DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEWERAGE … · DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT...

Environment and Social Management Plan for sewerage and STP scheme in Halisahar Town, West Bengal

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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

IN HALISAHAR MUNICIPALITY

UNDER NRGBA

ESAMP

Submitted by:

Corporate

Office:

IPE GLOBAL PRIVATE LIMITED

IPE Towers, B – 84, Defence Colony, BhishamPitamah Marg,

New Delhi -110024 Phone: +91-11- 4075 5900 / 24339533 / 24339534

SUBMITTED TO:

KOLKATA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPEMENT

AUTHORITY (KMDA),

KOLKATA, WEST BANGAL


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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 9

1.1 Ganga Clean Up Initiatives.............................................................................................. 9

1.2 National Ganga River Basin Programme ...................................................................... 10

1.2.1 World Bank Assistance ........................................................................................ 11

1.3 Project Component ......................................................................................................... 11

1.2.1 Component One: Institutional Development ................................................... 11

1.2.2Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments .................................... 12

1.4 Relevance of NRGBA in Halisahar Municipality ........................................................... 13

1.5 Need for Environment and Social Management Framework under NGRBP................. 14

1.6 The structure of the Report............................................................................................. 15

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 17

2.1 About Halisahar Municipality ........................................................................................ 17

2.2 Existing Sewerage Facility in Halisahar ................................................................. 18

2.2.1 Existing Sewerage: ................................................................................................ 18

2.2.2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................... 21

2.2.3 Other on-going works .............................................................................................. 22

2.3 The Need for the Project ................................................................................................ 22

Description of the Proposed Sewerage Project ................................................................... 22

2.3.1 Main Components of the Project ............................................................................. 24

2.3.2 Implementation Schedule .................................................................................... 34

2.3.3 Cost Summary ....................................................................................................... 35

3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 38

3.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 39

3.2 Screening and Categorization ........................................................................................ 40

3.3 Screening Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 46

4. REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 48

4.1Applicable Laws and Regulations-Environmental .......................................................... 48

4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India .............................................................. 48

4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and other related Regulations ........................................ 49


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4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social ..................................................................... 51

4.3 Other legislations applicable to construction activities ................................................. 66

4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies ..................................................................................... 68

5. BASELINE STATUS ......................................................................................................... 70

5.1 Baseline Environmental Features .................................................................................. 70

5.1.1 Physiography and Topography ................................................................................ 70

5.1.2 Climate..................................................................................................................... 70

5.1.3 Soil Type and Pollution ........................................................................................... 70

5.1.4 Air Pollution: ......................................................................................................... 71

5.1.5 Noise Pollution: ..................................................................................................... 72

5.1.6 Water Environment .................................................................................................. 72

5.1.7 Drainage................................................................................................................... 78

5.1.8 Solid waste Management ......................................................................................... 79

5.1.9 Flora and Fauna ....................................................................................................... 80

5.2 Baseline Socio- Economic Status ................................................................................... 81

5.2.1 Demographic profile ................................................................................................ 81

5.2.2 Socio Economic status ............................................................................................. 83

5.2.3 Household survey in the project Area ..................................................................... 84

5.2.4 Traffic Analysis ....................................................................................................... 86

6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ............................................................ 90

6.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ................................................................. 90

6.1.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................... 90

6.1.2 Noise ........................................................................................................................ 91

6.1.3 Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 91

6.1.4 Waste Management ................................................................................................. 92

6.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety .............................................................................. 92

6.1.6 Traffic Flow ............................................................................................................. 93

6.1.7 Project Impacts ...................................................................................................... 93

6.2 Stakeholder Feedback on Perceived Impact ............................................................ 99

6.2.1 Identification of sensitive locations ....................................................................... 100

6.2.2 Assessment of environmental and social impact by stakeholders ......................... 100

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN........................ 112

1. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................. 112

1.1 Specific activities by Design Built Operate ( DBO) Operator . Error! Bookmark not

defined.

1.2 Implementation of EMP .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.


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1.3 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator .. Error! Bookmark not

defined.


7.6 Cost of ESMP ........................................................................................................... 132

7.7 Public Involvement and Disclosure.............................................................................. 139

7.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 139

Appendix 1 .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.2 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator .. Error! Bookmark not

defined.


Appendix 2 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring ........................................................... 143

ANNEXURE – 1: Households Questionnaire.................................................................... 145

ANNEXURE - 2: Sample Survey Sheets ............................................................................ 147

ANNEXURE – 3: FGD Query Sheet .................................................................................. 151

ANNEXURE – 4: Glimpses of the FGD and Household survey conducted in Sensitive

Locations of Halisahar Municipality .................................................................................. 154

Tables

Table 3.1: Environmental and Social Information Format for Screening ........................... 40

Table 4.1 Key Environmental Laws relevant to the project .............................................. 49

Table 4.2 Other legislations applicable ............................................................................ 67

Table 5.1: Pollution Status in Halisahar town .................................................................. 74

Table 5.2: Status of Water supply Infrastructure facility in Halisahar Municipality ........... 76

Table 5.3: Ward Wise Status of Water Supply in Halisahar .............................................. 77

Table 5.4: Drainage network coverage in Halisahar ......................................................... 78

Table 5.5: Solid waste Management status ..................................................................... 80

Table 5.6: Working status of population in Halisahar ...................................................... 82

Table 5.7: Population profile of Halisahar ....................................................................... 82

Table 5.8: Income and expenditure status ....................................................................... 84

Table 5.9 Modal Split in Peak Period ............................................................................... 86

Table5.10: Modal Split in Lean Period ............................................................................ 87

Table 6.2: Environment and Social Impact Assessment .................................................. 106

Table 1-1: Environment Management Plan ............................................................. 115


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Table 7.3: Estimated Cost of ESMP ................................................................................ 133

Table 0-1: Environment Management Plan ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 7.5 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (2 Years) ................. 143

Table 7.6: Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Operational Phase (5 Years).................... 144


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Expanded Notation

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

DO Dissolved Oxygen

ESAMP Environment and Social Assessment and Management Plan

EMP Environment Management Plan

ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework

GAP Ganga Action Plan

GoI Government of India

IA Implementing Agency

KMDA Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority

LS Lifting Station

MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests

MPS Main Pumping Station

NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority

NCRD National River Conservation Directorate

PEA

QCBS

Project Execution Agency

Quality and Cost Based Selection

SC Schedule Caste

ST Schedule Tribe

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

SMP Social Management Plan

WBPCB West Bengal Pollution Control Board


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Introduction

River Ganga has significant economic, environmental, and cultural value in India. Rising in

the Himalayas and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more than

2,500 km through the plains of north and eastern India. However increasing population in

the basin and haphazard urbanization and industrial growth has significantly impacted the

water quality of River Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of

pollution are untreated sewage and industrial wastewater.

