DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED PILOT...

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

FOR THE

PROPOSED PILOT FAECAL SLUDGE AND SEPTAGE

TREATMENT PLANT

PREPARED FOR

KATIHAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

KATIHAR, BIHAR

DPR for Pilot Scale FSS Treatment Plant in Katihar

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Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Rationale for the DPR preparation .......................................................................................... 3

1.3 Scope of DPR .......................................................................................................................... 3

2 About Katihar .................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Demographics ......................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Drainage .................................................................................................................................. 4

2.3 Climate and rainfall ................................................................................................................. 5

3 Sanitation coverage in Katihar ........................................................................................................ 6

3.1 Analysis of FSSM in Katihar .................................................................................................. 6

3.2 Quantification of faecal sludge & septage generated in Katihar ............................................. 9

3.2.1 Faecal sludge & septage collection method .................................................................... 9

3.2.2 Faecal sludge & septage production method .................................................................. 9

4 Faecal sludge and septage treatment technologies ........................................................................ 10

5 Assumptions for this Detailed Project Report [DPR] ................................................................... 14

5.1 Estimation of capacity of FSSTP .......................................................................................... 14

5.2 Faecal sludge and septage characteristics ............................................................................. 14

6 Legal framework and site selection for FSSTP............................................................................. 15

7 Proposed FSSTP Modules ............................................................................................................ 17

7.1 Grit / Screen chambers. ......................................................................................................... 17

7.2 Drying Beds for dewatering .................................................................................................. 18

7.2.1 Sand and gravel layers .................................................................................................. 19

7.2.2 Sludge removal ............................................................................................................. 20

7.3 Effect of Climatic conditions and hydrology ........................................................................ 20


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7.4 Calculation of sludge loading rate, size and number of beds ................................................ 20

7.4.1 Sludge loading rate........................................................................................................ 20

7.4.2 Size and number of beds ............................................................................................... 21

7.4.3 Loading frequency of an unplanted drying bed ............................................................ 21

7.5 Anaerobic treatment of filtrate .............................................................................................. 21

7.5.1 Anaerobic settling chamber .......................................................................................... 22

7.5.2 Facultative tank [Modified Anaerobic Baffle Reactor]................................................. 22

7.6 Land requirement for a 15 cum FSS treatment facility ......................................................... 23

8 Operation and maintenance ........................................................................................................... 24

9 Cost estimation ............................................................................................................................. 25

10 Resource recovery and sustainability ........................................................................................ 26

10.1 Reuse / disposal of treated effluent ....................................................................................... 26

10.2 Proposed bussiness model ..................................................................................................... 26

11 Way forward ............................................................................................................................. 28

12 Annexures ................................................................................................................................. 30


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List of Tables

Table 1: Population growth rate .............................................................................................................. 4

Table 2: Emptying service record maintained at KMC .......................................................................... 7

Table 3: Review of technologies ........................................................................................................... 11

Table 4: Assumed physico-chemical characteristics of FSS ................................................................. 14

Table 5: Scoring guide for the screening of sites for FSSTP ................................................................ 16

Table 6: Operation & maintenance ....................................................................................................... 25

Table 7: Cost estimate of the FSSTP .................................................................................................... 26

Table 8: Milestones and timeline .......................................................................................................... 29


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List of Figures

Figure 1: Geographical location and administrative division of Katihar city……………………………………….5

Figure 2: Prevalent sanitation systems in Katihar City ........................................................................... 6

Figure 3: Excreta Flow Diagram (SFD) of Katihar city………………………………………………………………………8

Figure 4: Layout of treatment modules…………………………………………………………………………………………….17

Figure 5: Grit chamber .......................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 6: Unplanted drying bed……………………………………………………………………………………………………....19

Figure 7: Map showing the shortlisted sites in Katihar for FSSTP ....................................................... 39

Figure 8: Google image and pictures of Chitoria site ........................................................................... 40

Figure 9: Google image and pictures of land available at Bhasna Pul .................................................. 41

Figure 10: Google image and pictures of land available at Durgapur Sluice Gate ............................... 42

Figure 11: Google image and pictures of land available at Mania Pul ................................................. 43

List of Drawing Sheets

Sheet 1: Landscape plan ........................................................................................................................ 44

Sheet 2: Site plan .................................................................................................................................. 45

Sheet 3: Hydraulic profile ..................................................................................................................... 46

Sheet 4: Screen chamber ....................................................................................................................... 47

Sheet 5: Sludge drying bed ................................................................................................................... 48

Sheet 6: Inspection chambers ............................................................................................................... 49

Sheet 7: Modified ABR with maturation pond...................................................................................... 50

Sheet 8: Sand filter and storage tank .................................................................................................... 51

Sheet 9: Office ....................................................................................................................................... 52

Sheet 10: Composting unit .................................................................................................................... 53

Sheet 11: Operator room ...................................................................................................................... 54

Sheet 12: Septic tank ............................................................................................................................ 55

../Downloads/FSTP%20Katihar_17122017%20V04_SP_BL.doc#_Toc517108643







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Executive Summary

72% of population is dependent on onsite sanitation systems like septic tanks and pits, and

this no. is likely to increase in the wake of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM).

90% of AMRUT funds allocated to two sectors of water supply and sewerage/septage

management.

CSTF decided to implement a pilot scale faecal sludge and septage treatment plant(FSSTP)

and requested Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) to do prefeasibility study and

prepare DPR.

After prefeasibility study and assessment of proposed sites, Mania Pul site is selected for the

proposed FSSTP

This DPR is prepared for FSSTP of 15 Kilo Litre per Day (KLD) capacity, based on the

current demand

Land requirement and allocated for the facility is around 4000 square metre (sq.m), whereas

the proposed built-up area is around 1500 sq.m and rest of the land would be designated for

horticulture.

Gravity based technology used with following modules: grit chamber, unplanted drying bed,

modified ABR, maturation pond, sand filter and storage tank

The capital expenditure (CAPEX) of the facility for technical modules comes out to be ₹ 63.5

lakhs and for non-technical modules, including office, operator’s room, road, wash area,

parking, landscaping, storm water drains etc. it comes out to be around ₹ 86.1 lakhs. The total

CAPEX of the proposed project comes out to be around ₹ 157 lakhs.

The OPEX of the facility including manpower, electricity, consumables and repair comes out

to be around ₹ 2.87 lakhs per year. The operational expenditure (OPEX) of the vacuum trucks

including fuel, manpower and repair comes out to be ₹ 7.2 lakhs. So, the total expenditure for

operation will be around ₹ 10.07 lakhs/year. Total OPEX for five years would come out to be

₹ 15.85 lakhs.

The total IEC expenditure including trainings and behavior change communication comes out

to be ₹ 24 lakhs for five years.

The revenue generation through collection of desludging fees will be around ₹ 7.8 lakhs and

through selling of compost will be around ₹ 2.7 lakhs. Total revenue generated will be ₹ 10.5

lakhs, hence there will be surplus revenue of around ₹ 43,000/- in year 1. In subsequent years

the operation and maintenance cost is expected to increase and hence desludging fees would

have to be adjusted accordingly.

Katihar Municipal Corporation should implement scheduled desludging in 1 or 2 wards near

the treatment plant.

KMC would eventually have to move towards implementing city wide scheduled desludging

and buy more trucks and implement more FSSTPs in different parts of the city to cater the

increased demand.


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1 Introduction

Around 70% of urban population in India is dependent on onsite sanitation systems (OSS), which

need regular desludging. Due to lack of any awareness, motivation, regulation, infrastructure and

governance, faecal sludge and septage (FSS), desludged from OSS, is disposed of anywhere in open

space, open drain or even in water bodies, causing severe problems of environmental pollution,

ground water contamination and adverse impacts on the health of local communities. Hence, effective

management of FSS from OSS like septic tanks and pit latrines has been well recognized by the

concerned ministries of Government of India and different state governments.

1.1 Background

A Policy Paper on Septage Management in India was prepared by the Centre for Science and

Environment (CSE) in 2011 to support the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA,

formerly known as Ministry of Urban Development), in preparation of national level policy guidelines

for septage management. Accordingly, MoHUA released an Advisory Note on Septage Management1

in 2013 which delineated the importance of safe management of FSS, its characteristics, proper

collection, transportation and effective treatment for its safe disposal and/or reuse. Finally, the

National Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (NFSSM) Policy2 was announced in 2017 and since

then, this policy has been significantly motivating local governments/ local bodies in taking suitable

measures for effective management of FSS from septic tanks and pit latrines.

The NFSSM policy defines the roles and responsibilities of various government entities and other

relevant stakeholders such as the private sector, civil society organizations and citizens for effective

implementation of FSSM services throughout the country through enabling the synergies among

relevant central government programs such as Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), Atal Mission for

Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and the Smart Cities Mission to realize safe and

sustainable sanitation for all at the earliest. Going one step further, Mission Director (SBM, GoI)

advised all state Mission Directors (D.O. MD-SBM/AA/95/2016 dated 10 June 2017, Annexure 1) to

continue use of AMRUT money for the effective FSSM activities for AMRUT towns while non-

AMRUT ODF cities are allowed to use unspent funds under solid waste management capacity

building for effective FSSM. FSSM has now been duly recognized and included into the Swachh

Survekshan 2018 where the ULBs’ performance will also be evaluated based on the steps taken for

effective FSSM.

CSE has been involved in highlighting the issues of FSSM, and supporting governments at various

levels. CSE with the support of MoHUA and Ministry of Water Resources for River Development

and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India has been working on an initiative which is aimed at

capacitating urban local bodies and other stakeholders to help achieve convergence of national

programmes namely - NMCG, AMRUT, SBM in identified flagship town /cities by planning for city

wide sanitation including non-sewered areas and identification of interventions for effective

wastewater and FSSM.

1 http://moud.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Advisory_SMUI06.pdf (Accessed on 17 Dec. 2017)

2.http://www.swachhbharaturban.in:8080/sbm/content/writereaddata/FSSM%20Policy%20Report_23%20Feb_Art

work.pdf (Accessed on 17 Dec. 2017)

http://moud.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Advisory_SMUI06.pdf

http://www.swachhbharaturban.in:8080/sbm/content/writereaddata/FSSM%20Policy%20Report_23%20Feb_Artwork.pdf

http://www.swachhbharaturban.in:8080/sbm/content/writereaddata/FSSM%20Policy%20Report_23%20Feb_Artwork.pdf


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1.2 Rationale for the DPR preparation

The role of CSE in the FSSM is summarized below:

MoHUA identified CSE to support a total of 23 towns (including Katihar) so that they

become flagship towns in FSSM (D.O. MD-SBM/AA/62/2016 dated 30th May 2016,

Annexure 2)

During the City Sanitation Task Force Meeting (CSTF) in Katihar on 11th May, 2016, the

CSTF members requested CSE to carry out site assessment and prepare a detailed project

report (DPR) for the Faecal Sludge and Septage Treatment Plant (Letter no. 850 dated 7th

June 2017, Annexure 3)

During the state level meeting with Principal Secretary, UD & HD, Government of Bihar on

22nd May 2017, state government requested CSE to prepare DPR for the FSSTP in Katihar

(BGCMS/2016/34/01-370 dated 27th June 2017, Annexure 4)

Accordingly, CSE carried out the feasibility study along with the assessment of potential sites

for FSSTP and presented to the CSTF in Katihar on 29th July (MoM, dated 29th July 2017,

Annexure 5).

In this regard, ULB officials (Mayor, ward councilors and ULB engineers) from Katihar Municipal

Corporation (KMC) attended national (Bangalore, Mysore, and Delhi) and international (Malaysia)

exposure visits to successfully implemented FSSTP and also had first-hand interaction with the

technology provider, municipality and beneficiaries.

The DPR is prepared against the above background and submitted to Katihar Municipal Corporation

for their necessary action and perusal.

