract natural enemies to the trees
2015-2018 (Skåne, 5 organic orchards)
MMDMMD + RMMD + AMMD + A + R
Novel Approach 4: 1+2+3
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Frostfjäril
6 Vecklare
Naturliga fiender
From 2015 to 2018
(N=5, Skåne)
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Effect of Attract, Reward and MMD(2015-2018, Skåne)
MMD R A
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Effect of Attract, Reward and MMD(2015-2018, Skåne)
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API-tree: Developing Apple Pest control strategies through an Integrated agro-ecosystem approach
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WP2 “Design of systems with combinations of levers and orchard co-design”
(Sweden and France)
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WP2 “Design of systems with combinations of levers and orchard co-design”
Workshop on orchard co-design (Alnarp, February 2, 9-17)3 advisors, 3 PhD students, 1 Researcher, 5 farmers
What are the existing biodiversity features in your orchard?
Challenge: Increase biodiversity in an old plantation
Began increasing species diversity using diverse species within the hedges.
Unfortunately, Länstyrelsen monitors hedge thickness rigidly, and if a hedge is beyond a certain thickness, they will reduce the land counted as ‘under agricultural cultivation’ which reduces land eligible for compensation in the EUs CAP.
Trying to integrate diversity in the water (stream / brook) on the property.
When clearing old trees, we can have an intermediate crop for a few years so that the soil can rest from apple trees, in order to have intermittent diversity.
We can create a bio diverse herb garden close to the gårdsbutik house, which would also be of interest to the visitors.
Create islands of other species inside the plantation.
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API-tree WP3: diversion of ant attendance
Ants are pushing away natural enemies from aphid colonies
Can we use artificial “honeydew” to divert ants from aphid colonies?
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WP2 “Design of systems with combinations of levers and orchard co-design”
Field attraction of Lasius niger to a biodegradable past loaded with sugar and protein
Mette Frimodt HansenSebastian Larsson HerreraJoakim PålssonBioInnovate AB (Lund)
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Mapping ants in the orchard: spatial correlation between ant and aphid density
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Effect of biodegradable sugar paste on aphid damage (Alnarp, 2018)
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WP2Ideas for 2019
• Intercropping: apple + Vicia villosa (extrafloral nectar)
50 cm50 cm
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A
B
C
D
50 m
Vicia villosa (2019 03 29)
Intercropping: apple + Vicia villosa (extrafloral nectar for ants)SITES (Lönnstorp, in co-operation with Georg Carlsson)
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Effect of Attract, Reward and MMD(2015-2018, Skåne)
MMD R A
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Attract, Reward and Disrupt (AR&D)
to
Attract,Reward, Disrupt and Divert(AR in 2D)
(discussion on transition from 3 to 5 years project !)
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Thank you !
• Formas• Core Organic +• BioDiversa• C-IPM• SLF• Partnerskap Alnarp