The previous attempt to clean the river, such as Ganga Action Plan (GAP) launched in 1985

have provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but lot more needs

to be done. Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the

Ganga cannot be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative

will have to adopt a three-pronged approach by:

i. establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in the river;

ii. making relevant institutions operational and effective and;

iii. Implementing a phased program for Ganga clean-up.

Ganga Action plan program for Halisahar Town was initiated in the year 1990. In order to

give effect to the above pollution abatement measures, schemes were designed as per the

guidelines framed by GAP/ NCRD and execution of schemes was planned under two

phases. However no work was completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase I.

Works completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase II include an Interception & Diversion

Scheme that was executed in the town with the view to divert the contaminated flows of city

drain to a sewage treatment plant.

In this scheme, about 3.22 kilometer sewers of size 400/500 mm along with 2 Lifting stations

, 2 main pumping station and 2 Stabilization Ponds type Sewage Treatment Plant were

constructed.

The project is contemplated to divert Bager Khal (a drain coming from Kanchrapara &

Gayespore) along with 2 small drains of Halisahar to a 6.0 MLD Stabilization Pond type STP


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in Kalyani (at the boarder of Halisahar). The other 4 drains of Halisahar are diverted to

another 6.5 MLD Stabilization Pond STP in the central part of Halisahar.

Hence there is no other sewerage line in the town and I&D sewers were not

proposed for house connections. Presently there are 11,094 septic tanks and 4,285

pour flush latrines in the town. About 20-15% of population, particularly from slums

defecate in open or even at the banks of Hooghly. There are 58 notified slums in the

town. Many households have made tiny toilets connected to open drains. The city as

such is deprived of door to door sewerage and residents depend on septic tanks or

bore- hole type latrines, while sullage is passed to open drains. The slum dwellers on

the other hand defecate to open drains through privately partitioned latrines. The

river in the area is extensively used for bathing raising the BOD and Faecal

Chloroform levels. 2. Need for the Comprehensive Sewerage project under NGRBA

In absence of comprehensive sewerage in the town the dry weather foul liquid wastes from

the town continues to find its way to river and particularly from large slums in the town

which have latrines directly connected to the open drains in the vicinity. The non –slum

dwellers are largely dependent on septic tanks and pour flush latrines which again continue

to contaminate ground water as well as open drains by continuous out flows from septic

tanks. This along with sullage from houses and other sources cause contaminated flows in

open drains and near outfalls in river where bathing Ghats are also situated. The tests for

pollution levels in open drains and at bathing ghats shows high faecal coliforms counts at

both places. The BOD levels in some drains were found very high, indicating contaminated

discharges from industries.

It was therefore felt necessary to trap all such pollution sources right at their sources in the

town by a comprehensive sewerage scheme to maintain the sanitation of the town without

any contamination to the river Hooghly.

As a major step in this direction, the Government of India (GoI) established the National

Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) for comprehensive management of the river. The

NGRBA program adopted a river-basin approach and has been given a multi-sectoral

mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that


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by year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into

River Ganga.

Under NGRBA, in Halisahar, the proposed sewerage treatment project has been designed

with the following components

1. Total 10 sewage pumping stations.

2. Total project cost Rs.274.76 cores.

3. Two separate systems designed on east and west side of the Railway line

4. Laying of comprehensive sewer up to house property line

5. Total 226.994 km sewer line including house connection (diameter varies from 150 -

900mm) are proposed

6. 2 lifting station with augmentation (additional deeper sump) and 3 new lifting stations

and also 3 underground L.S

7. Augmentation of 2 Ext. MPS with increasing pump capacity and providing additional

deeper sump within the ext. campus.

8. Augmentation of existing STP of 6.5 mld capacity to 16mld capacity; Effluent disposal

line up to the nearby Kona khal

It may be noted that, like any construction project, the proposed investments under the

NGRBA scheme for Halisahar may have adverse impacts that have to be effectively

managed during the planning, design, construction and operational phases. These impacts

may have the potential to cause major and minor, and reversible and irreversible societal/

community damage.

The Environmental and Social Management Framework is intended to identify the adverse

environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and

procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and

responsibilities of the implementing agencies. The Environment and Social Management

Framework (ESMF), therefore, would be used as an umbrella by the NGRBA program (the

PMG and SPMGs) and all implementing agencies while preparing and/ or appraising,

approving and executing the investments so that all environmental and social impacts are

identified and mitigated appropriately.


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3. The Methodological Approach

The approach to the ESMF preparation was based on an initial Environmental and Social

screening of Halisahar Municipality. Screening conclusions indicate that Halisahar is not

located near any eco-sensitive area. Further the proposed project will not involve any land

acquisition or displacement of any category of people specifically tribals. Hence the

construction of proposed STP will have marginal environmental impact on the adjoining

settlement in terms of dust and noise during construction and can be inferred as a “Low”

impact project.

4. Compliance with Acts and Regulations

However compliance with Air Act 1981, Noise Rules, EP Act 1986, Water Prevention and

Control of Pollution Act 1974 will be mandatory for construction. The Lifting stations being

located in open grounds will not create any environmental impact. The laying of sewer lines

will not produce any significant amount of waste particularly since it will be laid under

minimum 3 m wide roads. The roads will be reinstated to its original conditions after lying

of sewer line. Temporary traffic disruptions will be avoided through appropriate diversions.

There will be no significant adverse impacts in terms of flooding, gas emission, waste

discharge, health risks etc. Hence Environmental Clearances and abidance to Social laws and

Regulations as well as World Bank’s Operational Policies are not relevant in the context of

the Proposed Sewerage project in Halisahar.

5. Baseline Environmental and Social Features of Halisahar

The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga

flows along the entire west border of the Municipality.The river is confronted with the

problem of pollution in this stretch as 7 outfalls from Halisahar Municipality drain water in

Hooghy River which is a tributary of the Gnages. The BOD3days data for KhasbatiNala,

Kalikatala Nala Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and Ramprasad Ghat although are below 30mg/l

due to the tidal effect, do pose a future treat. Random growth and settlement in the slum

area has choked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes water logging and


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stagnation in different parts of the municipality. Soil contamination mainly occurring from

industrial and biomedical waste, domestic waste and open defecation/ use of unhygienic

latrines is getting aggravated due the water logging problem. Air pollution in Halisahar

Municipality is due to the existence of large manufacturing units and vehicular traffic which

is constantly on the rise. However Air Pollution indicators like RPM, SPM, SO2 and NO2 do

not raise an alarm as yet and are within the allowable limits. . Noise is not a great problem

for this municipality as it is well within the allowable limits of 85 decibel .However sound

levels indicate a rise in daytime The decibel level in commercial area vary between 65 to 55

decibel in day and night time respectively while it is 55 and 45 decibel in the residential

area.Flora and fauna include those prevalent in an urban ecosystem in the lower gangetic

plain bio-geographical zone and do not pose any threat of serious impact or extinction due

to urban development. To sum up, the environmental indicators do not pose a threat at this

instance. But water and soil pollution levels, if left uncontrolled can lead to an alarming

situation in due course of time.