1.3 Scope of DPR

The DPR is for a pilot scale FSSTP of 15 KLD (Kiloliters per Day) capacity. The details are as

follows:

i. Current sanitation coverage and scenario in Katihar Municipal Corporation (KMC)

ii. Detailed assessment of potential sites for the proposed FSSTP

iii. Techno-economic feasibility for sustainable treatment of FSS


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2 About Katihar

Katihar City, the headquarters of Katihar district, is situated in the north-eastern plains of the state of

Bihar. The city has an area of 33.46 sq. km and lies 24 meters above mean sea level. The Katihar

Municipal Council was constituted in 1905 and transformed to Municipal Corporation in 2009. It is

well connected with the rest of the country with Katihar Railway Junction, a strategic railway station

connecting the north eastern part of the country. Katihar is surrounded by Purnea district (Bihar) in

north and west, Malda district and Uttar Dinajpur district (West Bengal) in East, Bhagalpur district

(Bihar) and Sahebganj district (Jharkhand) in South3.

2.1 Demographics

As per the Census of India 2011, Katihar Municipal Corporation [KMC], with a total population of

240,838, is administratively divided into 45 wards. Being an industrial town, KMC witnesses around

1.5 lakh floating population. Out of the total 145 colonies in the city, 10 are planned and the rest are

unplanned.

According to Census of India the population density of the city is 9,437 persons per sq.km which is

quite high as compared to population density of Bihar state i.e. 1,106 persons per sq.km. During the

post-independence period, commerce showed a phenomenal increase with the associated small scale

industrial development, which resulted in the increase of city population. Refer table below for

growth rate pattern:

Table 1: Population growth rate

Census Year Population Growth rate (%)

1991 1,35,436 26.53

2001 1,90,873 23.65

2011 226,261 27

Source: Census of India, 2011

2.2 Drainage

River Ganga, Kosi, and Righa are the main rivers in the region. River Ganga flows at about 25 km

from the Katihar city on the western side, while Kosi flows 30 km from the city on the eastern side.

Kosi River merges with Ganga at the south-west boundary of Katihar District. Katihar has alluvial

sandy soil, contributed by the deposition of sand silt by rivers and soils in southern and western part.

The ground water is available at 15 feet and the city experiences water logging during monsoon

season, mainly attributable to its anthropogenic characteristics. The railway line around the city poses

the hindrance to the free flow of water during monsoon season leading to the water logging in the city.

In order to prevent flooding situation, a town protection dam has been constructed in the east of the

city.

3 Status Assessment Report by Katihar Municipal Corporation (KMC), 2017


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2.3 Climate and rainfall

With warm and temperate climate, Katihar observes an annual mean temperature of 24.9°C with 8°C

and 43°C being minimum and maximum temperature respectively. When compared with winter, the

summers have much more rainfall and the city records 1281 mm annual rainfall, mainly JJAS [June,

July, August and September]. Its closeness to the Himalayas in the north, Jharkhand plateau in the

south and a multiple of rivers combined with excellent rainfall gives the city a climate which is

pleasant during most of the year.

Figure 1: Geographical location and administrative division of Katihar city (Source: Katihar SFD report)


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3 Sanitation coverage in Katihar

According to Census, 20114 Katihar city had a sanitation coverage of 74.1% while the recent survey

carried out by KMC (for 7 Nischay scheme of Bihar Government) revealed that the sanitation

coverage is only 49.6%. The difference could be attributed to the fact that Census data also included

public toilets, and other systems like night soil disposed in open drains, service latrines etc. while 7

Nischay does not consider these appropriate sanitation systems. The details of sanitation systems as

per Census 2011 are provided below in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Prevalent sanitation systems in Katihar City (Source: CSE, 2017)

3.1 Analysis of FSSM in Katihar

In order to analyze the existing FSSM practices of the city, CSE prepared an excreta flow diagram

(also known as shit flow diagram, SFD). SFD report5 was prepared on the basis of detailed survey

(household, key informant interviews, focused group Discussion with masons, desludgers, and

physical inspection of sanitation facilities) done in Katihar city.

As shown in the Figure 3, 72% of the population of Katihar depends on onsite sanitation systems

[OSS] and remaining population still practice open defecation. Overall, 98% of the excreta is not

being managed safely and is indiscriminately discharged in the local environment6. As the city moves

towards open defecation free status, percentage of population dependent on OSS would further

aggravate.

4 http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1010_PART_B_DCHB_KATIHAR.pdf (Accessed on 17 Dec.

2017)

5 Detailed report on Shit Flow of Katihar Municipal Corporation, (2017) prepared by CSE, New Delhi

6 http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Factsheet-Katihar.pdf (Accessed on 17 Dec 2017)

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1010_PART_B_DCHB_KATIHAR.pdf

http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Factsheet-Katihar.pdf


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Based on the income levels of the households, three types of OSS are prevalent in the city. Septic tank

with an outlet connected to open drain is the most common type of OSS within the central wards.

Most of the septic tanks are well designed with three separation chambers along with an outlet. Some

septic tanks are also connected to soak pits. The lower income settlements like slums and squatter

settlements are majorly dependent on pit latrines. Pits are constructed using concrete rings.

Desludging of the OSS is not scheduled as prescribed by Central Public Health and Environmental

Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) and is only carried out when containment is full or when there

is a back flow. The emptying service is provided by the municipal corporation, and there are no

private players in this business. A record is maintained on daily basis by the sanitary department for

emptying of septic tanks. Emptying service is only provided to households that pay property tax. The

corporation owns three tractor mounted vacuum tankers, two of 3,500 litres capacity and one of 9,000

litres capacity. The emptiers generally do three to four trips per day for which they travel a distance of

12-13 km per emptying trip. During the field surveys, no use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

by the emptiers, was observed during emptying process.

Table 2: Emptying service record maintained at KMC

Year

Amount

received (in

₹)

No of trips on

records

No of trips off

records Total trips

2014-15 2,42,060 322 150 472

2015-16 2,48,250 331 150 481

April 2016- Nov 16 1,67,000 223 100 323

Source: KMC, 2017

Additionally, manual scavenging is also practiced in areas where there are narrow lanes and

containments are inaccessible.

Currently, sewage and FSS generated in the city is not treated and the faecal sludge and septage

collected by the vacuum tankers is disposed of at an insanitary landfill at Udama Rakha in Ward 45.

Wastewater from 15 wards conveyed through major storm water drains, is also disposed at ward no.

45.


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Figure 3: Excreta Flow Diagram (SFD) of Katihar city (Source: CSE, 2017)


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3.2 Quantification of faecal sludge & septage generated in Katihar

Quantification of FSS is done using two methods; a) FSS collection method and b) FSS production

method,

3.2.1 Faecal sludge & septage collection method

According to Census, 2011, 33,879 households (HHs) in KMC have individual household toilets.

Assuming that as we approach towards the SBM deadline of October 2019, 39730 HHs will have

toilets connected to OSS like septic tanks. If emptying cycle of 3 years (according to CPHEEO) is

considered for HHs;

A total of 13244 [39730/3= 13244 HH per year] septic tanks would need desludging per

annum.

Based on 250 working days per year [13244/250 = 53], a total of 53 septic tanks would be

desludged per day.

Considering only 2 cum of FSS per septic tank, total FSS volume comes to 106 cum per day

[53*2=106].

Further, there will be 17 public/community toilets (PT/CT) including the ones constructed during

mission period. Assuming average volume of septic tank of PT/CT to be 10 cum and desludging

period to be of 6 months, a total of 1.2 cum of FSS would need desludging per day. With a 10% extra

load from non-residential properties, it is estimated that a total of 118 cum of FSS is generated per

day in the city that would need desludging.

3.2.2 Faecal sludge & septage production method

As per Census, 2011, population of the city is 2,40,838. If toilets construction as envisaged in SBM is

successfully implemented, everyone would have access to toilet and hence will contribute to FSS

generation either through individual toilet or PT/CT. Considering FSS generation rate of 120

litres/capita/year and three years of desludging frequency with 250 working days in a year, the FSS

production per day comes out to be 115.6 cum ((240838*120*3)/(250*3)). With a 10% extra load

from non-residential properties, it is estimated that a total of 127 cum of FSS is generated per day in

the city that would need desludging.


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4 Faecal sludge and septage treatment technologies

The first step for the treatment of FSS essentially comprises of solid- liquid separation where the total

suspended solids are separated from the FSS. The methods generally deployed for separation include

centrifuge, mechanical thickener, geobags and sludge drying beds. The separated wastewater/effluent

can be treated using aerobic and/or anaerobic principles similar to sewage treatment (up-flow

anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, anaerobic filter, sequential batch reactor, membrane bioreactor,

activated sludge process, oxidation ponds etc.). This can be followed by the nutrient removal in

planted horizontal or vertical gravel filter bed. The treated wastewater, depending upon the designated

end-use can be further treated using tertiary methods like chlorination, UV, ozonation or simply in a

maturation pond etc.

The next step for separated total solids is pathogen removal. The sludge can be further dried (with or

without the use of energy) to kill the pathogens. Pathogen removal can also be achieved through co-

composting with municipal solid waste. Depending upon various criteria like availability of land,

availability of financial resources and extent of the treatment level, number of combinations of the

above-mentioned technologies could be used for FSS treatment. The brief of such combinations and

their specifications are listed in Table 3.


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Table 3: Review of technologies

System

(combination)

Operation

Type

System

Life Applicability

Land

Requirement

Performance

of the System

[Reduction in

key pollutants]

Energy

Requirement CAPEX (in ₹) OPEX (in ₹)

Unplanted drying

bed (UDB) +

Waste Stabilisation

Pond (WSP) + Co-

composting

followed by

Chlorination, if

deemed necessary

Decentralised UDB/WSP:

50 years

Ward/city/

cluster level

UDB depending

upon the FSS

load and WSP:

6,000 m2/MLD

of FSS

BOD: 75–

85%

COD: 74–

78%

TSS: 75–80%

Coliform:

60– 99.9%

WSP: 5.7

kWh/D/MLD

UDB:

30,000,000/MLD

WSP:

2,300,000/MLD

UDB:

5,000,000/MLD/year

WSP:

2,00,000/MLD/year

Anaerobic

Digestion (AD) +

Co-composting

followed by

Chlorination

Decentralised AD:

50 years Ward/city/

cluster level

AD:

600 m2/MLD

BOD: 60–

90%

COD: 60–

80%

TSS: 60–85%

AD:

60 kWh/d/MLD

AD:

50,000,000/MLD

AD:

30,00,000/MLD/year

Centrifugation +

Activated Sludge

Process (ASP) +

Vermi-composting

followed by

Ozonation

Decentralised ASP:

50 years

Ward/city/

cluster level

ASP:

900 m2/MLD

BOD: 85–

92%

COD: 93–

94%

TSS: 75–80%

Coliform by

60– 90%

ASP:

185.7

kWh/D/MLD

Centrifugation

20–300 kWh per

metric ton of

solid

ASP:

68,00,000/MLD

ASP:

7,00,000/MLD/year

Centrifugation +

Sequential Batch

Reactor + Co-

composting

followed by

Chlorination

Decentralised SBR:

50 years

Ward/city/

cluster level

SBR:

450 m2/MLD

BOD: 95%

COD: 90%

TSS: 95%

SBR:

153.7 kWh/D/

MLD

Centrifugation

20–300 kWh per

metric ton of

solid

SBR:

75,00,000/MLD

SBR:

6,00,000/MLD/year


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Centrifugation +

Membrane Bio

Reactor (MBR) +

Co-composting

followed by

Ozonation

Decentralised MBR:

50 years

Ward/city/

cluster level

MBR:

450 m2/MLD

BOD: 95%

COD: >90%

TSS: >90%

MBR:

302.5 kWh/D/

MLD

Centrifugation

20–300 kWh per

metric ton of

solid

MBR:

30,000,000 /MLD

MBR:

9,00,000 /MLD/year

ASP + reed bed +

Sludge Drying Bed

+ Co-composting

Networked

Sewer and

treatment

plant life:

50 year

Ward/city/

cluster level

ASP:

900 m2/MLD

BOD: 90–

95% COD:

