Developing a typology of impact pathways for social...
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European Network for Research Evaluation in the Social Sciences and Humanities. COST action 15137. www.enressh.eu Developing a typology of impact pathways for social sciences and the humanities STSM report STSM Applicant: Dr. Reetta Muhonen Home Institution: The Research Center for Knowledge, Science, Technology and Innovations Studies, TaSTI Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland [email protected] + 358-50-3186156 Host Institution: The Center for Higher Education Policy Studies at the University of Twente, Netherlands Host: Dr. Paul Benneworth, leader of the ENRESSH WG2 STSM period: 3.1.-28.2.2017 Aim of the STSM – creating a typology on SSH pathways to societal impact The main aim of the STSM was to develop a systematic typology of SSH pathways to societal impact by analyzing narrative impact cases in the field of social sciences and humanities (SSH). The STSM took place in the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS) at the University of Twente (The Netherlands), 3.1.-28.2.2017. Dr. Reetta Muhonen carried out the STSM. The main person responsible for the STSM candidate’s stay at CHEPS was the leader of the ENRESSH Working Group 2, Dr Paul Benneworth. In addition, co-leader of the WG2, Dr. Julia Olmos Penuela, took part by commenting by email the progress of the STSM’s work. There were also other aims outside the substance in conducting this STSM in relation to the applicant’s career progress and strengthening and creating international networks and collaboration between two research centers involved in the STSM. Results of these aims are reported in the end part of the report. Prior to the STSM there were 47 completed impact cases from 13 countries gathered by ENRESSH WG2 members. The tasks of the STSM aiming at producing a SSH
Transcript of Developing a typology of impact pathways for social...
EuropeanNetworkforResearchEvaluationintheSocialSciencesandHumanities.COSTaction15137.www.enressh.eu
Developingatypologyofimpactpathwaysforsocialsciencesand
thehumanitiesSTSMreport
STSMApplicant:Dr.ReettaMuhonenHomeInstitution:TheResearchCenterforKnowledge,Science,TechnologyandInnovationsStudies,TaSTI
FacultyofSocialSciences,UniversityofTampere,[email protected]+358-50-3186156
HostInstitution:TheCenterforHigherEducationPolicyStudiesattheUniversityofTwente,NetherlandsHost: Dr.PaulBenneworth,leaderoftheENRESSHWG2 STSMperiod: 3.1.-28.2.2017
AimoftheSTSM–creatingatypologyonSSHpathwaystosocietalimpactThemainaimoftheSTSMwastodevelopasystematictypologyofSSHpathwaysto
societalimpactbyanalyzingnarrativeimpactcasesinthefieldofsocialsciencesand
humanities(SSH).TheSTSMtookplaceintheCenterforHigherEducationPolicy
Studies(CHEPS)attheUniversityofTwente(TheNetherlands),3.1.-28.2.2017.Dr.
ReettaMuhonencarriedouttheSTSM.ThemainpersonresponsiblefortheSTSM
candidate’sstayatCHEPSwastheleaderoftheENRESSHWorkingGroup2,DrPaul
Benneworth.Inaddition,co-leaderoftheWG2,Dr.JuliaOlmosPenuela,tookpartby
commentingbyemailtheprogressoftheSTSM’swork.
TherewerealsootheraimsoutsidethesubstanceinconductingthisSTSMin
relationtotheapplicant’scareerprogressandstrengtheningandcreating
internationalnetworksandcollaborationbetweentworesearchcentersinvolvedin
theSTSM.Resultsoftheseaimsarereportedintheendpartofthereport.
PriortotheSTSMtherewere47completedimpactcasesfrom13countriesgathered
byENRESSHWG2members.ThetasksoftheSTSMaimingatproducingaSSH
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typologytosocietalimpactstartedwithcollectingmoreimpactcasesand
standardizingthedataset.TheSTSMcandidatemadethesecondroundwiththedata
gatheringbyaskingWG2memberswhohadnotyetcontributedondatagathering
todelivertheirs.Thisresultedwiththe18moreimpactcases,intotalof65cases
from17differentcountries.Theapplicantwasresponsibleforcoordinating,
archiving,synthetizingandanalyzingthedataaimingatproducingthetypologyof
SSHpathwaystoimpact.