6. Environmental and Social Impacts and their Mitigation

ESMF intended to identify the minor environmental and social impacts arising out of this

project in the design, construction and post construction phases through technical analysis

and people’s interactions. Household surveys and Focus Group discussion and

consultations were held with stakeholders to identify the impacts of the project on air

quality, noise, water quality, waste management, Occupational health and safety and Traffic

flow

While broad and overall impacts ( temporary and possible )were identified based on

analysis , FGD-s were held in sensitive locations like STP, Lifting Stations, Markets, major

Road junctions and major roads, school, health units, identified by the Councillors and

Municipal functionaries, etc to order assess the specific issues and work on the mitigation

measures .

The impact assessment and steps to mitigate impacts were worked out for all three phases

Design Phase

Construction Phase

Operation Phase


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In the design phase impacts relate to People apprehension of the project, fear for loos of

property, threat of inconvenience which can be mitigated by the Project Implementing

Agency or NGO-s through meetings and different communication means conveying

importance of the project and the low nature of impact. The project will be designed in-

building socially acceptable, environmentally sensitive and technically feasible criteria.

The construction of STP, Lifting Station and sewer lines will involve cutting and excavation

of roads, noise and air pollution leading to inconvenience for traffic movement and general

public, increased toxic material in drains and water bodies resulting from accidental and

emergency overflow of sewage into the local receiving waters etc. Mitigation measures will

involve alternate routing and trenchless technology in major road junctions, alternative

drainage facility to avoid polluting of drains and water bodies creation of green belt for

noise and air barriers. Construction phase will also encounter occupational hazards and

accidents which will be managed by medical insurance coverage and medical aid systems at

worksites. Health and hygiene issues will be handled by creating of potable drinking water

and toilet facilities. Special mitigation measures will be undertaken in sensitive locations like

health centres, schools etc. limiting construction work during busy and scheduled hours.

Renovation of pumping station will cause dust from construction material which need to be

mitigated by spraying of water or creating appropriate facilities for storage. The responsible

agency for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction phase will be the

Project Implementing Agency and the Contractors.

In the operation phase, STP, Lifting Stations may cause percolation of leachate into ground

and surface water which need to be monitored regularly for compliance of with the standard

laid down by the State Pollution Control Board. Bad odour, air pollution, noise pollution, a

possible impact, will be mitigated by buffer zone creation. Careful handling and transport of

drain sludge accumulated through by-passing of sewers Treatment and Disposal will be

required to prevent contamination. Ensuring protective measures to workers as per

occupational and safety norms to mitigate occupational hazards in both construction and

operation phases. Training of workers on safety and health and set down rules and

regulations of all new workers at the site, personal protective protection and preventing

injuring to fellow workers.


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7. Institutional Arrangement for implementing ESAMP

The contractor/DBO Operator shall be responsible to implement the EMP primarily in

assistance with the Project Management Consultant team. The Environmental Specialist

from the Independent Engineer/ Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of

the EMP and all the design drawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after

his approval.

The State, local Government will be responsible for Coordination, Monitoring and

evaluation of the Environment Management Plan. It should ensure all the safeguarding

plans are in line and acted upon. Contractor shall report the implementation of the

Environment Management Plan to the Environmental Expert and the Project management

consultant as well as to WBPC through monthly reports. Further a quarterly report is

required to be prepared and required to be given to National Mission for Clean Ganga

(NMCG) for the progress made in implementing the Environment Management Plan.

Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the

contractor’s/DBO operator’s report. Project management consultants should make

inspection visits at construction site to check the implementation of Environment

Management Plan as per the contract.

8. Cost Estimate

Indicative Cost estimatesfor ESMF Plan (including (Environmental Monitoring for

construction and operation phases) has been presented below:

Component Cost in INR

Cost of ESMF Plan ( including (Environmental

Monitoring for construction and operation phases)

78,38,000.00


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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION


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1. INTRODUCTION

The river Ganga has significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising in the

Himalayas and flowing in to the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more than 2,500 km

through the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga main stem accounts for 26 per cent of

India’s landmass, 30 per cent of its water resources and more than 40 per cent of its population. The

Ganga also serves as one of India’s holiest rivers whose cultural and spiritual significance transcends

the boundaries of the basin.

Despite its importance, extreme pollution pressures from increasing population and industrialization

pose a great threat to the biodiversity and environmental sustainability of the Ganga, with

detrimental effects on both the quantity and quality of its flows. Discharge of untreated sewage and

industrial wastewater, non-point pollution sources from religious activities along the river,

agricultural runoff as well as poor municipal solid waste management are the main causes of

pollution in river Ganga.

1.1 Ganga Clean Up Initiatives

Ganga is culturally very significant for India. It is worshipped throughout the country as a

goddess. Despite being highly revered and the primary water resource for the heartland of

India, the Ganga river is today seriously polluted and under extreme environmental stress.

The river suffers from high levels of organic and bacterial pollution, especially in its critical

middle stretch resulting in a wide range of negative impacts, including on human health,

agriculture, urban services, and the environment. The pollution in the Ganga is primarily a

result of inadequate infrastructure, the weak capacity of local water and wastewater utilities

in the basin, and the poor state of environmental monitoring and regulation.

The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched in 1985 and extended to two phases over more

than two decades for cleaning Ganga. It focused primarily on urban wastewater and funded

a large number of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and related urban wastewater

infrastructure. Impact data show that, overall, the program was able to maintain or even

improve water quality in spite of significant increases in pollution loadings due to urban

and industrial growth. An ex-post economic evaluation of the GAP showed that the benefits

far exceeded the costs, with non-use benefits accounting for the majority (61%) of the total

(Ref : Cost Benefit Analysis of the Ganga Action Plan, Oxford University Press, 2000).


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The GAP was later complemented by a similar plan for the river Yamuna, the biggest tributary of the

Ganga. These programmes have faced significant public scrutiny and, despite some gains made in

slowing the rate of water quality degradation, they have been widely perceived as failure. The main

shortcomings of these initiatives were: (1) insufficient investments including underutilization of

created capacity; (2) inadequate attention to institutional dimensions, including the absence of a long-

tem-basin planning and implementation framework; little ownership of local bodies; (3) little effort

made in addressing weakness in urban wastewater, and municipal solid waste management,

environmental quality monitoring, and reporting, regulatory interventions and (4) inadequate

planning, coordination and prioritization of investments, with little emphasis on ensuring their

sustainability. These programs also did not pay sufficient attention to the social dimensions of river

clean-up, failing to recognize the importance of public consultation, participation and awareness-

raising.

Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the Ganga cannot

be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative will have to

adopt a three-pronged approach by:

i. establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in

the river;

ii. making relevant institutions operational and effective (e.g. with the capacity

to plan, implement and manage investments and enforce regulations); and,

iii. Implementing a phased program of prioritized infrastructure investments

(with emphasis on sustainable operations and community support) for Ganga

clean-up.

1.2 National Ganga River Basin Programme

As a major first step in achieving objective of cleaning river Ganga, this direction, the

Government of India (GoI) constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority

(NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. The

NGRB program is entrusted to adopt a river-basin approach and has been given a multi-

sectoral mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has

resolved that by year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be

discharged into River Ganga within Indian Territory.


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Considering the requirement of large investment to meet above objective, The World Bank has been

formally requested to provide long-term support to NGRBA, through several phases of substantive

financing and knowledge support. While, the overall technical assistance and program development

under the proposed initiatives will focus on the entire Ganga main stem, the initial emphasis of the

specific investments under the first project will focus on main stem of Ganga flowing through five

basin states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal in India. Specifically,

pollution abatement programs in cities on the banks of these States which would include a range of

municipal investments such as sewer networks, waste water treatment facilities, industrial pollution

control measures, municipal solid waste and river front management. This is expected to be achieved

through several phases of substantive financing and knowledge support.

The first project of such several phases of support aims at;

i. Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable of

planning and implementing a multi sectoral river water quality improvement program and;

ii. Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.

1.2.1 World Bank Assistance

The government of India is implementing programme with the assistance from the World

Bank to support the NGRBA in the long term. This assistance aims to support the NGRBA

in establishing its operational level institutions and implementing priority infrastructure

investments.

1.3 Project Component

The NGRBA programme has three components relating to (i) Institutional development; (ii)

Priority Infrastructure Investments and (iii) Project implementation support. In order to

ensure the effectiveness of the relevant ideas, all NGRBA Schemes will have two

components relating to institutional development and priority infrastructure investments.

The project implementation support component provide support to the Mission Directorate

of National Mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) or the State Project Management Groups

(SPMGs) in related to planning and project management for managing the NGRBA

programme.

1.2.1 Component One: Institutional Development

Objective: The objectives of the institutional development component are to (i) build

functional capacity of the NGRBA’s operational institutions at both the central and state


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levels; and (ii) provide support to associated institutions for implementing the NGRBA

program. The activities financed under this component are grouped under the following

sub-components:

Sub-Component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Programme Management

Sub-Component B: Technical Assistance for Urban Local Body (ULB) service providers;

Sub-Component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulators

1.2.2Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments

Objective

The second component is the priority infrastructure investments. The objective of this

component is to finance demonstrative infrastructure investments to reduce pollution loads

in priority locations on the river.

Investment Sectors:

The majority of the investments are expected to be in following four sectors:

I. The waste water sector, particularly in waste water treatment plants and sewerage

networks;

II. Industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. construction of common effluent

treatment plants);

III. Solid waste management (collection, transport and disposal systems for municipal

waste);

IV. River front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river

stretches improvement of small ghats and electric crematoria, conservation and

preservation of ecologically sensitive sites).

Many investments are likely to combine elements of more than one of the above sectors. The

investments are intended to exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of

technical preparation and implementation, sustainability of operations, and public

participation envisaged in the NGRBA framework. This component will also support

innovative pilots, for new and transformative technologies or implementation arrangements.


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Framework Approach: In lieu of defining and appraising specific investments, the project preparation

has focused on developing investments framework covering all four key sectors of intervention under

the NGRBA program. This single framework will apply to all investments under the NGRBA

program.

The objectives of the investments framework are to:

a) provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected investments are

well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the pollution loads;

b) make transparent the decision-making process on investments selection; and

c) ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner

The investments framework prescribes the criteria and quality assurance standards covering various

aspects including eligibility, prioritization, planning, technical preparation, financial and economic

analyses, environmental and social management, long term O&M sustainability, community

participation, and local institutional capacity1.

Investment Execution: The investments program will be planned and managed by the NGRBA level

PMG and state level PMGs, while the execution of specific infrastructure investments will be done by

the selected existing and qualified state-level technical agencies. To foster competition and tap private

sector efficiencies, the state governments with significant infrastructure investments are also setting

up a public-private joint venture infrastructure company, to execute NGRBA and other similar

investments in the respective states in the medium to long term.

Rehabilitation of existing infrastructure

Investments involving rehabilitation of existing infrastructure will be given priority due to their

intrinsically higher returns in terms of reductions in pollution loads entering the Ganga.

1.4 Relevance of NRGBA in Halisahar Municipality

The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river

Ganga flows along the entire west border of the Municipality. Like any other urban

center along the Ganga, Halisahar has been facing increasing population and

haphazard urbanization which has significantly impacted the water quality of River Ganga,

particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of pollution are untreated sewage

1 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National

Ganga River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.


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and industrial wastewater. Non-point pollution sources from agriculture and livestock,

religious activities at various locations along the river, as well as poor solid waste

management, also contributes to pollution. In addition, substantial abstraction of water, has

led to low flows and associated poor water quality in the critical middle stretch of the river.

Estimates indicate that the magnitude of water pollution at Halisahar, if left uncontrolled

can lead to alarming situations in due course of time. The BOD3days data as given for

Suripara Nala, Bolurpara Ghat , Kona Khal indicate a value of 90mg/l, 60mg/l and 40 mg/l

respectively while data in Khasbati Nala, Kalikatala Nala Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and

Ramprasad Ghat is low (below 30mg/l) due to the tidal effect. Further random growth and

settlement in the slum area has checked the natural drainage courses, which in turn causes

water logging and stagnation in different parts of the slum. This accumulated water results

in various health problems.

Ganga Action plan program for Halisahar Town was initiated in the year 1990which

provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but it was felt that a lot

more needs to be done. As a major step in this direction, a project worth Rs 230.26 crores has

been proposed for abatement of pollution on Ganga through an integrated sewerage

management in Halisahar.

1.5 Need for Environment and Social Management Framework under

NGRBP

Given the distributed nature of investments in multiple states, the investments under the

program may entail environmental and social impacts. The environment and social

framework is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through

appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation phases of

various investments. The framework will identify the adverse environment and social

impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for

environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the

implementing agencies.

The framework will identify the adverse environment and social impacts and provide

specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social

assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies.


