Developing a Research Agenda for the Caribbean Food System to

Respond to Global Changes.Agro Processing

By Prof. J. O. Akingbala

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Environmental Changes by 2100

• Global warming ( 1.4 – 5.8oc)

• Rise in sea level (0.09 – 0.88m)

• Changes in climate variability– Frequency– Intensity

3

Impact of Environmental Changes on World Food Production and

Availability

• General reduction in crop yields in tropical & sub-tropical regions

• Increased crop yields in some temperate regions

4

Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World

Regions

• Africa – diminished food security.

• Asia – diminished food security.

• Latin America(Caribbean).– Yields of important crops decrease.– Threat to subsistence farming.

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Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World

Regions 2

• Europe– Positive effect in northern Europe– Negative effects in south & eastern Europe

• Australia/New Zealand– Initial positive effect– Later negative effect

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Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World

Regions 3

• North America.– Positive in the north.– Drought in the Prairies.– Benefits decline as temperature increases.

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The Problem

• Raw material requirement of agro processing sector in the Caribbean

• Current sources of raw materials

• Effect of predicted climate changes on raw material supply

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Sources of Raw Materials for Agro – Processing Food Industry of the

CaribbeanRaw Materials Sources

Temperate Crops – Wheat,Barley, Maize, Oil seeds/Meal

North America, Europe

Animal Products – Milk, Cheese, Chicken etc.

Australia/New Zealand

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Agricultural Production of the Caribbean for 1990 &1991($million International)

Totals 1990 1991

Agriculture 9093.00 8977.00

Food 8753.00 8667.00

Crop 6993.00 6900.00

Cereals 265.00 235.00

Pulses 90.00 90.00

Roots/Tubers 251.00 252.00

Oil Crops 112.00 112.00

Livestock 2800.00 2077.00

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Caribbean Agriculture Production Quantities (1,000MT.)

Totals 1990 1991 1992

Cereals 1414.00 1430.00 1245.00

Oilseeds 100.00 95.00 98.00

Sugar 9579.00 8787.00 8156.00

Roots & Tubers 2314.00 2319.00 2272.00

Pulses 249.00 246.00 253.00

Fruits 5760.00 5623.00 5004.00

Vegetables 1370.00 1397.00 1371.00

Beverages (coffee, tea, cocoa)

198.00 188.00 189.00

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Caribbean Agriculture Production Quantities (1,000MT.)2

Totals 1990 1991 1992

Meats 878.00 888.00 785.00

Milk 1998.00 1955.00 1739.00

Eggs 193.00 203.00 183.00

Tobacco 65.00 71.00 67.00

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Caribbean Agriculture Exports ($Million)

Totals 1990 1991 1992

Cereals & Preparations 39 44 50

Wheat & Flour 13 17 19

Oil crop and feed crops 10 12 8

Oil seeds 10 12 8

Vegetable oils 9 8 7

Fruits vegetables and products

620 542 584

Sugar & Honey 5172 3068 2616

Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices

187 172 131

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Caribbean Agriculture Exports ($Million)

Totals 1990 1991 1992

Other Beverages 166 165 178

Live Animals 1 1 1

Meat & Meat preparations

29 38 19

Dairy products & eggs 5 8 7

Other Agric products 20 19 16

Tobacco & products 165 138 121

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Caribbean Agriculture Imports($million)

Totals 1990 1991 1992

Cereals & Preparations 835 767 846

Wheat & Flour 314 200 212

Rice 173 115 128

Maize 181 2 3

Barley 3 152 166

Oil Crops & Feed Pdtn 168 60 63

Oil seed p’dts and feed vegetable oils

58 173 190

Fruits vegetables & p’dts

322 350 349

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Caribbean Agriculture Imports($million)

Totals 1990 1991 1992

Sugar & Honey 115 104 111

Coffee,cocoa,tea & spices

60 59 58

Other beverages 241 224 240

Live Animals 12 9 9

Meat & Meat prep's 456 494 380

Dairy p’dts & eggs 372 415 367

Tobacco & products 40 40 39

Other Agric p’dts 128 125 108

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Suggested Solutions

• Development of new food types.

• Developing substitutes for traditional raw materials.– From new raw materials.– Diluting traditional raw materials.– Adapting new processes.

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Suggested Solutions2

• Beverages.– Alcoholic – any fermentable solids.– Beer – other heat durable cereals.– Non alcoholic- fruits.

• Animal products.– Meat – development of new materials from

salvaged meat and fish products.– Manufacture of chicken bacon from neck and

back muscle.– Fish patties from underutilised fish.– Ayami.