85–90%

TSS: >90%

TN: >60%

Coliform:

90– 99.9%

ASP:

185.7

kWh/d/MLD

ASP:

68,00,000/MLD

ASP:

7,00,000/MLD/year

ABR+ Sludge

Drying Bed + Co-

composting

Networked

Treatment

plant life:

50 years

Ward/city/

cluster level

ABR:

1,000 m2/MLD

BOD: 70–

95%

TSS: 80–90%

Coliform:

20– 30%

ABR:

34 kWh/d/MLD

ABR:

5,00,00,000

₹/MLD

ABR:

30,00,000/MLD/year

AF+ Sludge

Drying Bed + Co-

composting

Networked

Treatment

plant:

50 years

Ward/city/

cluster level -----

BOD: 50–

90%

TSS: 50–80%

AF:

34 kWh/d/MLD

AF:

35,000 per KL

(for 10 KLD

plant)

---------

UASB+ Sludge

Drying Bed + Co-

composting

Networked >50 years Ward/city/

cluster level

UASB:

1,000 m2/MLD

BOD: 75–

85%

COD: 60–

80%

TSS: 75–80%

TN: 10–20%

UASB:

34 kWh/d/MLD

UASB:

68,00,000 /MLD

UASB:

6,00,000/MLD/year

MD + WSP + Decentralised ST: Ward/city/ WSP: BOD: 75– WSP: WSP: WSP:


Page | 13

Solar Drying +

Chlorination

50 years;

WSP:

50 years

cluster level 6,000m2/MLD 85%

COD: 74–

78%

TSS: 75–80%

TN: 70–90%

TP: 30–45%

Coliform:

60– 99.9%

5.7 kWh/d/MLD 23,00,000MLD 2,00,000/MLD/year

Geo-bags + WSP+

Chlorination Decentralised

Geobag:

6–12

months

Ward/city/

cluster level

WSP:

6,000m2/MLD

BOD: 75–

85%

COD: 74–

78%

TSS: 75–80%

TN, 70–90%

TP:30–45%

Coliform:

60– 99.9%

WSP:

5.7 kWh/d/MLD

WSP:

23,00,000/MLD

WSP:

2,00,000/MLD/year

ABR + CW +

Sludge Drying Bed

+ Co-composting +

Chlorination

Decentralised >50 years Ward/city/

cluster level

ABR:

1,000m2/MLD

BOD: 70–

95%

TSS: 80–90%

Coliform:

20– 30%

ABR:

34 kWh/d/MLD

ABR:

5,00,00,000 /MLD

ABR:

30,00,000/MLD/year

Source: Septage Management-A Practitioner’s Guide


Page | 14

5 Assumptions for this Detailed Project Report [DPR]

5.1 Estimation of capacity of FSSTP

This DPR aims to provide techno-economical details of a pilot scale FSS treatment plant. During the

discussions with the sanitary staff involved in operation of vacuum tankers and emptying of septic

tanks, it was informed that on an average, 12 cum of FSS is collected per day from septic tanks. Thus,

this DPR considers a volume of 15 cum FSS per day for the proposed pilot plant, so that the demand

in near future is also taken care of.

5.2 Faecal sludge and septage characteristics

The DPR of FSSTP is based on the following characteristics of FSS.

Table 4: Assumed physico-chemical characteristics of FSS

S. No Parameters Range Assumed value

1 BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 2,000 to 5000 mg/l 3,500 mg/l

2 COD (Chemical oxygen Demand) 10,000 to 25,000 mg/ l 17,500 mg/l

3 TS (Total Solid) 10,000 to 20,000 mg /l 15,000 mg/l


Page | 15

6 Legal framework and site selection for FSSTP

Following rules are applicable to the FSSTP:

• The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended

• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

• Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016

• Need to obtain Consent to Establishment and Consent to Operate (CtE and CtO respectively)

or No Objection Certificate (NoC)from SPCB/CPCB

Selection of a suitable site for the FSSTP warrants an integrated approach comprising of multiple

social, economic, technical and regulatory criteria. The ownership status of the land is an important

parameter as this would demand additional financial resources. Technical specifications like

availability of agricultural field/ water bodies for the discharge of treated wastewater/ sludge, the

ground water depth, geological formations etc. are also considered for selection of a suitable site.

Based on the compilation of the above information, a matrix was prepared to give score to potential

sites (four no.s) against predetermined key parameters (Maximum score: 100) as shown in Table 5.

Points accrued against each site was tabulated and the list of sites was prepared as per the points. Site

having the highest point was selected as 1st rank.

Shortlisted four sites were compared using the above methodology for assessing their suitability;

1. Chitoria (a total of 19 acre private land located 1.5 km in south of Katihar)

2. Bhasna Pul (a total of 15 acre private land located 3 km in north of Katihar)

3. Mania Pul (a total of 15 acre private land located 3 km in east of Katihar)

4. Durgapur sluice gate (a total of 2 acre private land located in the ward 10 of Katihar)

Annexure 6 shows location of the above mentioned/shortlisted sites. CSE team along with District

Collector, Mayor, Deputy Mayor and other officials of the Municipality visited the above sites. The

physical inspection of the site and surroundings, assessment of the land use of site and nearby lands,

and consultation with the local communities were also done at each site. All potential sites are owned

by private parties and KMC is willing to acquire the land as approved and endorsed by CSTF.

The exercise concluded that the land available near Mania Pul [near NH 84] was the most suitable

site. Thus, this DPR has been prepared for Mania Pul as the site for proposed pilot FSSTP.


Page | 16

Table 5: Scoring guide for the screening of sites for FSSTP

S. No. Parameters Maximum

Score Scoring method for FSSTP

1 Ownership of land 10 ULB owned land - 10; State government land - 8, private

land – 4, Under any dispute – 0

2 Availability of land 10 Immediately available - 10; Available in 1-3 months - 6

points. Available in > 3 months - 3

3 Distance from Residential

area/ Habitat 10

Within 100 m— 0; Within 100-500 m - 3; 500m - 1km - 7,

1-3 Km -10, 3-5 km; 7; > 5 Km- 3

4 Approach road 5

No approach road - 0; wide approach road through the

colony – 2; narrow road but not through the colony 4; Wide

road - 5

5 Visibility and impact 15

At prominent location where good public transportation is

available up to the site - 15; Good road with public transport

and use off display board can enhance the visibility - 10;

Good road but no visibility [interior area] - 5; Unreachable

to common people for demonstration-2

6 Reuse option for treated

effluent and dried manure 15

Chance of reuse of effluent for agriculture and manure for

agriculture - 15, partial reuse of effluent and demand of

manure expected- 10, Partial use (either effluent or manure]-

5, no chance of reuse of effluent but only for disposal and

reuse of manure-02

7 Disposal of treated

effluent 5

Under gravity- 5; Partial under gravity and pumping - 3;

Entire pumping – 0

8

Social acceptability. Is

there any chance of

problem for society?

10

No probability - 10, Issues may arise but involvement of

relevant stakeholders can address the issue - 5, Likely

chances of dispute – 0

9 Chances of flood in the

area 10

No history of flood - 10; No flood in recent years - 7;

Occasionally flooded site - 5, Flood prone –00

10 Is there any water body

adjacent to the site 10

Nearby water body (within 100 m)- 2 points, 100-200 m -

4; > 500 m- 1km – 10

Maximum Total 100

Source: CSE, 2017


Page | 17

7 Proposed FSSTP Modules

Processes proposed in this DPR include separation of floating and other materials from FSS through

screen chamber, dewatering in unplanted filter beds, composting of dewatered sludge and anaerobic

treatment of filtrate. Treatment of filtrate include modified DWWTs (anaerobic settling chambers,

modified ABR/ Anaerobic Filter chambers) followed by sand filter under gravity flow. The layout of

modules is given in Figure 4. The detailed layout of the FSSTP on proposed site is given in Annexure

7.

Figure 4: Layout of treatment modules

7.1 Grit / Screen chambers.

Grit chambers (Figure 5) are useful in segregating floating materials in FSS before it flows in filter

beds. The chamber uses two vertical screens, made from mild steel and coated with anti-corrosive

material, in series. The first screen has a gap of 3 cm between two consecutive bars and the second

screen has a gap of 1.5 cm. With a peak flow velocity of 15 cm/sec to 30 cm/sec the detention time in

the grit chamber is estimated to be of 30 to 60 seconds.

To make best use of the gravity it is proposed to have one grit chamber for every two unplanted

drying beds. As having one grit chamber feeding all the beds, would have led to increase in effective

depth of the last beds, and hence outlet of the effluent would have gone much deeper.

Characteristics of manual bar screen

• The screen is mounted at an angle of 45-700 from horizontal plain

• Bars are usually 1 cm thick and 2.5cm wide

• Minimum approach velocity in the bar screen channel is 0.45 m/s to prevent grit deposition.

• Maximum velocity between the bars is 0.9 m/s to prevent washout of solids through the bars.


Page | 18

A low velocity allows an increased removal of solids but involves a greater solids deposition in the

channel leading up to the beds, which should be avoided. Therefore, the flow velocity should reach, at

a minimum, the self-cleansing velocity (greater than 0.3 m/s for wastewater). The flow should also

not exceed 1 m/s in order to avoid coarse wastes being pulled through the bars due to the strength of

the flow. Area required for grit chamber will be 1 sq. m. The detailed design of grit chamber is

provided in Annexure 7.

Figure 5: Grit chamber (Source: Indiamart.com)

7.2 Drying Beds for dewatering

The natural method of dewatering include filtration of FSS through filter material in planted or

unplanted drying beds. Unplanted drying beds are shallow filters filled with sand and gravel with an

under-drain at the bottom to collect leachate. Sludge is discharged onto the surface of bed for

dewatering. The drying process in a drying bed is based on drainage of liquid through the sand and

gravel to the bottom of the bed, and evaporation of water from the surface of the bed. After filtration,

pollution loads of FSS along with pathogen count gets drastically reduced. Benefit of using drying

beds is minimal O&M cost. Effluent from the filter beds need further treatment for its intended end-

use.

FSS contains both free water and bond water. Free water can be removed easily under gravity through

filter material. Leachate percolates through sand and gravel. This process is significant for FSS that

contains large volumes of free water and is relatively fast, ranging from hours to days.

Bond water can be removed through evaporation and evapotranspiration. Evaporation is through sun

light while evapotranspiration takes place through plant leaves in case of planted filter bed. Plants

uptake such bond water and through transpiration release such water into atmosphere. This process

typically takes place over a period of days to weeks. There is water removal of 50 to 80% by volume

due to drainage, and 20 to 50% due to evaporation in drying beds.

The design as well as the operation of the drying bed is fairly straightforward, provided the sludge

loading rate is well selected and the inlet points for depositing the FSS onto the bed are adequately

designed. Depending on the FSS characteristics, a variable fraction of approximately 50-80% of the

sludge volume drains off as a liquid (or leachate), which needs to be collected and treated prior to

discharge. After reaching the desired extent of dryness, the sludge is removed from the bed manually

or mechanically. Further processing for stabilization and pathogen reduction may be required


Page | 19

depending on the intended end use option. When considering the installation of a drying bed, the ease

of operation and low cost needs to be considered against the relatively large footprint and odor

potential.

Figure 6: Unplanted drying bed (Source: FSM Book)

Climatic conditions affecting the operation of unplanted drying beds include the following:

• Humidity: High humidity reduces the contribution of evaporation to the drying process;

• Temperature: Higher temperatures, also in combination with relatively low humidity and high

wind, will enhance the total amount of water removed via evaporation;

• Rainfall: In locations where there is frequent rainfall that too for longer duration, a drying bed

may not be very effective. Pronounced rainy seasons can be accommodated for by not using

the beds in that period, or by covering them with a roof. Rainfall will rewet the sludge, hence

affecting drying period of the sludge.

The design of proposed sludge drying bed is provided in Annexure 7.