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In this perspective, a detailed assessment of the environmental and social impacts of the

project, with proper highlight of the issues and their effective mitigation measures that has

been or has to be considered during the design, construction and operation of the project in

will be provided. This will lead to the development of the Environmental and Social Impact

Mitigation Plan which would provide the mitigation measures and the associated costs.

The Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Plan will also associate with it the

Communication and Public Outreach Plan and the Governance and Accountability Action

Plan for strengthening both the components of NGRBA.

1.6 The structure of the Report

The structure of the report will be as follows

1. Background of the Ganga Clean-up Initiatives and the need for an Environmental

and Social Management Frame

2. Description of the Project including the Existing Sewerage Facility and Proposed

Sewerage Project

3. Approach and Methodology adopted towards the preparation of ESMF starting from

Screening and Categorisation

4. Applicable laws and regulatory frameworks related to Environmental, Social,

Specific Construction related and World bank Operational Policies

5. Baseline status of Halisahar Municipality in terms of geophysical , environmental

and social features

6. Environmental and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project

7. Environmental and Social Management Plan


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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION


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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 About Halisahar Municipality

The Halisahar Municipality was established in the year of 1903 and located at the northern

end of the District of North 24 Parganas. This Municipality is situated on the eastern bank of

the River Hooghly, surrounded by Kalyani Municipality of Nadia District at the north,

Naihati Municipality at the south, and Kanchrapara Municipality and Halisahar Railway

Station at the east. The geographical location of the Municipality is 22 degree 57 minutes 15

second north axis of the latitude and 88 degree 26 minutes 22 seconds east axis of the

longitude. Administratively the Municipality is divided into 23 wards covering 8.29 square

kilometers, with population of 1, 24,479 as per 2001 census.

Table 2.1 Key information on Halisahar

Established 1903

Area 8.29 sqkms

Population 124,479

Slum Population 89352

No. of Wards 23

Slums Pockets 72

Nearest Highway NH 34, Kalyani Expressway

Solid Waste Management

System

Door to Door garbage collection

Garbage cleaning from vats and roads

Access to safe drinking water,

2005 85%

Quality of drinking water

supply

Traceable arsenic and fluoride well within the prescribed

threshold limits.

Keeping in mind the main emphasis of NGRBA which is “no untreated municipal sewage and

industrial effluents would be allowed to enter the river Ganga after 2020”, it is essential to regulate

the waste water outfall in the river. Looking into the output of the situational analysis and

water quality monitoring of the river Hooghly, it has become quintessential to follow a

Detailed City Sanitation Plan which will look into the operation and maintenance of city


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sewerage and drainage and sanitation system. City Sanitation Plan has been formulated in

consultation with urban local body and other stakeholders in sectors of wastewater and

solid waste management with a vision and goal in 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and 30 years

and with a purpose to prepare a compendium of schemes necessary to convert the polluted

stretch of the river in the state to a stretch of the river having the desired quality of water.

2.2 Existing Sewerage Facility in Halisahar

2.2.1 Existing Sewerage:

Halisahar town does not have door to door sewerage system. However an interception &

diversion [I & D] scheme had been executed recently under Ganga Action Plan (GAP) in the

town with a view to intercept & diverts the contaminated dry weather flows of city drains to

sewage treatment plants and dispose it in river any after treatment. The project is

contemplated to divert Bager Khal (a drain coming from Kanchrapara & Gayespore) along

with 2 small drains of Halisahar to a 6.0 MLD Stabilization Pond type STP in Kalyani (at the

boarder of Halisahar). The other 4 drains of Halisahar are diverted to another 6.5 MLD

Stabilization Pond STP in the central part of Halisahar. The following works were executed

in this scheme.

1. Lifting Station No 1 (Southern Side) 5 M Sump diameter.

Pumps

3x25 lps / 15KW / 23 M

2x 12.25 lps/ 11KW / 23 M

2. Lifting Station No 2 (Northern Side) 5 M sump diameter.

Pumps

3x9 lps / 2 KW / 7.5 M

2x 5 lps/ 1.5 KW / 7.5 M

3. Interception Sewers

400 MM 2002 M

450 MM 390 M


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500 MM 830 M

3222 M

4. Forced Mains

150 MM 2450 M

300 MM 1180 M

3630 M

5. Main Pumping Station No 1 5 M Sump Diameter

Pumps

5x33 lps / 7.55KW / 10 M

6. Main Pumping Station No 2 5 M Sump Diameter

Pumps

3x68 lps / 30 KW / 20 M

2x 33 lps/ 15 KW / 20 M

7. Sewage Treatment Plant No 1

Average Top Dimensions

Anaerobic Ponds (55 x 45 M) 1No

Anaerobic Ponds (60 x 50 M) 1No

Facultative Ponds ( 70 x 60 M Average) 1 No

Maturation Ponds (180 x 85 M) 1 No

STABILIZATION POND AT STP NO 1


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8. Sewage Treatment Plant No 2

Anaerobic Ponds (36 x 24 M) 3 No

Facultative Ponds ( 70 x 40 M) 3 No

Maturation Ponds (82 x 27 M) 3 No

9. Effluent Sewer 360 M

The land available in Halisahar for STP NO-2 is 2.42 hectares.

The scheme is completed but is yet to be commissioned due to handing over issues to

ULB issues.

As explained, these works are basically for diversion of drains so no house

connections with the sewer are given.

In absence of comprehensive sewerage system, people continue to depend on septic

tanks and other type of country toilets.


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STP NO 2

STP NO 1

6 MLD

6.5 MLD

RCC SEWER400 MM 1050 m

RCC SEWER450/500 MM 1,220 M

RCC SEWER400/450 MM 1,642 M

FORCED MAIN300 MM 2,450 M

FORCED MAIN150 MM 1,180 M

LIFTING STATION NO 2

LIFTING STATION NO 1

[Waste Stabilization Ponds]

[Waste Stabilization Ponds]

N

HALISAHAREXISTING SEWERAGE WORKS UNDER GAP

2.2.2 Sanitation

Halisahar has three fold sanitation systems, such as:-

i) On-site Type: Pour Flush Type Latrines – A total number of 4,285 PF latrines are

existing covering almost 17% of total population.

ii) Semi On-site Type: Septic Tank Toilets – A total number of 11,094 Septic Tanks

are existing covering almost 52% of total population.

iii) Off-site Type: Sewer Network connection: This is under progress.

About 6% of the population either go for open defecation or use unhygienic latrines which

need immediate attention. The other main issue is the seepage that are being discharged

from the septic tanks directly to drain – approximately 25% of cases directly to open drain,

causing incidents of flooding a number of days – exposing all neighborhood at high risk for

oral transmission of diseases. These needs also adequate attention both at regulatory level

and also at implementation level so that all septic tanks should have soakage pits to drain-

away the seepages that come out from the septic tanks.

