DEVELOP GUIDANCE AND METHODOLOGY FOR SURFACE ...
19
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION _______________________________ Joint Meeting of CBS Expert Team on Surfacebased RemotelySensed Observations (First Session) and CIMO Expert Team on Remote Sensing Upperair Technology and Techniques (Second Session) Geneva, Switzerland, 2327 November 2009 CBSCIMO Remote Sensing/ Doc. 6(3) (17.XI.2009) ______ ITEM: 6 Original: ENGLISH ONLY DEVELOP GUIDANCE AND METHODOLOGY FOR SURFACE BASED REMOTE SENSING MONITORING Report from Japan (Submitted by Hakaru MIZUNO) Summary and Purpose of Document The document presents a brief overview of the methods used for surfacebased remote sensor monitoring in Japan. ACTION PROPOSED The meeting will be invited to develop the methodology and standard guidance material that can be used for the monitoring of surfacebased remote sensor systems.
Transcript of DEVELOP GUIDANCE AND METHODOLOGY FOR SURFACE ...
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION _______________________________
Joint Meeting of CBS Expert Team on Surfacebased RemotelySensed Observations
(First Session) and
CIMO Expert Team on Remote Sensing Upperair Technology and Techniques
(Second Session)
Geneva, Switzerland, 2327 November 2009
CBSCIMO Remote Sensing/ Doc. 6(3)
(17.XI.2009) ______
ITEM: 6
Original: ENGLISH ONLY
DEVELOP GUIDANCE AND METHODOLOGY FOR SURFACE BASED REMOTE SENSING MONITORING
Report from Japan
(Submitted by Hakaru MIZUNO)
Summary and Purpose of Document
The document presents a brief overview of the methods used for surfacebased remote sensor monitoring in Japan.
ACTION PROPOSED
The meeting will be invited to develop the methodology and standard guidance material that can be used for the monitoring of surfacebased remote sensor systems.
Surface Based Remote Sensorsin the Japan Meteorological Agency
Hakaru Mizuno(Kenji Akaeda)
Japan Meteorological Agency
WMOJoint Meeting of the CBS Expert Team on Surface Based Remote Sensing (First Session)
and CIMO Expert Team on Remote Sensing Upper-air Technology and Techniques (Second Session)
23-27 November 2009, Geneva (Switzerland)
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 2
Lightning Detection
30km
10km
0km
Surface ObservationObservatories
AWS stations
Radiosonde ObservationWind Profiler Observation
GPS Observation (GSI, GPS-based Control Stations)
Weather Radar Observation
Lidar Observation
Surface Based Remote Sensor
Geostational Meteorological Satellite Observation
Overview of the Observation Systems
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 3
Observation Data Flow
Weather radar
Radiosonde
Surface
Wind profiler
Satellite
Maintenance and operation of observation systems (JMA)
Data Archive
Forecasting
Database
NWP Analysis
Observations
Monitoring products
StatisticsLightning detection
Quality control
Citi
zens
/ In
habi
tant
s
GSI GEONET
Doppler lidar
Surface based remote sensor
GPS precipitable water
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 4
Radar Observation
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 5
1954 Installation of the Osaka radar
1964 Installation of Mt. Fuji radar
1971 Installation of Kushiro radarCompletion of radar observation network
1982 Beginning of digitization (Nagoya, Fukui）First-generation digitization
1994 Ishigakijima radar substitute for Miyakojima radarCompletion of first-generation digitization
1997 Second-generation digitization Centralization (Tokyo District）
2002 Completion of second-generation digitization
2005Beginning of the Radar Observation and
Processing System (ROPS)(Eastern Japan)
2008 Beginning of the ROPS (Western Japan)Completion of centralization
Nagano radarShizuoka radar1999
Mt. Fuji radar stopped
1995DRAW(Kansai Airport)
2003 Installation of 1km-mesh composite equipment (JMA headquarters)
2006 Beginning of replacement program for Doppler radar (Tokyo radar)
2009 2009 Replacement of 5 sites for Doppler radar
Brief History
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 6
20 Radars cover almost of Japan.● 12 Doppler Radar● 8 Conventional Radar・ Frequency : 5300MHz-band ・ Peak Power : 250kW・ Antenna Diameter : 4m・Maximum Range : 400km
(Doppler 250km)
To be replaced with a Doppler radar by April 2010.