AnalyzingthedataThecandidatestartedtheSTSMbyreadingallimpactcasesanddoingmeta-analysis
ofthem(tables1a&b).ThecasescoveredwiderangeofSSHfieldsfrommore
traditionaldisciplinebasedfields,likesociologyandphilosophy,tocaseson
documentarismandculturalstudies.Besidesfield-specificcases,thedataconsistsof
caseswithmultidisciplinaryorientationinsidetheSSHfields.Insomecases,there
wasalsocollaborationwithSTEMfields.Thedatacoverageonthevariationof
differentbeneficiarieswasalsogood.Besidesthesebackgroundfactors,information
wasgatheredontheorientationofresearchandthetypeofknowledgeplayingthe
mainroleinimpactcases.Basedontheresultsofmeta-analysisitwasconcluded
thatthedatacoverageinrelationtothemostimportantbackgroundfactorswas
goodandthedatawouldworkwellforthepurposesofbuildingatypologyofSSH
pathways.
Countries(17) SocialSciences ArtsandHumanities STEMFinland,Iceland,Norway
publicfinance,administrativelaw,humangeography
history,philosophy medicine,chemistry
Belgium,France,Germany,Netherlands,Switzerland,UK
sociology,criminology,religionstudies,politicalscience,educationalsciences,psychology
archeology,ethnology,culturalantrophology
industrialengineering,ICT,ergonomicscience
Croatia,Estonia,Sebia,Slovakia
journalism,communicationsciences,sciencestudies,
linguistics,philology,music,theatrestudies,
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genderstudies,culturalstudies
classicalstudies,documentarism
Cyprus,Italy,Spain,Portugal
multidisciplinaryresearch
Table1a.Meta-analysisofthenarrativeimpactcases(n=65)
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Pathways Beneficiaries Typeofknowledge
Orientationofresearch
scientificpublishing,publishingforwideraudience
citizens,NGOs content,product,concept
academic,appliedorboth
mediaengagement,publicengagement
professionals,practioners
method,technic
policy,legislation policymakers approach epistemictraining business,industry expertise culturalindustry theory Table1b.Meta-analysisofthenarrativeimpactcases(n=65)BuildingatypologyBuildingthetypologyofSSHpathwayswasstronglybasedonthephaseofthemeta-
analysiswherecandidatetrackedthemainchannelsofinteractionandknowledge
exchangeleadingtosocietalimpact(table1b).ImpactcreationinSSHcasestook
placethroughmediaandpublicengagement,scientificandpopularpublishing,
policy,legislationandepistemictraining.
Inthefirsttwomodels,akeywordisdissemination(table2&figure1).Model1.The
interactivedisseminationrepresenttheSSHcaseswherestakeholdersbecomeaware
oftheresultsofresearchthroughdifferentmodesofdisseminationordissemination
channels,likepublications,socialmedia,websites,databasesorbroadcasts.Whatis
noteworthyinthismodelisthatbesidesdissemination,noothermodesof
interactionsarereported.InthecaseofThemediadisseminationmodel,inaddition
toknowledgedissemination,publicityisanecessityfortheresearchprojecttomake
animpactonsociety.
Thenextthreemodelsinourtypologyconcerncocreation.WithThecocreation
modelwewanttodemonstratetheSSHcaseswhereregularcollaborationbetween
researchersandstakeholdersisakeyforresearchhavinganimpact.Thepublic
engagementmodelisrespectivelyaboutcocreationbutbesidesregularcollaboration
thereisaneedforpublic’sactiveparticipationincreatingimpact.Inawayresultsof
researcharetakenintoactionbyusingsocietyasalaboratory.Theexpertiseand
evaluationmodelisaclassicaldemonstrationofhowaresearcherplaysaroleofan
EuropeanNetworkforResearchEvaluationintheSocialSciencesandHumanities.COSTaction15137.www.enressh.eu
expertinbothwidersocietalcontexts,likeasapublicintellectualandinspecific
projects,committeesandworkinggroupsaimingatsupportingpolicymakers,
professionalsorotherstakeholders.