Five community toilets are being constructed in war nos. 8, 9, 15, 18 and 19 in the places like

Sarkar bazaar, Chowmatha Bazar, Hazinagar Unit 1 and 2 etc.


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Key Sanitation Issues

I. Maintenance & Cleaning of septic tanks.

II. Maintenance and repairs of pour flush latrines.

III. Open defecation in the town and along the banks of the river.

IV. Contamination of open drains by septic tank effluents, open defecation in drains and

connection of house toilets with drains particularly in slums.

V. Contamination of river by drain out falls particularly along the bathing ghats and

through open defecation.

2.2.3 Other on-going works

While no projects have been executed for Cleaning Ganga under JNNURM, at the slum level

schemes have been undertaken under BSUP which have a direct bearing on the pollution of

Ganga. Halisahar has also included drain improvement projects under the Draft

Development Plan.

2.3 The Need for the Project

Description of the Proposed Sewerage Project

Recently an Interception & Diversion Scheme under GAP was executed by KMDA under

which 3,912 m sewers (400/450 mm), 2 Lifting Stations, 2 Main Pumping Stations, 3,630 m

Pumping Mains and two stabilization type ponds (6.5 + 6) MLD was constructed basically to

trap the dry weather flows of these 6 drains and divert to STPs. Out of these drains one

Bager Khal has catchments beyond Halisahar. The scheme however has not yet been

commissioned.

Hence there is no other sewerage line in the town and I&D sewers were not proposed for

house connections. Presently there are 11,094 septic tanks and 4,285 pour flush latrines in

the town. About 20-15% of population, particularly from slums defecate in open or even at

the banks of Hooghly. There are 58 notified slums in the town. Many households have made

tiny toilets connected to open drains. The city as such is deprived of door to door sewerage

and residents depend on septic tanks or bore- hole type latrines, while sullage is passed to


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open drains. The slum dwellers on the other hand pass defecation to open drains through

privately partitioned latrines. The river in the area is extensively used for bathing and the

desired water quality as per guide lines is Class B with BOD>5 and Faecal Coliform around

500 MNP/100 ml.

In absence of comprehensive sewerage in the town the dry weather foul liquid wastes from

the town finds way to river and particularly from large slums in the town which have

latrines directly connected to the open drains in the vicinity. The other people are largely

depending on septic tanks and pour flush latrines which again continue to contaminate

ground water as well as open drains by continuous out flows from septic tanks. It is

therefore, a comprehensive sewerage project has been prepared for the town to maintain the

sanitation of the town without any contamination to the river Hooghly.

This along with sullage from houses and other sources causes contaminated flows in open

drains and near outfalls in river where bathing Ghats are also situated.

The town has many important bathing Ghats all along its 6 Km bank with Hooghly where

usually mass bathing is done particularly during festivals. There are two immersion Ghats

where people from adjoining places come for last recites along Hooghly. There are also

numerous ponds in the town which are quite contaminated due to city wastes. The seepage

from septic tanks and other type of such latrines are also causing contamination of ground

water which even rises to 2 M below ground level.

The tests for pollution levels in open drains and at bathing ghats shows high faecal coliforms

counts at both places. The BOD levels in some drains were found very high, indicating

contaminated discharges from industries. NGBRA has recently made the river standards for

bathing more stringent. The outfalls of drains discharge in close vicinity of bathing ghats. As

such there are chances that the flow of drains may reach to people before it is assimilated in

the flow of Hooghly. It is therefore necessary to trap all such pollution sources right at their

sources in the town by a comprehensive sewerage scheme and hence the need for such a

project.

Under NGRBA, the proposed project has been designed with the following components


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2.3.1 Main Components of the Project

Sewerage Network

The pivotal trunk sewer is proposed internal Road which runs all through the middle of the

town in North-West direction. All the sub trunks in other directions would converse in the

trunk sewer leading the flow to proposed STP and the present I&D STP location in ward 9 &

10.

Sewerage Districts & Zones: The town has been divided in sewerage zones depending on

physical boundaries and nature of loads. In Halisahar, the municipal wards are carved with

city’s important roads as boundaries. Thus the sewage zones are also conceived more or less

on this principal. The load of one zone shall be drained in sewer along the road on down

side. The details of sewer network in zones are described below.

LS1 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 19,20,21,22 & 23.Most of the

wards are occupied by industries and factories having large number of work man quarters

in mill compounds. The sewer lines have not been proposed inside mills or factories private

compounds; however the residential load from mills’ quarters has been taken on the city

sewers passing along the municipal roads outside such private campuses and are ultimately

pumped to existing LS1 and discharged to LS3.

LS3 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 16,17,18 &part of ward 19.

Most of the wards are occupied by industries and factories having large number of work

man quarters in mill compounds. The sewer lines have not been proposed inside mills or

factories private compounds; however the residential load from mills’ quarters has been

taken on the city sewers passing along the municipal roads outside such private campuses

and ultimately pump to the existing MPS via LS3.

LS2 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6&7. A small area

of ward 1 in northern part is low lying which cannot be drained without pumping in nearby

proposed sewers. It is proposed to be in Ext. MPS-2 city drains that leads the flow to existing

MPS No-2 closest with Kalyani i.e. in reverse direction to Halisahar STP in ward no 9 and 10.

In order to carry the sewage of zone one, this I&D sewer need to be dismantled as after

introduction of comprehensive sewerage in the town, the need for I&D works would


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gradually diminish. As the dry weather flows in the city drains would be replaced by new

sewage in system slope towards Halisahar STP in ward no 9 and 10.

LS4 sewerage network zone: These zones comprise wards no 8 & 9 and 11, 12,13

respectively. The sub trunks and laterals are proposed to be connected with main T0 trunk

line originating from one and leading to proposed 19.46 MLD STP. From ward 13, 14, total

discharge will go to LS4 and deeper (below 7m) for which an underground lifting station

has been proposed which show in the map.

LS5 sewerage network zone: This zone comprises ward no 15 and the total load will come

to the proposed L.S 5. The depth of sewer line goes below 7m if only one LS is proposed in

this zone. Hence one underground lifting station to reduce the invert depth has been

proposed. In Halisahar municipality, ground water table is very high. So in this area deep

excavation is not possible for which a total of 4nos of underground lifting station in the

whole sewerage network Halisahar has been proposed.