7.2.1 Sand and gravel layers

Layers of sand and gravel are applied on top of the drainage system. When constructing drying beds,

it is essential to use washed sand and gravel in order to prevent clogging of the bed from fine

particles. The gravel layers function as a support and there are typically two or three layers with two

different diameters of gravel. The lower layer usually contains coarser gravel with a diameter of

around 20-40 mm and the intermediate layer contains finer gravel with a diameter of around 5-15 mm.

A sand layer is placed on top of the gravel. The sand layer enhances drainage and prevents clogging,

as it keeps the sludge from lodging in the pore spaces of the gravel. The diameter of the sand is crucial

as sand with a larger diameter (1.0-1.5 mm) can result in the relatively fast accumulation of organic

matter, thereby increasing the risk of clogging. This risk is reduced if sand with a smaller diameter

(0.1- 0.5 mm) is used (Manga et al., 2009)7. When selecting sand for the bed, it is important to note

that the sand will need to be replaced occasionally, as a certain amount of the sand is bound to the

sludge and will therefore be removed when the sludge is removed. It is therefore recommended that

the sand that is chosen must be easily available.

7 Manga M, Evans B E, Camargo-Valero M A, Horan N J (2016). Effect of filter media thickness on the

performance of sand drying beds used for FSS management. Water Science and Technology Available Online

26 September 2016, DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.451


Page | 20

The sand also needs to be replaced when there is a build-up of organic matter and the bed starts to

clog. Manga et al. (2009) observed a link between the rate of clogging and the rate of organic matter

build-up on the sand. As organic matter builds up faster on sand with larger particles, a bed filled with

larger diameter sand is more likely to clog. Cofie et al. (2006)8 had to replace the sand twice in a

series of 8 dewatering cycles over 10 months due to clogging in a pilot scale implementation.

7.2.2 Sludge removal

In order to remove the sludge effectively, it needs to be dry enough that it can be shoveled. The drying

time of a specific sludge type depends on a number of factors, one of which is the sludge dewatering

resistance. The higher the sludge dewatering resistance, the lower the drainage rate which leads to a

prolonged drainage time. Sludge is removed mechanically or manually, with shovels and wheel

barrows being the most common manual method.

7.3 Effect of Climatic conditions and hydrology

Ground water level: The design can be implemented even in areas having high ground water table.

Depth of the treatment chamber would be only 2 m for anaerobic settling chamber and 1.5 m for

facultative chambers. Treatment chambers of such depth can be easily constructed. Bottom of all the

chambers would have RCC. Therefore, there would be no chance of ground water pollution.

Rainfall pattern: Drying beds will have transparent waterproof shed and entire waste water treatment

system would be covered, except for maturation pond. No rain water will interfere with the treatment

system. Therefore, rainfall will not affect the system.

Wind direction: Wind direction does not have any effect on treatment system. However, for filter

beds, it may have positive effect on drying of sludge on sand filter beds.

7.4 Calculation of sludge loading rate, size and number of beds

7.4.1 Sludge loading rate

The sludge loading rate (SLR) is expressed in Kilogram Total Solids per sq.m per year [Kg TS/

m2/year]. It represents the mass of solids dried on one m

2 of bed in one year. The total amount of

sludge to be dried, sludge loading rate, bed surface area and loading depth can only be an estimate and

will vary with the local conditions. However, a range of sludge loading rates which typically vary

between 100 and 200 Kg TS/m2/year in tropical climates, with 100 for poorer conditions and 200 for

optimal conditions is generally observed. Optimal conditions comprise a low humidity, high

temperature, a low amount of precipitation, and stabilized sludge. In Katihar, rainy season is for

longer period and hence a loading rate of 150 kg TS / m2 is taken into consideration.

8 Cofie, O. and Adamtey, N. (2009). Nutrient Recovery from Human Excreta for urban and peri-urban Agriculture.

SuSanA Food Security Working Group meeting during the WEDC international conference in Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia.


Page | 21

7.4.2 Size and number of beds

Assumptions

C = Average Total Solid of sludge = 20 g/ l

Q = Incoming FSS per day = 15 cum

T = No. of delivery days in a year =250 days

M = Sludge load in Kg TS / year= C.Q.T. = 20 X 15 X 250 = 75,000 Kg / Year

Total area required for drying beds = 75,000 / 150 = 500 m2

Assumed height of the total sludge = 0.3 m

Area required for a drying bed for one day loading = 15/ 0.3 = 50 m2 i.e., 10 m X 5 m

No. of required beds- 500 / 50 = 10 nos.

7.4.3 Loading frequency of an unplanted drying bed

Optimization of loading frequency on filter beds is an important factor for smooth functioning of

drying beds and for improved quality of dried sludge. To determine optimum loading frequency, two

factors are to be considered; (i) total load of sludge in a bed should not be more than the designed

capacity of loading in a year (in the present case it is 150 kg TS/ m2

/ year and (ii) there should be

sufficient time for sludge drying and also for removal of dried sludge / manure. For TS of FSS of 20

g/ l, a bed area of 50 m2 can be loaded for 25 days in a year.

Each bed of 10m x 5m area is meant to take total load 15 cum of FSS for a day. All 10 beds will be

grouped in 2 sets. In the 1st cycle, loading from bed no.1 to 5 will be done in sequence for 2 weeks.

Thus, each bed shall get time of at-least six days before next loading, i.e., a total of 14 days will be

required to complete the first cycle. It should help percolate maximum liquid part of the septage and

allowing the rest to evaporate. After two weeks, the 2nd

cycle of loading will start for the 2nd

set of

beds nos. 6-10 in sequence for another two weeks. Thereafter, 3rd

cycle will start for the 1st set of beds

for subsequent two weeks. Similarly, the 4th cycle of loading for the 2

nd set (no. 6-10) will follow for

two weeks.

Since there would be 26 such cycles, thus total number of possible days of loading in a year would be

260. Here, number of working days in year is taken 250. Thus the cycles will be completed 10 days

earlier. By the time the 2nd

cycle will be completed (in 14 days), sludge from the 1st set of beds will be

sundried and excavated / removed.

7.5 Anaerobic treatment of filtrate

The basic design for treatment of filtrate consists of:

i. Anaerobic Settling Chamber/Tank: Filtrate from filter beds is given retention time of one day

in an anaerobic settling tank for settling and digestion.

ii. Facultative Chamber/Tank: The filtrate from settler is treated in facultative tank (modified

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor with filter).

iii. Maturation Chamber/Tank: Treated filtrate from facultative chamber is polished in maturation

chamber, sand filter and then stored in water tank. The overflow is discharged to storm water

drain .


Page | 22

7.5.1 Anaerobic settling chamber

Leachate from unplanted drying beds is low in organic matter compared to domestic wastewater and

direct discharge into the facultative tank might be possible as the solid fraction is relatively low.

However, the ammonia concentration can still cause a problem. Therefore, a settling tank to make

solids settle before flowing into facultative tank is needed.

Size of tank—For 15 cum volume of FSS, a size of 2 m X 4 m X 2.5 m will solve the purpose. This

would remove 30-40 % of BOD and produce limited odor when loaded with 250–350 gm BOD /m3

/day.

7.5.2 Facultative tank [Modified Anaerobic Baffle Reactor]

In facultative tank (or modified ABR) coir ropes and used plastic bottles are used as substratum for

bacterial growth. Principle of ABR technology is based on increasing HRT (Hydraulic Retention

Time) by letting wastewater flow through baffle chambers. The upward and downward flow is

maintained through PVC pipes in the chamber. Further, for the growth of bacteria, stones are used in

the chambers.

Proposed Modifications: Instead of vertical spiral flow through PVC pipes, horizontal flow through

chambers has been proposed. Horizontal spiral flow of waste water will take more time to flow from

one chamber to another than vertical spiral flow, resulting in more settling time and consequently

bacterial action with no turbulence in flow. Further, cost of the system will also be lower as no PVC

piping would be required. Instead of stones in chambers as filter media, thick coir ropes and/or plastic

bottles will be used. In such case media will be used without affecting HRT. In case of stones, HRT is

reduced, depending on the volume occupied by stones. Coir ropes have very rough surface area with

much longer life in waste water due to its lignin content. Several such ropes of length of 1.2- 1.4 m

can be tied together with a stone and can be put into the chamber. Thus, coir ropes will remain

submerged floating, hence providing more space for bacterial growth. Similarly used plastic bottles

with bottom cut can be used as beads to make a string. Length of the string should be 1.2 -1.4 meters

from the bottom. Such strings should be tied with a stone or brick and put in the chambers. Thus,

bottles will be submerged and float under the water and act as growth media for the bacteria. Length

of the string should be lower than the water column height to avoid it flow on water surface. Number

of such bottles should not be less than 50 per sq. m.

Number of such facultative spiral chambers would be 4 followed by one maturation chamber. Total

retention time in the facultative chambers would be of 14 days. Depth of facultative and maturation

chamber would be of 1.5 m each. The design of proposed ABR is given in Annexure 7.

Whole system will be covered with slab so that bacterial biomass is not flushed away during rains. In

case of covered chambers, the condition would be anaerobic and not facultative. Effluent from the last

chamber will be filtered through sand under gravity. Treated effluent after sand filter will be suitable

for use in horticulture/agriculture.

Advantages of the proposed modification of technology

• Under the proposed technology waste water will flow horizontally and spirally from one

chamber to another, taking much longer time without any turbulence. Therefore, effective

HRT will increase and there would be more settling of solid materials in the chambers.


Page | 23

• Coir ropes have a rough surface and does not degrade in waste water for years. Number

of such strings should not be less than 50/m2. Higher number will help in increasing

efficiency.

• Since such growth media would be throughout the water column, it would help increase

growth and multiplication of bacteria without affecting HRT.

• Removal of such growth media, when required, would be very easy as ropes/ bottles with

strings can be easily pulled out.

Advantages of the anaerobic system

i. There is no or very low recurring / O&M cost of the system

ii. Design can uptake higher organic load without affecting the function of the system

iii. Quality of final effluent will meet the norms of CPCB as per the notification of the gazette of

MoEF&CC

Limitation

• Land requirement is slightly more than aerobic condition, but much less than the technologies

reviewed elsewhere in this document.

7.6 Land requirement for 15 cum FSS treatment facility

Land requirement for treatment of FSS of 15 cum per day will be around 1000 sqm. Including

approach road, office area, compost unit, operator room, parking area, wash area, drainage network

etc. it comes out to be around 1500 sqm. The total area of the site is around 4000 sqm. Hence 2,500

sqm area would be used for landscaping and internal pathways including staircases.


Page | 24

8 Operation and maintenance

For the proper operation and maintenance different components need to be checked properly as per

the following table.

Table 6: Operation & maintenance

S.

No.

Activities Frequency Details of duty Responsibility

1 Loading of FSS in

grit chamber and

eventually drying

beds

On working days

(preferably 5 days in

a week)

Putting FSS in grit chamber in

regulated way, not once. Loading

sequence to be followed.

Vacuum truck

operators and

supervisor of the site

2 Removal of floating

materials and other

wastes from grit

chamber

Once a week Floating material and debris from

grit chamber should be removed

weekly

Site supervisor

3 Cleaning of the

office and site

Daily Site should be kept clean, there

should be no obstacle on the

approach road

Site supervisor

4 Checking of

inspection chambers

Daily To check if the drain is not choked

and water is flowing freely.

Site supervisor

5 Sludge removal from

drying beds

14th

day of last

loading on the bed

Dried sludge to be removed from

drying beds when moisture contents

is around 25%

Operator

6 Sand loading in filter

beds

After every sludge

removal

During removal of sludge, sand layer

is lost. Sand layer of 100 mm needs

to be maintained through putting

fresh sand on filter beds.

Operator

7 Desludging of

settling tank and

septic tank

Once in two years Desludging of settling tank and

septic tank to be done and septage to

be unloaded on drying beds

Operator

8 Analyses of treated

effluent and

composted sludge

After 4 months of

operation on

monthly basis

Analyses of different physico-

chemical and microbiological

parameters for samples from

different points of the system.