General Weather RadarGeneral Weather Radar Doppler Radar for Airport WeatherDoppler Radar for Airport Weather
Radar Observation Network
New-Chitose (RJCC)
Fukuoka (RJFF)
Naha (ROAH)
Kagoshima (RJFK)
Osaka Intl. (RJOO)
Kansai Intl. (RJBB)
Chubu Intl. (RJGG)
Tokyo Intl. (RJTT)
Narita Intl. (RJAA)
9 Doppler Radar・ Frequency : 5300MHz-
band ・ Peak Power : 200kW・ Antenna Diameter : 7.1m・Maximum Range : 120km
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 7
Frequency Allocations for the JMA Radar Operation
Gereral Weather Radar （20）
（MHz）
Doppler Radar for Airport Weather （9）
（MHz）
■
■■■
■■■
■■
■
■
■ ■
5350 5360 5370
■
■
5340
■■
5300 5310 5320 5330
■■
■■
5260 5270 5280 5290
■
53705300 5310 5320 5330 5350 53605280 5290
■
5340
■■ ■
■■
■
5250
5250
5260 527062.552.5 5545
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 8
Characteristics of general weather radar
250mDistance resolution
10min, 5min(2km-level intensity)Observation Interval
400 kmObservation range
1 ～ 1.2 degBeam width
4.0 mAntenna diameter
2.5 ×10-6 s, 1.0×10-6 sPulse width
250 kWPeak Power
5.59 ～ 5.66 cmWavelength
5300～5370 MHzFrequency
General Weather RadarCharacteristics
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 9
Center system(JMA headquarters)
Remote control and watchData processing
Backup System(Osaka)
Center System(JMA headquarters)
Domestic core network
Radar Observation and Processing System
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 10
Horizontal resolution 1km ×1kmVertical resolution 1km(0-15km)Time resolution 10 min.
5 min.(2-km level)
Typhoon (T0709)
3-dimensional radar observation
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 11
CAPPI1300JST 15 JUL 2006
１ｋｍ
２ｋｍ
３ｋｍ
４ｋｍ
５ｋｍ
６ｋｍ
７ｋｍ
８ｋｍ
９ｋｍ
１０ｋｍ
１１ｋｍ
１２ｋｍ
１３ｋｍ
１４ｋｍ
１５ｋｍ
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 12
Low-Altitude reflectivity
of each Radar
Quality Control
Calibration
Combining(Maximum)
NationwideRadar Echo
Composite Data
Z-R Conversion(Z=200R1.6)
Calibration Factorof each Radar
Composite Processing
Radar-AMeDAS Processing
All radar echo data are collected to the center system, and nationwide composite map is made.
Composite Radar Echo Intensity
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 13
Composite radar map
0400JST 19 July 2006
Monitoring heavy rainfall
0300JST 19 July 2006
Horizontal resolution 1km ×1kmTime resolution 10 min., 5 min.(2-km level)
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 14
Calculation of radar echo indexes
top
rain (mm/h)2km
zmax（dBZ）
vil
vil
cm (km)
vild=vil/top
∑∑
ΔΔ⋅
=hhM
hhM)()(
7/461044.3 ZM −×=
∑ ⋅= hhM )(
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 15
vil top zmax
rain vild maxh
Example of radar echo index1300JST 15 JUL 2006
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 16
Mesocyclone detection with Doppler radar
Tokyo radar
Mesocyclone detection
Precipitation intensity（2007/04/20 12:20）
Doppler velocity（３km）
Funnel cloud
dust
Cb
Tornado1220JST 20 April 2006Fujisawa city, Kanagawa
A pair of wind blowing away from radar(red) and wind blowing toward radar(blue)
Wind blowing toward radar
Wind blowing away from radar
Tornado
Mesocycloneproducing tornado
Doppler radar
The roof is damaged.
(Fujisawa city)
Fujisawa city
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 17
Example of mesocyclone detectionDoppler velocity
Time from 0436JST
Echo intensity
Mesocyclones06JST 8 OCT 2009 (Typhoon 0918)
Surface
H
T0918
Surface Remote Sensors in JMA 18
The Doppler radar (radial velocity), which was obtained from Doppler radar, was assimilated into the meso-scale numerical model of the JMA.
Precipitation with Doppler velocity without Doppler velocity
Rainfall amount during 6JST to 9JST forecast hours from the initial condition of 6JST on 16 June 2006.
Impacts of Doppler velocity on Numerical Prediction