Thefurtherwegoinourtypology,themorecomplicatedtherelationshipsbetween
researchers,societyandintermediatinginstitutionsbecome.Sometimesthecrucial
thingforresearchhavinganimpactcomesoutsideresearchers’scope.Ourtypology
includesthreemodelsinrelationtoideaofreactingtosocietalimpact.The
Anticipatinganniversariesmodelisbasedontheideaofresearchersbeingableto
recognizethewindowofopportunitycomingaheadinrelationtoactualityofthe
topicsoftheresearchtheyareinvolved.Anticipationcantakeplaceinrelationto
occasionslikehistoricalanniversaries,forthcomingelectionsorglobaltrends
steppingupattheagenda,likeageingpopulationorclimatechange.The“seizethe
day”modelisalsoabouttheactualityofthingscomingoutsideresearch,butwhere
theanticipatingmodelleavesresearcherstimetopreparethemselves,theseizethe
daymodelismoreaboutresearchers’abilitytotakeoverthesuddenlychanged
situation.Itcanbeaboutsomethinghappeningrangingfromongoingpoliciesand
hottopicsbroughtupinmediatocoincidenceslike,naturalcatastrophesand
terroristattacks,whichmakessuddenlysometopicsmorerelevantthanothers.The
socialinnovationmodelisalsoaboutreactingsocietalchange,butwhatisrelevant
hereisthatatthesametimebothsocietyandacademystartworkingonsome
spesificsocialproblemindependentlytounderstanditanddevelopsolutionstoit.
Thenatsomepointthosetwosidescomebacktogetherandcreateanetworkor
platformtosolvetheproblem,witheachoftheirrespectiveknowledgesand
legitimacycontributingtothestrengthofthenetwork.Thisnetworkthroughits
socialpowerthenconstitutesasolutiontotheproblemandthereforedrives
throughasocietalprogressandmakesadifference.Theimpactwouldnotexist
withoutcollaborationbetweenthesetwoparties.
Thethreelastmodelsofourtypologystresstheideaofdrivingthesocietalchange.
The“researchengagementastherapy”modelderivesfromtheideaoftheroleof
EuropeanNetworkforResearchEvaluationintheSocialSciencesandHumanities.COSTaction15137.www.enressh.eu
researchasempoweringpeople.Throughtheresearchprocess,thetargetsofthe
studygetrecognitionandsenseofempowerment.Theimpactcanbeaboutthe
thingshappeningindifferentphasesofresearchprocess:choosinginbetween
differenttopicstostudyisalreadyafirststepformakinganimpact.Impactcanalso
beaboutinterviewprocessesorofferingpeopleachancetotellabouttheirpersonal
experiencesomsp,eptherway,likethroughwriting.itcanalsobeabouttaking
standsforsomeminoritygroupinthemedia.InThe“researchengagementas
therapy”model,momentsofactionsandactorsinvolvingmakinganimpactareto
someextenttraceable,andcomparedtoTheknowledge“creeps”intosocietymodel
thedifferenceinknowledgediffusionisveryclear.Inrelationtolatterone,itisnot
possibletosayfromwherethenewwayofthinkingoriginallyderives–insteadits
originisdispersedintonumerousdifferentsourcesandsequentialoccasions.There
isnoeurekamomentsintheresearchprocessinrelationtomakinganimpact–just
asopposite;itcantakeevenachangefromonegenerationtoanothertoreallyfeel
theimpact.Itislikearesearchresults“creep”intodailylifeandpoliticalarena.In
parallelorlateron,somechangestakeplaceoractionsoccurinrelationtomundane
practices,publicopinionorlegislation.Thelastmodelinourtypologyisthebuilding
“newepistemic”communitiesmodel.Thismodelisbasedontheideaofaresearcher
introducinganewwayofthinking,whichchangesacurriculumorinstitutional
practices.
SSHPATHWAYSTOSOCIETALIMPACTGeneralmodel
Model
Mechanism
Examplecase
dissemination Theclassicalpipelinemodel
→→
Theinteractivedisseminationmodel
Stakeholdersbecomeawareoftheresultsofresearchthroughpublications,socialmedia,websites,databases,broadcastsetc.
YoungdescendantsofAfricanimmigrants,Portugal
Themediadisseminationmodel
publicityisneededfortheimpact Qualitycontroloftouristdestinations,Croatia
cocreation Thecocreationmodel aresearchercollaboratesregularlywithstakeholders
Restorativejustice,Italy
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Thepublicengagementmodel
resultsofresearcharetakenintoactionbyusingsocietyasalaboratory
Allmalepanel,Finland
Theexpertise&evaluationmodel
aresearcherplaysaroleasanexpert,makespolicyrecommendationsetc.