ULB to outsource it

to a recognized

laboratory

9 Checking final

effluent

Daily To check disposal point of effluent. Operator

10 Composted sludge to

be sold

Post 4 months of

operation the

compost can be sold

every week

Proper monitoring of the compost

produced and sold on weekly basis

Operator

11 Sand replaced in

final sand filter

Once in two years Backwash should be done as and

when required and sand should be

replaced once in two years

Operator

12 Desilting of storm

water drain

Pre and post

monsoon

The storm water drain should be

cleaned twice in a year

Operator

Cost of operation and maintenance for 5 years has been tabulated in Annexure 9. For operation and

maintenance, the major cost is the salary of the workers and minimal expenditure on consumables and

electricity. Operation and maintenance cost for five years comes to be ₹ 15.85 lakhs.


Page | 25

9 Cost estimation

Approximate cost of the 15 KLD FSSTP including design, construction, operation & maintenance of

the system and conducting IEC activities in the city for five years would be around ₹ 1.97 crores

(Refer Table 7). The detailed estimates of CAPEX, OPEX and IEC expenditures are provided in

Annexure 8, Annexure 9 and Annexure 10 respectively.

Table 7: Cost estimate of the FSSTP

S. No. Description No. Amount (in ₹)

1 CAPEX

A Technical modules

Screen & grit chambers and sludge drying beds 10 3703000

Anaerobic settling chamber with facultative & maturation ponds 1,4 1910000

Sand filter 1 185000

Composting unit 1 555000

B Other civil, electrical and mechanical works

Site preparation Lumpsum 25000

Operator's house Lumpsum 480000

Office Lumpsum 2025000

Parking area Lumpsum 70000

Boundary wall Lumpsum 2025000

Tools list

53000

Street lighting and other electrical works Lumpsum 250000

Road Lumpsum 1125000

Storm water drain with covers Lumpsum 670000

Additional Works Lumpsum 1895000

Sub-total

14971000

Centage @4% 598840

Contingencies @1% 149710

Total CAPEX 15719550

2 OPEX

Operation and maintenance cost for five years, majorly including

salary of the workers and minimal expenditure on consumables

and electricity

Lumpsum 1585856

3 IEC expenditure

Trainings of engineers/officials, FSSTP opeartors, desludgers and

public participation & awareness for a period of five years Lumpsum 2400000

Total Cost 19705406


Page | 26

10 Resource recovery and sustainability

10.1 Reuse / disposal of treated effluent

Treated effluent will be reused for horticulture/agriculture on site and excess water can be sold or

disposed in the open drain to the nearby water body. The treated FSS can be stored in sludge storage

yard and ULB can arrange for selling it to farmers through tender or mutually agreed terms and

condition. To improve the quality of compost, co-composting of FSS with municipal solid waste can

be considered in future. The space provided for composting and storing FSS is large enough to

consider co-composting. MoHUA, Government of India has fixed the price for manure from

municipal solid waste @ ₹ 1500 / ton. However, cost of manure from FSS in market is much higher

[₹ 3000- 4000 / ton].

10.2 Proposed bussiness model

There can be two sources of revenue for this project; a) Emptying fees charged to the user, b)

Revenue generated by selling the compost and/or treated effluent. Compost from FSS will have good

market value as compared to sludge from sewage treatment plant.

For increasing demand of compost from the local farmers, ULB should demonstrate the increase in

productivity of crops and vegetables by using the compost and treated water onsite and nearby fields.

In the present pilot scale plant of 15 cum FSS treatment, following is the calculated income generation

from compost:

Each unplanted drying bed is of 50 m2 loaded with 150 kg TS/m

2 of FSS per year.

Total FSS loaded in a year per bed = 150 x 50 = 7500 kg

Total FSS loaded on 10 beds = 75000 kg

Since dry FSS / compost contains 25 % moisture, total weight would be =100000 kg.

Assume 10 % loss during filtration and handling, Net compost available = 90000 kg (90 tons)

At conservative side, selling price at the site is assumed ₹ 3000 / ton (₹ 3 / kg)

Selling price of total compost = 90 X 3000 = ₹ 2,70,000 per year

Revenue generated from desludging is around ₹ 65,000/- per month. Considering 4 trips/day of

smaller tankers (3000 liters) and 2 trips of bigger tanker (9000 liters) in one month. Desludging fees

for smaller tanker is taken ₹ 750/trip and for that of bigger tanker is taken as ₹ 2,500/trip as per KII

done with sanitary inspector. Total revenue possible from desludging = ₹ 7,80,000 per year.

Total Revenue = Resource recovery from compost + Desludging revenue

= 2,70,000 + 7,80,000

= ₹ 10,50,000

The cost of maintenance of tankers comes out to be ₹ 60,000/- in one year

The cost of fuel for all tankers comes out to be ₹ 10,000 per month, i.e. ₹ 1,20,000 in one year

The salary of drivers and labor working in desludging operations comes out to be ₹ 45,000 per month,

i.e. ₹ 5,40,000 in one year.

The cost of operation and maintenance of the site comes out to be ₹ 2,82,000 in first year.

Total Expenditure = 60,000 + 1,20,000 + 5,40,000 + 2,87,000

= 10,07,000/-


Page | 27

Thus, it is expected to generate surplus revenue of ₹ 43,000/- in first year. As the expenditure is going

to increase due to inflation, the desludging fees and selling price of compost should be adjusted

accordingly every year.


Page | 28

11 Way forward

Structural drawings shall be prepared by the contractor based on the designs proposed in the DPR

before implementation of the same. Refer Table 8 for proposed milestones and timeline for

implementing FSSM in Katihar city for improving citywide sanitation.

The city produces around 12 KL of septage per day based on the current demand. But if the OSS are

timely desludged, the city shall produce 120 KL of FSS each day (assuming everyone will have

access to toilet), as discussed in section 3.

Therefore, once the treatment plant is up and running the KMC should try scheduled desludging in

one or two wards, by providing 1st desludging at a nominal cost and properly monitoring the date and

volume of septage desludged from each property. In three years each property should have been

desludged once, and the cycle can continue. For economic viability the ward close to the treatment

plant should be selected and a nominal sanitation fee of ₹ 25/month can be charged to each household

either through water bill or through property tax etc. Once the model is successful, it can be replicated

for the whole city with more trucks and treatment facilities of cumulative capacities of 105 KLD.


Page | 29

Table 8: Milestones and timeline

Actions 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

A10

A1 DPR preparation and approval from concerned authority

A2 Awarding the tender to an eligible contractor

A3 Completion of work and commissioning of the plant with reuse, for safe treatment of all the collected FSS

A4 Regulating & licensing of the private desludgers

A5

Frame and enforce bye-laws for:

1. Disposal of FSS in FSSTP only by all desludgers

2. Imposing and collection of sanitation charge (minimm of ₹25) from each household (initially in the selected ward for pilot study)

A6 Capacity building programme for ULB, service providers, masons, operators etc.

A7 Ensure enforcement of 'The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013' and provisions for penalising the

defaulters

A8 Implement pilot-scale scheduled desludging in the selected ward

A9 Evaluation of pilot study and formulation of city FSSM strategy

A10 Implementation of the city FSSM strategy


Page | 30

12 Annexures

Annexure 1


Page | 31

Annexure 2


Page | 32


Page | 33

Annexure 3


Page | 34

Annexure 4


Page | 35

Annexure 5


Page | 36


Page | 37


Page | 38


Page | 39

Annexure 6

Figure 7: Map showing the shortlisted sites in Katihar for FSSTP


Page | 40

Figure 8: Google image and pictures of Chitoria site


Page | 41

Figure 9: Google image and pictures of land available at Bhasna Pul


Page | 42

Figure 10: Google image and pictures of land available at Durgapur Sluice Gate


Page | 43

Figure 11: Google image and pictures of land available at Mania Pul

Sludge Drying Bed

(SDB) 1

10,000 X 5,000

Anaerobic

settling

chamber

Truck parking

1 2 3

Car parking

1

2

900 mm

Stormwater drain

Storm

water drain

Stormwater drain Stormwater drain

Road: 5 Meter width

Road: 5 Meter width

Road: 5 Meter width

Wash area

SDB 2

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 3

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 4

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 5

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 6

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 7

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 8

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 9

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 10

10,000 X 5,000

Maturation pond

Road: 3.6 Meter width

Slope: 1: 50

4 Facultative pond

Composting unit

82270

39040

14214

5830

15920

5460

Office

Guard Room

74297

1000

1000

1000

12019

16268

7717

31513

10267

50001000

1000

2000

2000

1000

2000

3000

Sand Filter

Storage tank

Entry gate

Exit gate

7000

5460

5000

52030

500050005781 5000 5939 3520

5000

12349

13160

11360

2860

14111

3296

23642053513834 3000 3500 10500 3296 546050005781

1000

1000

6972

6960

180

5000

1000

2860

150

10267

3000

3001

57250

11

30

0

2054

14214

Gate

41175

1000

Green area at Level 0.0

Green area at level : -1355

Green area at level : -2613Road

Semi -paved area Trees: Native

Shrub

Trees (Medium height)

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Landscape

plan

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:250

PROJECT NAME:

Faecal sludge and septage

treatment plant for Katihar,

Bihar

1

PAGE NO:

44

Sludge Drying Bed

(SDB) 1

10,000 X 5,000

47

50

60

0

63

0

90

40

75

0

40

0

Anaerobic

settling

chamber

Truck parking

1 2 3

Car parking

1

2

Meeting room

Office room

store

Pantry

Toilet 1

Toilet 2

W.B

W.C

44

54

0

74297

17

60

1100 mm

14

11

1

900 mm

29

42

9

11

36

0

72

13

12019

Stormwater drain

Sto

rm

wa

te

r d

ra

in

Stormwater drain Stormwater drain

Road: 5 Meter width

Road: 5 Meter width

Road: 5 Meter width

3000

3500

70

00

14000

50

00

10000

35

00

3500

24

25

2000

2500

1500

Septic Tank

Wash area

15

00

Porch/ Veranda

30

00

10190

26

35

22

50

2000

20

00

50

00

5000

SDB 2

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 3

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 4

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 5

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 6

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 7

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 8

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 9

10,000 X 5,000

SDB 10

10,000 X 5,000

Composting unit

50

00

5600

5600

5600

50

00

50

00

20

54

2575

FP 2

FP 3

FP 4

Maturation pond

Slope: 1:50

Facultative pond (FP 1)

2000

1000

42000 39270 1000

19

70

0

48

86

Entry gate

Exit gate

Level 0.0

Level 0.0

Level 0.0

Level 0.0

Level 0.0

Level : -1355

Level : -1355

Level : -1355

Level 0.0

Level : -2613

Level : -2613

Level 0.0

Level 0.0

Gate

2575

50

0

16

27

10

80

Site plan

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Site plan

PAGE NO:SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:250

PROJECT NAME:



Bihar

2 45

1

1 1

300 mm sludge layer

150 mm sand layer d: 0.2-0.6mm

100 mm gravel layer d: 7-15mm

200 mm gravel layer d:15-30mm

200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC

Facultative pond-1

Facultative pond-2 Facultative pond-3

Facultative pond-4

10.0 x 3.5 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

Maturation pond

3.0 x 2.0 x (2.5 + 0.3 m)

Anaerobic

settling

chamber

Manhole Manhole

Manhole Manhole

100 mm thk PCC

150 mm thk RCC

100 mm thk PCC

150 mm thk RCC

Filter media: coir and used plastic bottle media (50 per sqm )

To drain

100 mm dia P.V.C

outlet pipe

100 mm thk PCC

150 mm thk PCC

LVL 2: -1230

LVL 3: -2488

LVL 2: -1230

LVL 3: -2488

LVL 1: 0.0

1322

1500

1283

2500

3250

3050

2050

1358

2616

3681

2423

Hydraulic profile

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Hydraulic

profile

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:150

PROJECT NAME:



Bihar

3

Screen Chamber Sludge Drying Bed

Inspection Chamber

Modified Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Maturation pond

Storage tank

Sand Filter

PAGE NO:

46

75 mm thk MS

coated manhole

Inlet 6"

dia pipe

1065

LVL:0.0

1000

Inlet

Outlet

Screen vertical with

30mm opening

1000

1000

AA'

230

B

B'

75 mm thk MS

coated manhole

1065

624

1411

639

Outlet for grit

100 mm thk PCC

200 mm thk RCC

Inlet

150 mm

dia pipe

G.L: 0.0

360

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Screen chamber

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:30

PROJECT NAME:

Faecal sludge treatment and septage

plant for Katihar Bihar

4

PlanSection AA'

Section BB'

Screen chambers

NOTES:

· ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM, UNLESS MENTIONED

OTHERWISE

· ALL INTERNAL DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE CLEAR

· THIS DRAWING DOES NOT INDICATE ANY STRUCTURAL

DETAILS

· THIS IS THE PROPERTY OF CSE AND SHOULD NOT BE COPIED

OR PRODUCED ANYWHERE WITHOUT CSE'S PERMISSION

· USE UPVC PIPES (100 MM AND 150 MM DIAMETER)WHICH CAN BE

WITHSTAND PRESSURE OF 4KG/ CM2

· GRADE OF CONCRETE PROPOSED (M10 AND M30) FOR ALL RCC

ELEMENTS. I TIS RECOMMENDED TO USE SULPHATE RESISTANT

CEMENT (SRC).