LS5 sewerage network zone: The main pumping station, where all the trunks from all

directions are drained, shall pump sewage to 19.26 MLD STP proposed on the land of

existing STP No 1 in ward No9. Here again one more underground lifting station to reduce

the invert depth of sewer line is required.

a) Minimum Size of Sewers: Minimum size of sewers is kept as 200 MM for ease in

maintenance.

b) Trench Width, Bedding etc.: The provision for minimum trench widths, bedding

concrete, shuttering etc. has been made as per guidelines provided in KMDA S&W

SoR and CPHEE Manual. Basic sizes are shown in the following table:-


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Sewer

Diameter

Base

Trench

Width

Bed

concrete

150 475 200

200 530 250

250 580 250

300 750 250

350 865 250

400 900 290

450 975 290

500 1050 290

600 1200 345

700 1425 395

800 1500 450

900 1650 500

1000 1700 560

MM

Suitable offsets in trench widths are given for deeper excavation depths. The trenching has

been provided with slope towards sewer.

c) Manholes: Manholes have been provided at an average spacing of 30 M. A provision

of 5% extra MHs has also been made for extra bends, junctions nala crossings etc.

RCC Pre cast man holes have been provided due construction ease in high water

level. In general such manholes would prevail better quality, resistance to infiltration

and fast progress at site over conventional brick man holes. . Pre cast MHs are not yet

common hence care must be taken in approval of venders, quality and rates.

d) House Connections: In order to encourage people to shift to sewer connections from

their past septic tank and other type of latrines, provision for 27,600 house

connections from property line to manholes has been made in the project.

e) Other Provisions: Provisions for timber shuttering has been made for deeper sewers

or at places where soil is loose or the site is with any other problem. Since the water

table is high in the area, provision for sheet piling, protection shoring has also been

made for deeper reaches along with provision for pumping of any ground water

entering in the trenches to protect the surrounding soil. 3.75 cm thick close timbering

with planks, battens, runners struts etc. complete removing them including

penetration of shoring as per direction of engineer -in -Charge up to 1 M trench

width Depth up to 2.00 M below G.L and 6.5 cm thick close timbering with planks,

battens, runners struts etc. complete removing them including penetration of shoring

as per direction of engineer -in -Charge up to Depth up to 5.0 M below G.L. Depth

below 5m use MS joist/ plate shoring. Provision for cleaning of existing sewer lines

to put in service has also been made.


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Provision for Tankers with two numbers Tractor with water filling arrangement for

Flushing of Sewer as per requirement (Truck Mounted High Pressure Jetting Cum

Suction Machine of Capacity 8000 Ltr. Mounted on 16 T GVW Truck Chassis).

f) Provision for road cutting and reinstatement has been made.

The description of the different components is provided below:

a. Rising main:

Total 580m rising main are proposed in this scheme. The detailed are following below:

It. No. Item Dia of Pipe (mm) Length (m)

1 LIFTING STATION NO-1 250 100



4 LIFTING STATION No.-4 200 30

5 LIFTING STATION No.-5 200 30

6 MPS-1 200 100

7 MPS-2 800 200

8 UNDER GROUND LIFTING STATION of LS-4 200 30

9 UNDER GROUND LIFTING STATION of LS-5 150 30

10 UGLS of MPS-2 450 30

Total 580

b. Lifting Station:

In all 3 new lifting stations, two ext. L.S and one main pumping station at proposed

STP site have been proposed. The basic object of lifting stations is to keep sewer

depth within 5.5 to 6 meters, except few expectations due to local ground

undulations. Pumping stations are provided of RCC, with sump to collect sewage

from out fall sewer. A brick work pumping station is provided over the half of

sump. Since submersible pumps have been proposed, the pump house would

basically house the switch boards and other controls for the pumps.

The details of existing and proposed pumping stations are given below;


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Item Capacity (MLD)

Land requirement

Remark

1. Existing (under I & D )lifting station LS 1 Ward- 20

1.51 Existing Deeper sump will be proposed in the ext. boundary, only pump house will be utilized

2. Existing (under I & D )lifting station LS 2 Ward- 6


3. Main pumping Station Ward- 9


4. proposed LS 3 Ward- 18

2.82 10 M X 15M Municipal land

5. proposed LS 4 Ward- 8


6, proposed LS 5 Ward- 14


7. LS2- A Ward- 2

1.44 Under ground

8. UGLS of LS4 Ward- 14

0.55 Under ground

9. UGLS of LS5 Ward- 15

0.71 Under ground

10. UGLS of MPS Ward- 2

19.18 Under ground

Design Criteria

Design Period :2046 for Civil Structure

2031 for Electrical and Mechanical Installations including pumps and motors

2046 for Pressure Main

Pumping Stations: Consideration of Static and Dynamic Heads for pump and peak

velocities in pressure main

Pump Type : Submersible Non-Clog Type

Peak Sewage Flow : Average of Peak Flows

Detention time :8-10 minutes of peak flow

c. STP:

The present Sewage Treatment Plant (STP-1) in the town introduced under I&D

GAP is of stabilization ponds type with a capacity of 6.5 MLD. As per guide line the


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STP would be provided for next 10 years requirements i.e. 2024 AD. The projected

sewage load for the town in 2014, 2024 and 2044 is expected as 16, 17.5 and 21 MLD

respectively. Thus STP would be provided in modular approach say in modules of

8.5 + 8.5 + 4 MLD units. Initially a capacity 8.5 + 8.5 [ 17 ] MLD shall be raised for

the requirements for next 10 years and there after another unit of 4 MLD would be

added.

The surrounding features of the proposed sites of the entire project are –

Ward no 8: Lifting station: Walled vacant land, trenching ground on Niranjan

Saraniwith no significant flora or fauna to be impacted other than termites, ants

which will find an alternative abode.

Ward no 12: STP: Open grassland within residential area on Mishri Pukurroad. The

available land at STP site is about 2.4 hectare.

Expected Efficiency

Expected Influent and effluent quality is as below ;>

Inlet

BOD 150 mg/lt

COD 300 mg/lt

TSS 300 mg/lt

Expected Outlet Parameters

BOD < 20 mg/lt

COD< 100 mg/lt

TSS< 30 mg/lt

pH 6.5-7.5

Coli form< 10,000 per 100 ml

Effluent Disposal:

The nearest disposal place for effluent is Kona Khal (which outfalls in Hooghly).

The effluent shall be disposed through pumping above HFL of the drain. The

resource recovery in any ways or in combination of (i) Sale of sludge as manure (ii)

Sale of treated water for irrigation, horticulture (iii) Pisciculture(iv) Carbon credit

Ward no 14: Lifting station: Vacant land beside Alakananda Water Tank on Col K.P

Gupta road. Trees like Mango, Banyan are in the vicinity which will not be impacted

by the project.

Ward no 18: Lifting station: Vacant ESR Site between Two Overhead Water Tank –

not significant impact on flora.