Vetlesen,Norway
reactingtosocietalimpact
The“anticipatinganniversaries”model
researchersarepreparingthemselvestocomingissuesdiscussedinthemedia
Holenstein,Switzerland
The“seizetheday”model
somethinghappensrangingfromongoingpoliciesandhottopicsbroughtupinmediatocoincidenceslike,naturalcatastrophesandterroristattacks,whichmakessuddenlysometopicsmorerelevantthanothers
11Mourningarchive,Spain
Thesocialinnovationmodel
workstartsindependentlyandthenatsomepointtwosidescomebacktogether
Geolinguistics(VoicePassport),Spain
drivingsocietalchange
The“researchengagementastherapy”model
targetsofthestudygetrecognitionandsenseofempowermentthroughtheresearchprocess
Childabuse,Finland
Theknowledge“creeps”intosocietymodel
Researchresults“creep”intodailylifeandpoliticalarena.Inparallelorlateron,somechangestakeplace/actionsoccurinrelationtomundanepractices,publicopinionorlegislation.
NationState,Iceland
building“newepistemiccommunities”model
aresearcherintroducesanewwayofthinkingandthischangesacurriculum/institutionalpractices
Nunneryschool,Myanmar
Table2.SSHpathwaystosocietalimpact
Atypologyneedtohavealogic.ThestartingpointforthetypologyofSSHpathways
isa“classicalpipelinemodel”basedonapresumptionofresearchresults
transferringstraighttosociety.Theorderofthemodelsreferstothehierarchy
embeddedinthetypology.Itdemonstratesthedeviationfromthepipelinemodelin
relationtocomplexityofinteractions.Thefurthereachmodelgoesfromthepipeline
modelthemorecomplexthecouplingsbetweenresearch,societyand
intermediatinginstitutionsget(figure1).
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Figure1.ThepipelinemodelandSSHpathwaystosocietalimpact
pipelinemodel
disseminationinteractivedissemination
mediadissemination
cocreation
cocreation
publicengagement
expertise&evaluation
reactingtosocietalchange
anticipatinganniversaries
seizetheday
socialinnovationmodel
drivingsocietalchange
researchengagementastherapy
engagementactivities/"creep"
buildingnewepistemiccommunities
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DifficultiesDifficultiesmetbySTSMtookplaceinrelationtodatagatheringandthefactthat
producingimpactcaseswasbasedonvoluntaryparticipatingofthemembersofthe
ENRESSHWG2.SomeofthemembersofWG2didnotsubmittedthecasestheyhad
promisedtodeliver.Therewasalsoanissueoftimeliness:only47of65caseswere
deliveredintime.Thefactthatdatagatheringwascarriedoutby34WG2members
wasalsochallenginginrelationtodatareliability.However,noneofthese
difficultieswereinsurmountableandtheworkoftheSTSMcandidatewasdelivered
intime.
OutcomesoftheSTSMThemainoutcomeoftheSTSMwasthetypologyofSSHpathwaysreflecting17
countries(figure1).TheSTSMathandwassignificantforSTSM’scareer
development,bothsubstantiallyandinrelationtotheaspectsof
internationalisation.Thecandidate’sfocushasbeenonstudyingsciencepolicy
relatedissues,likethesocietalimpactofSSH,intheFinnishcontext.ThisSTSM
offeredanimportantinternationalstepforwardinherresearchcareer.Inaddition,
forthecandidatethiswasherfirstlongervisitasaroleofresearcherabroad.She
haspublishedmostofherworkinFinnish,thusthisSTSMmotivatesand
encourageshertointernationalpublishing.
WhatisworthtomentionisthatpersonsinvolvedinthisSTSM,didnotknoweach
otherbefore–STSMworkedasalaunchfortheycollaboration.AlthoughSTSM
periodisover,STSMcandidatecontinuesherworkonthisjointtopicofENRESSH
workinggroup2inclosecollaborationwiththeleaderandco-leaderofthegroup.
STSMcandidateisalsoconsideredtohostthecandidateofthenextSTSMroundof
ENRESSHWG2atherhomeinstitution,attheResearchCenterforKnowledge,
Science,TechnologyandInnovations,intheUniversityofTampere.Inrelationtothe
networking,responsibilityofthedatagatheringandanalysingit–thepositionit
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offered–wasforthecandidateagreatpossibilitytonetworkwiththeother
membersofworkinggroup2fromca.20countries.