· PLASTERING OF 12MM THICKNESS TO BE PROVIDED FOR ALL

BRICK MASONRIES ON BOTH SIDES OF WALL WITH SPECIFIED

WATER PROOFING AGENT ADDED.

PAGE NO:

47

968

993

Inlet to SDBInlet to SDB

300 mm sludge layer




200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC

100

525

200

100

150

300

500

1250

1250

1375

Slope: 1:20 Slope: 1:20

525

100

Level: -1358 Level: -1358


200 mm RCC



300 mm sludge layer

100 mm PCC

167

1108

500


1

1 1

300 mm sludge layer



200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC100

400

325

100

150

300

500

Level: -1358Level: -1358

1226

100

282

200

525

100

150

300

500

33

1575

Inlet to SDB

5050

AA'

B

5000 5000

B'

Inlet to SDB

46

50

10

00

0

10

00

0

46

50

2550

SDB 2

Inlet to SDB

2550

Screen chamber

SDB 1

40

0

Slab

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Sludge Drying Bed

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

Plan 1:100

PROJECT NAME:


plant for Katihar, Bihar

5

Sections 1:50

Plan

Section BB'

Section AA'

Sludge Drying Beds

PAGE NO:

48

1283

1500

Inlet from SDB 7 to 10

Inlet from SDB 1 to 6

Inlet from septic tank

200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC

Outlet to modified ABR

1000


75

0

600600

4550

5700

1000

1000

1000

4092

5242

4092

5241

4092

1900

1888

4092

5242

4092


608

458

280

180

758

1183

986

786

508

330

180

330

508

677

886

1136

804

608

458

280

750

130

Level: -1358 Level: -1358

Inlet from SDB 1

Outlet to inspection

chamber of SDB 2

200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Inspection chambers

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:30

PROJECT NAME:

Faecal sludgeand septage treatment


6

Plan

Detailed section B

Sections

Detailed section A

Detailed section B

Detailed section A

Inspection chambers

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).




PAGE NO:

49

18

0

R.C

.C

W

all

To sand filter

180

200

18

0

20

0

A'

20

0

4 m

m d

ia

p

ip

e

Manhole

Manhole

ManholeManhole

10.0 x 2.4 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

10.0 x 2.4 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

10.0 x 2.4 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

Facultative pond (FP 1)

3.0 x 2.0 x (2.5 + 0.3 m)

Anaerobic

settling

chamber

10.0 x 3.5 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

FP 2

FP 3

FP 4

Maturation pond

10.0 x 2.4 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

A

Facultative pond-1

Facultative pond-2 Facultative pond-3Facultative pond-4

10.0 x 3.5 x (1.5 + 0.3 m)

Maturation pond

3.0 x 2.0 x (2.5 + 0.3 m)

Anaerobic

settling

chamber

Manhole Manhole

Manhole Manhole

300

2500

300

1500

300

1500

Filter media: coir and used plastic bottle media (50 per sqm )

2400

3500

250

3050

2050

Level: - 2616 Level: - 2616

Inlet from

inspection chamber

200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Modified ABR with maturation

pond

N

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1: 70

PROJECT NAME:



7

Plan

Section AA'

Modified ABR with

maturation pond

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).

Plan

PAGE NO:

50

A

A'

Manhole

Manhole

2000

10

00

4000

10

00

To drain

100 mm dia P.V.C

outlet pipe

4000

2000

180

25

00

32

50

200 mm RCC

100 mm PCC

Manhole Manhole

Sand layer d: 3- 6 mm

Gravel layer d: 30-50 mm

70

03

00

10

50

Inlet from

maturation pond

Level: - 2616 Level: - 2616

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Sand filter and storage tank

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:30

PROJECT NAME:

Faecal sludge and septage treatment


8

Plan

Section AA'

Sand filter and

storage tank

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).

PAGE NO:

51

Meeting room

Office room

store

Pantry

Toilet 1

Toilet 2

W.B

W.C

5000

10000

3500

3500

2115

2425

2425

2000

2425

2500

1500

Wash area

1500

Porch/ Veranda

3000

10190

AA'

A

A

Meeting room

Office room store

Toilet 1

W.C

30

00

LVL: 0.0

2100

450

15075

Office room

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Office

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:100

PROJECT NAME:



9

Plan

Section AA'

Section AA

Office

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).




PAGE NO:

52

B15920

RCC column300X300mm size

5000




5000 5000

230mm thkBBM wall

A



RCC column300X300mm size B


A'

5600 58

30


RCC column300X300mm size RCC column

300X300mm size


BBM wall230mm thk

LVL: 0.0

100mm thkPCC 1:3:6

5000

CC finish75mm thk

5000 5000

1500

1500

1500

1500

12

00

RCC column300X300mmsize

5600LVL 0.0

BBM wall230mm thk

3500

3000

1500

500

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Composting Unit

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:100

PROJECT NAME:



10

Plan

Section AA'

Section BB'

Composting unit

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).

PAGE NO:

53

2635

2250

2000

2000

5000

5000

Bed

Kitchen Slab

D

W

A

A

450

LVL: 0.0

B1230

2000

150

125

75

LVL: 0.0

3000

75°

LADDER

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Operator room

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:50

PROJECT NAME:


plant for Katihar city, Bihar

11

Plan

Section AA'

Operator room

Elevation

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).




PAGE NO:

54

1000

425

1500

425

2000

Inlet from office,

operator room and

wash area

Outlet to

inspection

chamber

1500

150

350

150

Opening

17

00

10

00

T-pipe

2000

20

00

1000

First chamber

Second

Chamber

Manhole

15

0LVL:0.0

15

50

LVL:0.0

Inlet

Outlet

CENTRE FOR SCIENCE

AND ENVIRONMENT

TITLE:

Septic tank

SITE PLAN

SHEET NO: SCALE:

1:40

PROJECT NAME:


plant for Katihar city, Bihar

12

Plan

Septic tank section

Septic tank

NOTES:


OTHERWISE



DETAILS







CEMENT (SRC).

PAGE NO:

55


Page | 56

Annexure 8

Screen & Grit Chambers and Sludge Drying Beds

S.No. Description Unit No. Quantity

(in Cum)

Rate (in

₹)*

Amount (in

₹)

Reference

(Code

No.)

1 Earthwork

Earth work in excavation in foundation, trenches etc. including dressing of sides and

ramming of bottoms, including getting out the excavated material, refilling after laying

pipe/ foundation and disposal of surplus excavated material at a lead upto 50m suitable

site as per direction of Engineer for following depths, below natural ground / Road top

level. In all types soils/ saturated soil such as moorum, sand, sandy silt, clay, black

cotton soil, kankar, etc.

1.1 from 0.0 to 1.5 mtr

Long Wall Cum 2 262.61

Short Wall Cum 15 305.92

Cum 568.54 230 130763.31 2.8.1

2 Plain Cement Concrete

Providing and laying in position cement concrete of specified grade

excluding the cost of centring and shuttering - All work upto plinth level : 1:3:6 (1

Cement : 3 coarse sand : 6 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size).

2.1 Long Wall Base Cum 2 17.22

2.2 Short Wall base Cum 15 20.00

Cum 37.22 3030.2 112770.41 21.1.5

3 Reinforced Cement Concrete

Reinforced cement concrete work in beams, suspended floors,

roofs having slope upto 15° landings, balconies, shelves, chajjas, lintels, bands,

plain window sills, staircases and spiral stair cases upto two stories excluding the cost

of centring, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement: M30 Grade

3.1 Long Wall Base Cum 15 84.42


Page | 57

3.2 Short Wall base Cum 10 50.29

3.3 Long Wall Cum 15 29.97

3.4 Short Wall Cum 10 20.28

Cum 184.96 6500 1202222.73

4 Reinforcement

Reinforcement for R.C.C. work at all levels including straightening, cutting, bending,

placing in position and binding all complete. Thermo-Mechanically Treated bars Kg 22194.88125 53 1176328.71 5.22.7

5 Centering / Shuttering

5.1

Centring and shuttering upto two stories or height upto 7.5 metre above plinth

level including strutting, propping etc. and removal of form for Foundations, footings,

bases of columns, etc. for mass concrete. :

Long Wall Base Sq.m 30 125.06

Short Wall base Sq.m 20 64.89

Sq.m 189.95 166.3 31588.69 4.3.1

5.2 Walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, buttresses, plinth

and string courses etc.

Long Wall Sq.m 30 399.66

Short Wall Sq.m 20 270.38

Sq.m 670.03 424 284093.25 4.3.2

6 Supply of Material

6.1 Stone Gravel

size 7 - 15 mm Cum 10 50.00 689 34450.00 297

Size15 - 30 mm Cum 10 180.00 563 101340.00 294

6.2 Sand Cum 10 75.00 204.4 15330.00 2.28

7 UPVC Pipes and Sockets

Providing, lowering, laying in trenches, aligning, fixing in position and jointing socketed

rubber gasket type ISI marked uPVC pipes of Class III (4 Kg/sqcm) suitable for

potable water with rubber ring joints (as per IS 4985-2000) of following outer dia


Page | 58

with all accessories (excluding specials) complete including all material, labour,

hydraulic testing and commissioning as per Technical Specifications and as per

direction of Engineer.

7.1 U-PVC pipes (working pressure 4 kg/cm2 ) Single socketed pipe 100 mm dia. Rm 1 119.66323 134.23 16062.40 7189

7.2 UPVC single equal Tee (without door) 110x110x110 mm No. 5 5 133.2 666.00 7197

7.3 UPVC bend 87.50 110 mm bend No. 21 21 98.85 2075.85 7209

8 Screen and Inspection Chambers

8.1

Constructing masonry Chamber 120x120x100 cm inside, in brick work in cement mortar

1:4 (1 cement : 4 coarse sand) with chained lid and RCC top slab 1:2:4 mix (1 cement : 2

coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) , i/c necessary excavation,

foundation concrete 1:5:10 (1 cement : 5 fine sand : 10 graded stone aggregate 40 mm

nominal size) and inside plastering with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand) 12

mm thick, finished with a floating coat of neat cement complete as per standard design :

With common burnt clay F.P.S.(non modular) bricks of class designation 100A

No. 10 10 10000 100000.00

8.2

Constructing masonry Chamber 60x60x75 cm, inside in brick work in cement mortar 1:4

(1 cement : 4 coarse sand) with chained lid and RCC top slab 1:2:4 mix (1 cement : 2

coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) , i/c necessary excavation,

foundation concrete 1:5:10 (1 cement : 5 fine sand:10 graded stone aggregate 40 mm

nominal size) and inside plastering with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand)12

mm thick, finished with a floating coat of neat cement complete as per standard design :

With common burnt clay F.P.S.(non modular) bricks of class designation 100A

No. 6 6 5917.1 35502.60

8.3

Providing and fixing mild steel grill work for screening of wastewater as per drawing

including fixtures, necessary welding and painting with one coat of zinc chromite primer

and two coats of epoxy painting complete.(As per instruction of site engineer)

Weld grill with vertical sloping 10mm thick and 25mm wide bars placed at a distance of

3cm and dimensions of 1000mm x 1410mm No. 5 5 4000 20000.00

Weld grill with vertical sloping 10mm thick and 25mm wide bars placed at a distance of

3cm and dimensions of 1000mm x 640mm No. 5 5 2000 10000.00

9 Core Cutting

Cutting holes up to 15x15 cm in R.C.C. floors and roofs for passing drain pipe etc. and

repairing the hole after insertion of drain pipe etc. with cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement :

2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size), including finishing

No 45 45.00 138.5 6232.50 18.77


Page | 59

complete so as to make it leak proof.

