Determining the Accuracy of SO 3 /H 2 SO 4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure...
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Transcript of Determining the Accuracy of SO 3 /H 2 SO 4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure...
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements:
Development of aField Spiking Procedure
Presented at Electric Utilities Environmental Conference (EUEC)Phoenix, AZ
February 3rd, 2010Presented byDaniel Roesler
Principal Investigator and Field EngineerClean Air Engineering, Inc.
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Why Spike?
• SO3/H2SO4 difficult to measure
• SO3/H2SO4 validation sources don’t exist
• Measurement Techniques– Based on theory– Have not been validated– May contain biases for
common situations
SO3H2SO4 (vapor) H2SO4 (mist)
Dale A. Lundgren, Paul Urone and Thomas Gundersn, "A Stack Gas Sulfate Aerosol Measurement Problem", In Workshop Proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emissions from Combustion Sources, Volume 1, EPA-600/9-78-02tia, (August 1978), pp. 161-178
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Measurement Techniques
Manual Methods, Including Controlled Condensation
(8, 8A, CleanAir 8B, etc.)
Continuous Methods (TDL, FTIR, etc.)
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Dynamic Spiking Concept
• Dual controlled condensation sampling trains:– One Spiked– One Unspiked
• Generate SO3 on demand using platinum catalyst
• Inject a known amount of SO3 into spiked train probe tip
• Compare spiked train recovery to unspiked train recovery• Determine method bias based on spike recovery
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
SO3 Generation
• SO3 generation via platinum catalyst• Catalyst contained inside probe• SO3 generated just prior to injection
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
SO3 Generation Testing
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
SO3 Generation Conditions
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Spiking Probe
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
FTIR Detection of SO3
• SO3/H2SO4 reacted with FTIR windows, creating buildup of interference that overshadowed SO2 and SO3 peaks
• Only relative accuracy and stability measurements
• Lacked reference spectra for low concentrations of SO3
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Spike Recovery
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Conclusion
Yes!We can reliably generate a known amount
of SO3 spike within a ±20% range.
Yes!We can capture that SO3 spike using
controlled condensation in a field setting.
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
What’s Next
• Make dynamic spiking available for SO3/H2SO4 testing immediately (patent pending)
• Further develop alternative catalyst– Shrink the ±20% recovery range to ±5%– Remove the need for seasoning and pre-ramping
• Create low level SO3 reference spectra for FTIR
• Validate other SO3/H2SO4 measurement techniques using SO3 generation and spiking system, such as new ASTM SO3/H2SO4 method
Determining the Accuracy of SO3/H2SO4 Measurements: Development of a Field Spiking Procedure
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. EUEC 2010
Questions?
Special Thanks
This presentation will be available online athttp://www.cleanair.com/SO3