TheSTSMwasastartforacollaborationbetweentworesearchcenters,TaSTIand
CHEPS,sharingpartlysameresearchinterests.Thecandidategettoknowalsoother
researchersworkingatthehostinstitution.Theydidn’tsharetheinterestsofthe
STSMtopic,butthroughcandidate’spreviousstudiesshewasabletohelpthejunior
colleaguesofthehostinstitution.Shegotalsoachancetoofferherhelpasanexpert
ofFinnishhighereducationsystemtoDutchcolleagues.Theyaregoingtomeetat
theCHERConferencetobeheldnextautumnincandidate’sprevioushometown
Jyväskylä,Finland.
ENRESSHandSTSMofferedalsoagendaforstrengtheningandupdatingformer
researchcollaborations.IntheendoftheSTSMperiod,NorwegianResearch
ProfessorGunnarSivertsen(alsomemberoftheCostActionENRESSH)visited
CHEPSandthehostandthecandidatehadameetingfordiscussingthedraftversion
oftheSSHpathwayswithhim.NowprofessorSivertsenisactivelyinvolvedwiththe
workofWG2.
IntheendoftheSTSMperiod,thecandidatepresentedalsotheresultstogether
withthehostatCHEPSseminar.
Collaborationbetweenthecandidate,thehostandco-leaderoftheWG2isplanned
tocontinuemostlythroughjointconferencepresentationsandco-authored
publications(tables3&4).Besidestheycontinuetheircollaborationunderthe
programandaimsoftheENRESSH-network.Threepresentationsarealreadyheld
(table3).DuringherstayatCHEPS,thecandidatemadeaproposalforanabstract
forAnnualSociologyConferenceinFinland.Itwasacceptedasapresentation.
FindingsoftheSTSMwillbepresentedatfivesubsequentconferencesin2017.
Presentations ForthcomingpresentationsReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela&Paul ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela&Paul
EuropeanNetworkforResearchEvaluationintheSocialSciencesandHumanities.COSTaction15137.www.enressh.eu
Benneworth(2017)StateoftheArt–SocietalimpactandrelevanceoftheSSHresearch.SSHEvaluation:Reconcilingneedsandmethods.CostActionENRESSHStakeholdermeeting19-20January2017,Prague,CzechRepublic.
Benneworth(2017)HowSSHresearchmakesitwaybeyondacademia?AnnualSociologyMeeting,23-24March2017,Tampere,Finland.(paperaccepted)
ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela&PaulBenneworth(2017)Pathwaystoimpact–modesofSSHengagementwithsociety.CHEPSseminar,24February2017,UniversityofTwente,Netherlands.
ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela&PaulBenneworth(2017)ModesofSSHengagement.ExperimentationandEvidence.AnnualsymposiumofScienceandTechnologyStudies,8–9June2017,Helsinki,Finland.
Muhonen,Reetta,OlmosPeñuelaJulia&BenneworthPaul(2017)SSHPathwaystosocietalimpact.ENRESSHmeeting7.-8.3.2017Sofia,Bulgary.
PaulBenneworth,JuliaOlmos-Peñuela&ReettaMuhonen(2017)TowardsacommonunderstandingonthesocietalimpactofSSHresearch.RESSHConference,6-7July2017,Antwerp,Belgium
ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela&PaulBenneworth(2017)Fromproductstoprocess–SSHpathwaystosocietalimpact.CHERConference,28-30August2017,UniversityofJyväskylä,Finland.
ReettaMuhonen,PaulBenneworth&JuliaOlmosPeñuela(2017)Yhteiskunta-jahumanististieteellisentutkimuksenpolutyhteiskunnalliseenvaikuttavuuteen.(SSHPathwaystosocietalimpact).SymposiumforHigherEducationStudiesinFinland,31.8.-1.9.2017,UniversityofJyväskylä,Finland.
Table3.PresentationsinrelationtoSTSMin2017Publicationplanfor2017
ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela&PaulBenneworth(2017)SSHpathwaystosocietalimpact.CHEPSWorkingpaperseries.UniversityofTwente,Netherlands.
PaulBenneworth,ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela(2017)TowardsacommonunderstandingonthesocietalimpactofSSHresearchCHEPSWorkingpaperseries.UniversityofTwente,Netherlands.ReettaMuhonen(2017)SSHPathwaystosocietalimpact–metaphorsfrommusicworld.TheCHEPSblog.
ReettaMuhonen,JuliaOlmosPeñuela,PaulBenneworth&GunnarSivertsen(2018)(eds)SpecialIssue(e.g.PalgraveCommunications)onSSHImpactgenerationandconsequencesforevaluationTable4.Publicationplanfor2017&2018
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