10 Water proofing

Providing and laying water proofing treatment to vertical and horizontal surfaces of

depressed portions of W.C. kitchen and the like consisting of: (i) Ist course of applying

cement slurry @ 4.4 kg/sqm mixed with water proofing compound conforming tc IS 2645

in recommended proportions. (ii) IInd course of 20 mm cement plaster 1:3 (1

cement:3coarse sand)mixed with water proofing compound in recommended proportion,

(iii) IIIrd course of applying blown or/residual bitumen aplied hot at 1.7 kg. per sqm of

area, (iv) IVth course of 400 micron thick PVC sheet.(Overlaps at joints of PVC sheet

should be 100 mm wide and pasted to each other with bitumen @ 1.7 kg/sqni).

Horizontal surfaces Sq.m 10 503.103

Vertical surfaces Sq.m 20 59.697

Sq.m 20 52.563

Sq.m 615.363 138.9 85473.92 22.3

11 Damping of splashes from inlet pipe

Fixing glazed/ Ceramic/ Vitrified floor tiles with cement based high polymer modified

quick-set tile adhesive (Water based) conforming to IS: 15477, in average 3 mm

thickness.

Sq.m 10 3.721 359.4 1337.33 11.43

Total Cost 3366237.69

Add 10% enhancement on SOR 2016 Items (Except Market Rate Item) 336623.77


Say 3703000.00

*All the above rates are as per Schedule of Rates Vol. 1, Eighth Edition, Published by - Building Construction Department, Patna, Bihar


Page | 60

Anaerobic Settling Chamber and Facultative & Maturation Ponds

S.No. Description Unit No. Quantity

(in Cum)

Rate (in

₹)*

Amount (in

₹)

Reference

(Code No.)

1 Earthwork


ramming of bottoms, including getting out the excavated material, refilling after

laying pipe/ foundation and disposal of surplus excavated material at a lead upto 50m

suitable site as per direction of Engineer for following depths, below natural ground /

Road top level. In all types soils/ saturated soil such as moorum, sand, sandy silt,

clay, black cotton soil, kankar, etc.

1.1 from 0.0 to 1.5 mtr

Anaerobic settling chamber Cum 1 20.49

Facultative ponds & Maturation Pond Cum 1 222.76

Facultative pond 1 outer Wall Cum 1 4.85

Cum 248.10 230 57063.45 2.8.1

1.2 from 1.5 to 3.0 mtr




Cum 110.20 361.6 39848.54 2.11

1.3 From 3.0 m to 4.5 m Cum 1 3.31 484.3 1604.18 2.15

2 Embankment

Filling with available fly ash and earth (excluding rock) in trenches embankment in

layers (each layer should not exceed 15 cm), with intermediate layer of compacted earth

(Soil density of 98%) after every four layers of compacted depth of fly ash, sides & top

layer of filling shall be done with earth having total minimum compacted thickness 30

cm or as decided by Engineer – in-charge, including compacting each layer by rolling/

ramming and watering , all complete as per drawing and direction of Engineer -in -

charge.

Cum 2 4.14

Cum 2 5.53


Page | 61

Cum 9.67 74.5 720.56 2.40


Providing and laying in position cement concrete of specified grade excluding the cost

of centring and shuttering - All work upto plinth level : 1:3:6 (1 Cement : 3 coarse

sand : 6 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size).

3.1 Anaerobic settling chamber Cum 1 1.37

3.2 Facultative ponds & Maturation Pond Cum 1 14.85

3.3 Facultative pond 1 outer Wall Cum 1 0.32

3.4 PCC in filling for haunch Cum 1 5.92

Cum 22.46 2775 62327.42 4.1.5


Reinforced cement concrete work in beams, suspended floors, roofs having slope

upto 15° landings, balconies, shelves, chajjas, lintels, bands, plain window sills,

staircases and spiral stair cases upto two stories excluding the cost of centring,

shuttering, finishing and reinforcement: M30 Grade

4.1 Raft




4.2 Walls


Cum 1 1.59

Cum 1 0.73

Cum 1 1.24



Side Walls Cum 2 10.00

4.3 Precast R.C.C. Slab cover Cum 1 1.129

Cum 1 5.439

4.4 Adjustment for manholes Cum 5 0.246

Cum 81.64 6500 530665.49

5 Reinforcement


Page | 62


placing in position and binding all complete. Thermo-Mechanically Treated bars Kg 9796.9014 53.6 525113.92 5.22.7

6 Centering/Shuttering


level including strutting, propping etc. and removal of form for Foundations,

footings, bases of columns, etc. for mass concrete. :

6.1 Foundations, footings, bases of columns, etc. for mass concrete Sqm 2 2.42

Sqm 2 1.82

Sqm 2 5.42

sqm 2 4.30

sqm 1 1.35

sqm 15.31 166.3 2545.39 4.3.1


and string courses etc.

Anaerobic settling chamber sqm 4 49.17

sqm 4 36.97

Facultative ponds & Maturation Pond sqm 10 277.78

sqm 10 220.58

Facultative pond 1 outer Wall sqm 2 27.59

Side Walls sqm 4 111.11

sqm 753.80 432.5 326019.37 4.3.2

6.3 Precast R.C.C. Slab cover sqm 2 0.22

2 1.05

sqm 5 0.44

1.71 166.3 284.04 4.3.1

7 Coir Ropes/Plastic Bottles

Cost of putting coir ropes/plastic bottles as beads in strings in the facultative chambers

as growth media for bacteria Lumpsum 150000.00

8 Core Cutting


repairing the hole after insertion of drain pipe etc. with cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement No 7 7.00 138.5 969.50 18.77


Page | 63

: 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size), including finishing


9 Water proofing


depressed portions of W.C. kitchen and the like consisting of: (i) Ist course of applying

cement slurry @ 4.4 kg/sqm mixed with water proofing compound conforming tc IS

2645 in recommended proportions.(ii) IInd course of 20 mm cement plaster 1:3 (1


(iii) IIIrd course of applying blown or/residual bitumen aplied hot at 1.7 kg. per sqm of

area, (iv) IVth course of 400 micron thick PVC sheet.(Overlaps at joints of PVC shet


9.1 Horizontal surfaces sq m 1 6

sq m 1 131

9.2 Vertical surfaces sq m 2 18.3

sq m 2 18.3

sq m 2 53.71

sq m 10 205

sq m 227.31 138.9 31573.36 22.3

10 Manholes

Circular shape 560 mm dia precast R.C.C. manhole cover with frame - H.D. - 35 No 5 5.00 1274.69 6373.45 7136




Say 1910000.00



Page | 64

Sand Filter and Storage Tank

S.No

.

Description Unit

No. Quantity

(in Cum)

Rate (in

₹)*

Amount (in

₹)

Reference

1 Earthwork

Earth work in excavation by mechanical means (Hydraulic excavator) / manual means in

foundation trenches or drains (not exceeding 1.5 m in width or 10 sum on plan) including

dressing of sides and ramming of bottoms, lift up to 1.5 m, including taking out the

excavated soil and depositing and refilling of jhiri with watering & ramming and disposal

of surplus excavated soil as directed with in a lead of 50 meter. All kind of soil.

Cum 1 29.809

Cum 1 11.844

Cum 41.653 230 9580.27 2.8.1

2 Embankment

Filling with available fly ash and earth (excluding rock) in trenches embankment in

layers (each layer should not exceed 15 cm), with intermediate layer of compacted earth

(Soil density of 98%) after every four layers of compacted depth of fly ash, sides & top

layer of filling shall be done with earth having total minimum compacted thickness 30

cm or as decided by Engineer – in-charge, including compacting each layer by rolling/

ramming and watering , all complete as per drawing and direction of Engineer -in -

charge.

Cum 2 15.975

Cum 2 3.834

Cum 19.809 74.5 1475.77 2.40


Cement concrete flooring 1:4:8 (1 cement : 4 coarse sand : 8 graded stone aggregate)

finished with a floating coat of neat cement, including cement slurry, making of lines or

groove etc complete but excluding the cost of nosing of steps etc. complete.

Cum 1 0.840


Page | 65

Cum 1 0.504

Cum 1.344 2775 3728.77 4.1.5


Reinforced cement concrete work in beams, suspended floors, roofs having slope

upto 15° landings, balconies, shelves, chajjas, lintels, bands, plain window sills,

staircases and spiral stair cases upto two stories excluding the cost of centring,

shuttering, finishing and reinforcement: M30 Grade

4.1 Walls Cum 2 4.891

Cum 2 1.381

Cum 2 1.609

Cum 1 0.435

4.2 Raft Cum 1 2.103

4.3 Precast R.C.C. Slab cover Cum 1 0.445

4.4 Adjustment for manholes Cum 2 0.099

Cum 10.765 6500 69969.64

5 Reinforcement



6 Centering/Shuttering

6.1




Sq.m 2 2.70 166.3 448.34 4.3.1


and string courses etc. Sq.m 4 54.34

Sq.m 4 15.34

Sq.m 4 17.88

Sq.m 2 4.84

Sq.m 92.39 424 2051.31 4.3.2


Page | 66

6.3 Precast R.C.C. Slab cover Sq.m 2 0.65

Sq.m 2 0.18

0.83 166.3 138.03 4.3.1

7 Supply of Material

7.1

Gravel packing in tubewell construction in accordance with IS: 4097,including providing

gravel fine/ medium/ coarse, in required grading & sizes as per actual requirement, all

complete as per direction of Engineer in-charge

Cum 1 1.400 990.1 1386.14 24.8

7.2

Supplying, filling, spreading & leveling coarse sand of size range 1.5 mm - 2 mm in

recharge pit, in required thickness over gravel layer, for all leads & lifts, all complete as

per direction of Engineer -in-charge.

Cum 1 0.600 855.9 513.54 24.7

8 Core Cutting


repairing the hole after insertion of drain pipe etc. with cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement :

2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size), including finishing


No 3 3.00 138.5 415.50 18.77

9 Water proofing


depressed portions of W.C. kitchen and the like consisting of: (i) 1st course of applying

cement slurry @ 4.4 kg/sqm mixed with water proofing compound conforming tc IS

2645 in recommended proportions. (ii) 11 nd course of 20 mm cement plaster 1:3 (1


(iii) Illrd course of applying blown or/residual bitumen aplied hot at 1.7 kg. per sqm of

area, (iv) Ivth course of 400 micron thick PVC sheet.(Overlaps at joints of PVC shet


9.1 Horizontal surfaces Sq.m 1 4

Sq.m 1 2

9.2 Vertical surfaces Sq.m 2 26

Sq.m 2 6.5

Sq.m 2 8.2

Sq.m 2 4.1


Page | 67

Sq.m 46.7 138.9 6486.63 22.3

10 Manholes

Circular shape 560 mm dia precast R.C.C. manhole cover with frame - H.D. - 35 No 2 2.00 1274.69 2549.38 7136

11 UPVC Pipes and Sockets







11.1 U-PVC pipes (working pressure 4 kg/cm2 ) Single socketed pipe 100 mm dia. rm 1 0.28 134.23 37.58 7189




Say 185000.00

*All the above rates are as per Schedule of Rates Vol. 1, Eighth Edition, Published by - Building Construction Department, Patna,

Bihar


Page | 68

Composting Unit

S.No. Description Unit No. Quantity Rate (in

₹)*

Amount (in

₹)

Reference

(Code No.)

1 Earthwork






cotton soil, kankar, etc.

1.1 from 0.0 to 1.5 mtr Cum 1 25.92 230 5961.60 2.8.1


Providing and laying in position cement concrete of specified grade excluding the cost of

centring and shuttering-all work upto plinth level.

1:3:6 (1 Cement; 3 coarse sand :6 graded stone aggregate 40

mm nominal size)

Cum 10.4 3030.2 31514.08 21.1.5


Reinforced cement concrete work in beams, suspended floors,

roofs having slope upto 15° landings, balconies, shelves, chajjas, lintels, bands,

plain window sills, staircases and spiral stair cases upto two stories excluding the

cost of centring, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement: M30 Grade

Cum 1 5.59 6500 36335.00

4 Reinforcement



5 Centering / Shuttering




5.1 Foundations, footings, bases Columns Sq.m 1 59.70 166.30 9928.11 4.3.1

6 Brick Work


Page | 69

Brick work with bricks of class designation 100A in superstructure above plinth level

upto floor V in : Cement mortar 1 .:4 (1 cement: 4 coarse sand ) Cum 1 13.8 5237.4 72276.12 6.3A

7 Plastering with Mortar

12 mm cement plaster 1:4( 1 cement: 4coarse sand) finished with a floating coat of near

cement Details of cost for 10 sqm Sq.m 1 125.1 145.5 18202.05 13.17.2

8 Roof

Structural steel work riveted or bolted in built up sections, trusses and framed work,

including cutting, hoisting, fixing in position and applying a priming coat of approved

ateef primer all complete.

Kg 1 2664.1 69.2 184355.72 10.3

Providing corrugated G.S. sheet roofing fixed with G.I.J. or hooks, bolts and nuts 8 mm

diameter with bitumen and G. I. limpet washers or with G.I. limpet washers filled with

white lead and including a coat of approved steel primer and two coats of approved paint

on over lapping of sheets complete (upto a pitch of 60°) excluding the cost or purlins,

rafters and trusses.

1.00 mm thick with zinc coating not less than 275 gm/mz

Sq.m 1 115.56 859.8 99358.49 12.1.3

9 Electrical fittings

Lumpsum 10000.00




Say 555000.00



Page | 70

Additional Works

S.No. Description Unit No. Quantity Rate (in

₹)

Amount (in

₹)

Reference

(Code No.)

1 Landscaping

1.1






cotton soil, kankar, etc. : from 0.0 to 1.5 mtr

cum 1 417.6 230 96048.00 2.8.1

1.2

Planting flowering plants & shrubs; making lawns including ploughing, breaking of clod,

removal of rubbish, dressing and supplying doobs grass roots and planting at 15 cm apart,

including supplying and spreading of farm yard manure at rate of 0.18 cum per 100 sqm.

Sq.m 1 2500 500 1250000.00

2 Borewell

2.1

Conduct Hydrogeological investigation to determine the most probably spot for bore hole

to obtain water. The scientific investigation is to be carried in the presence and in the

directions of the engineer and using specialised resistivity measuring instruments.

No 1 1 10000 10000.00

2.2

Boring/drilling bore well of required dia for casing/ strainer pipe, by suitable method

prescribed in IS: 2800 (part I), including collecting samples from different strata,

preparing and submitting strata chart/ bore log, including hire & running charges of all

equipment, tools, plants & machineries required for the job, all complete as per direction

of Engineer -in-charge, upto 90 metre depth below ground level : All types of soil -

150mm diameter

metre 1 35 378 13230.00 24.1.1.1

2.3

Supplying, assembling, lowering and fixing in vertical position in bore well, ERW

(Electric Resistance Welded) FE 410 mild steel screwed and socketed/ plain ended casing

pipes of required dia, conforming to IS: 4270, of reputed & approved make, including

painted with outside surface with two coats of anticorrosive paint of approved brand and

manufacture, including required hire & labour charges, fittings & accessories, all

complete, for all depths, as per direction of Engineer-in-charge: 150 mm nominal size dia

having minimum wall

thickness 5.00 mm

metre 1 26 1381.2 35911.20 24.10.2

2.4 Providing and fixing M.S. clamp of required dia to the top of casing/ housing pipe of No 1 1 1031.1 1031.10 24.14.2


Page | 71

tubewell as per IS: 2800 (part I), including necessary bolts & nuts of required size

complete : 150 mm clamp

2.5

Installation of submersible motor pump set in tube well complete (labour charges only)

including transportation of tripod, pulley block, and any other material required for

lowering purpose

No 1 1 3000 3000.00

2.6 Providing and lowering of GI flange pipe B class including rubber washer and nuts of 8

mm dis complete in all respect - 50 mm metre 1 32 500 16000.00

3 Gate at the entrance on compound wall

3.1

Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per chief architect drawing, using 50x50mm 14 gauge

MS hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in drawing and

35mmx6mm and 16mmx16mm square rods for verticals alternatively spaced at 4cm c/c

in two halves and 40mmx6mm MS flats for horizontal members and at the top cast iron

spikes are provided at alternate vertical members as shown in the drawing etc. complete.

All the steel surface should be thoroughly cleaned free of rust and painted with anti-

corrosive paint( Shop paint) etc. complete. the work includes the cost of all materials,

labour charges for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding

equipment, and electricity charges, with lead and lift, loading and loading charges etc.

complete as per specification

No 2 2 30000 60000.00

3.2

Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per chief architect drawing, using 50x50mm 14 gauge

MS hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in drawing and 35mm x

6mm and 16mmx16mm square rods for verticals alternatively spaced at 4cm c/c in two

halves and 40mm x 6mm MS flats for horizontal members and at the top cast iron spikes

are provided at alternate vertical members as shown in the drawing etc. complete. All the

steel surface should be thoroughly cleaned free of rust and painted with anti-corrosive

paint(Shop paint) etc. complete. the work includes the cost of all materials, labor charges

for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding equipment, and

electricity charges, with lead and lift and loading charges etc. complete as per

specification

No 1 1 15000 15000.00

4 Shed

4.1 Apron (laminated fabric)

Technical specification of polythene should be as per Indian Standard (IS 15827:2009)

having properties like UV stabilization, diffusion/clear and optimal properties like UV

blocking, sulphur resistance, thermic, anti-drip, anti0dust, anti-mist, having light

Sq.m 1 646.925 40 25877.00


Page | 72

transmission upto 85%

4.2 GI gutter metre 1 57.25 570 32632.50

4.3 Gutter funnel No 2 2 300 600.00

4.4







U-PVC pipes (working pressure 4 kg/cm2 ) Single socketed pipe 100 mm dia. rm 2 4.6 134.23 1234.92 7189

4.5 Chain Rollup unit No 2 2 3500 7000.00

5 Ladders at Office and Operator's House

Providing, fabricating and erecting MS ladder of 450mm wide made of 65 x 65 x 6mm

angle iron and 20mm MS bars for walkway to top of the room including cutting, hoisting,

fixing in position and applying a priming coat of approved steel primer complete in all

respect as per specifications and the direction of the Engineer.

metre 2 4.418 1500 13254.00

6 Wash Area

6.1

62 mm thick cement concrete flooring with metallic concrete hardener topping under

layer 50 mm thick cement concrete 1:2:4(1 cement: 2 coarse sand:4 graded stone

aggregate 20 mm nominal size) and top layer 12mm thick metallic cement hardener

consisting of mix 1:2(1 cement hardener mix:2 stone aggregate 6 rnrr.. nominal size) by

volume hardening compound is mixed @ 2 litre per 50 kg of cement or as per

manufacture specification. This includes cost of cement slurry, etc. but excluding the cost

of nosing of steps etc. complete.

Sq.m 1 6 420.6 2523.60 11.5

6.2 Cement plaster skirting (upto 30 cm height) with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement:3 coarse

sand) finished with a floating coat of neat cement: 18mm thick Sq.m 1 237.29 0.00 11.6.1

6.3 Septic tank No 1 1 35000 35000.00






rm 1 19 134.23 2550.37 7189


Page | 73

direction of Engineer : U-PVC pipes (working pressure 4 kg/cm2 ) Single socketed pipe

100 mm dia.

6.4 Plumbing works lumpsum 100000.00




Say 1895000.00



Page | 74

Tools List

S.No. Description Unit Quantity Rate (in ₹) Amount (in ₹)

1 Gum Boots No 4 1000 4000

2 Plastic drums No 2 500 1000

3 Rakes No 3 200 600

4 Broom No 4 50 200

5 Mask No 5 100 500

6 Spanner No 1 200 200

7 Gloves No 5 200 1000

8 First Aid Box No 1 400 400

9 Hose Pipe rm 80 35 2800

10 Shovel No 2 2000 4000

11 Wheel barrow No 2 5000 10000

12 Plant Trimmer No 1 200 200

13 Sludge Measuring Device No 1 4000 4000

14 Submersible motor pump set for borewell (Upto 1HP) No 1 3500 3500

15 Solid handling pump (Upto 5HP) No 1 20000 20000

Total Cost 52400.00

Say 53000.00


Page | 75

Annexure 9

Operation and maintenance

Line items No. Description Cost (in ₹)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Manpower 2 Salary Rs12000 and Rs8000 per month each

(Qualification- 12th pass with work experience) 2,40,000 2,52,000 2,64,600 2,77,830 2,91,722

Electricity Use for street lighting, lighting in operator's

house, composting unit, office and pump for

desludging

15,000 15,750 16,538 17,364 18,233

Consumables Sand and gravels; nut bolt washer and nails; gas

cylinders; food; diesel and oils for trucks; PPE

for operators and drivers

15,000 15,750 16,538 17,364 18,233

Repair works Maintenance of operator's house, office and

wash area 7,000 7,350 7,717 8,103 8,508

Misc. Soap, washing powder, towels, bucket,

disinfectants, telephone line, etc. 10,000 10,500 11,025 11,576 12,155

Total 2,87,000 3,01,350 3,16,418 3,32,237 3,48,851

*Estimates are exclusive of all taxes


Page | 76

Annexure 10

Information, education and communication

Description Cost (in ₹)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

1. Trainings of engineers/officials on topics including:

Policies, programmes and guidelines for sewage, faecal sludge and septage management

Use of mapping/spatial data and IT in O&M and for data analysis

Data generation for FSS & WW management

Innovative approaches to implement scheduled desludging and regulated emptying of containments

Setting up a call centre & MIS for better management and implementation of scheduled desludging

2. Training of FSSTP operators and desludgers on topics including:

Use of PPE

Role of field staff in effective FSSM

Public interaction

Data collection & management

Use of technology to choose their routes efficiently

Maintenance of their vehicles

Awareness of labor laws, social welfare schemes

Reporting process - complaints, innovations, issues pertaining to human resource management

3. Public participation and awareness on topics including:

Scheduled desludging

Ill-effects of an unclean city - Impact on Public health and environment

Ill-effects of using untreated FSS & WW in agriculture. It can be a resource if used wisely

Stencil signs on road (No dumping of FSS/WW) for water bodies and drains

Slogans and interactive programmes/events on beautiful landscape/water bodies and clean environment

Brochures and workshops on how to do DWWTs for buildings with area more than 100 sq.m

Brochures on use of native plants and landscaping on smaller/individual scale (Native plant kits on sale)

Biodiversity: Noticeboard near green areas and water bodies stating details of existing flora and fauna

Workshop at schools and colleges with dummy models to be prepared by students on topics including –

RWH, landscaping, save water bodies, species surrounding us)

10,00,000 5,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000

10,00,000 5,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED PILOT...

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