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The snapshots of the existing and proposed sites have been provided below:

W-20Galurpara, Existing LS W-2Bagmore, Existing LS W- 8Mishiripukur, Existing LS

W-14Alakananda water tank, ,

Proposed LS

W-8Trenching Ground, ,

Proposed LS

W-18 Proposed LS

Ward 12 Proposed STP site

The site plans for different project components have been presented below:


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2.3.2 Implementation Schedule

The implementation schedule is as follows


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2.3.3 Cost Summary

Item

No. Description Quantity Unit

Amount

(Lakhs)

A Basic cost

(a) Sewer Network 226.994 km 18654.39

(b) Pumping station 5 LS+3 UGLS+2

MPS

Nos. 883.19

© Rising Main 0.610 km 102.55

(d) Sewage Treatment Plant(STP) including

disinfection (16MLD)

16 MLD 2352.92

(e) Boundary Wall 440 m 23.04

Subtotal(A)

22016.09

B Charges

1 Cost of project preparation @4% as per the

NGRBA guidelines

880.64


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Item

No. Description Quantity Unit

Amount

(Lakhs)

2 Cost of supervision of project@4% as per the

NGRBA guidelines

880.64

Subtotal(B) 1761.28

1 ESMF 78.38

2 Communication 20.00

3 GAAP 6.00

Subtotal © 104.38

O&M Cost

(j) O&M Cost of Works for 5 Years of

commissioning of project

3593.87

Sub-total(D) 3593.87

Grand total (A+B+C+D) 27475.62

Say Rs in Crore 274.76

Central Govt. Share 70% (in Crore) 192.33

State Govt. Share 30% (in Crore) 82.43


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CHAPTER 3: APPROACH AND

METHODOLOGY


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3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The Objective of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure

environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA’s endeavor of Mission Clean Ganga by

effective management of environmental and social issues in all the investments with a

special focus on the following:

ensure that all investments adhere to the national, state and local regulatory

requirements during the design, implementation and operation stages

ensure that best environmental and social practices are mainstreamed/ integrated

during design, implementation and operation of the investments

strive to enhance environmental conditions wherever feasible

undertake to develop communication strategy, capacity building and training

initiatives for all stakeholders such as the SPMGs, EAs, ULBs, NGOs and common

citizen

The approach to the development of ESMF has been a mix of technical as well as

participatory exercise.


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3.1 Methodology

The following methodology shall be adopted to maximize outputs:

Project Description &

Analysis

Environment Details

of Project Area

Environmental &

Social Impact

Assessment

Social Survey and

Discussion with Local

Population

Field Survey and

Stakeholder

Consultation

Secondary Data

Analysis

Screening Activity

DEVELOPING

MITIGATION PLAN


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3.2 Screening and Categorization

The project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of

its potential environmental impacts. The extent of assessment required to identify and

mitigate the impacts largely depends upon the complexities of project activities.

The scrutiny and screening has been based on a detailed Environment and Social Screening

exercise, summarized in table below

Table 3.1: Environmental and Social Information Format for Screening

Project Title Sewerage Integration work and Sewage Treatment Plant at Halisahar

Town, West Bengal under NGRBA

Location Halishshar Municipality. North 24 Parganas District

Implementing

Agency

Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA)

Project Cost 274.76 crores

Project

Components

1. Total 226.99 km sewer line including house connection (diameter varies

from 150 - 900mm) are proposed

2. 2 lifting station with augmentation (additional deeper sump) and 3 new

lifting stations and also 3 underground L.S

3. Augmentation 2 Ext. MPS with increasing pump capacity and

providing additional deeper sump within the ext. campus.

Augmentation of existing 6.5 mld STP to 16 mld


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S. No. Screening Criteria Assessment of

Category

(High/ low)

Remarks /Explanatory note

for categorisation

1 Is the project in an eco-sensitive

area or adjoining an eco-

sensitive area? (Yes/No) If Yes,

which is the area? Elaborate

impact accordingly.

No impact Halisahar is not located near

any eco-sensitive area and

there is no such area within

100 kms.

2 Will the project create

significant/ limited/ no social

impacts?

No Impact There will be no land

acquisition for the lifting

station. Underground lifting

stations will be installed

underthe right of way of the

Municipal road. All these

land belong to Municipal

Authority.

a Land acquisition resulting in

loss of income from

agricultural land, plantation or

other existing land-use.

No Impact Not Applicable

b Land acquisition resulting in

relocation of households.


c Any reduction of access to

traditional and river dependent

communities (to river and areas

where they earn for their

primary or substantial

livelihood).


d Any displacement or adverse

impact on tribal settlement(s).

No Impact No land acquisition or

relocation of settlement is

required.


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Category

(High/ low)


for categorisation

e Any specific gender issues. No Impact No gender issues

observed/raised in the

public consultation.


significant / limited / no

environmental impacts during

the construction stage?

Low and short

term Impact

The STP is going to be in the

open land and there will be

short term limited

environmental impact on

settlement like? mention

names.

The proposed lifting stations

will be constructed in the

open areas will minimise the

impact

The proposed sewer line will

be under the road with

minimum 3m or more road

width.

a Clearance of vegetation/ tree-

cover

Low Impact No vegetation or tree cover

needs to be cleared

b Direct discharge of

construction run-off, improper

storage and disposal of

excavation spoils, wastes and

other construction materials

adversely affecting water

quality and flow regimes.

Low and short

term impact

No such major construction.

The STP will be FAB type

prefabricated units with

minimal civil works.

The laying of sewer lines

will not produce any

significant amount of waste.

c Flooding of adjacent areas Low Impact Dewatering for construction

will not generate significant

amount of water to flood


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Category

(High/ low)


for categorisation

adjacent areas

Back-up power system has

been proposed in the

pumping stations so that it

will not create flooding in

case of power failure.

d Improper storage and handling

of substances leading to

contamination of soil and water

Low and short

term impact

No such material will be

used which may

contaminate or create

pollution.

e Elevated noise and dust

emission.

Low and short

term impact

Proper measure will be

taken during sewer lying to

minimise the noise and dust

emissions.

The contractor has to submit

the method statement to

comply with Air Act, 1981 &

Noise Rules as per EP Act,

1986 before construction.

f Disruption to traffic

movements

Low and short

term Impact

Proper diversion of traffic

will ensure less disruption

during construction.

g Damage to existing

infrastructure, public utilities,

amenities etc.

Low and short

term Impact

Utility mapping of the

existing infrastructure and

relocation of the same if

required will minimise the

damage on existing

infrastructure.

h Failure to restore temporary

construction sites

Low and short

term Impact

The roads will be reinstated

to its original conditions


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Category

(High/ low)


for categorisation

after lying of sewer line.

i Possible conflicts with and/or

disruption to local community

No impact The local community will be

made aware of the

temporary nature of

disruption.

j Health risks due to unhygienic

conditions at workers‟ camps

Low Impact Adequate sanitation facilities

and safety arrangement will

be provided to the workers

to tackle on-site hazards.

k Safety hazards during

construction

Low and short

term Impact

Proper health and safety

statement will be submitted

by the contractor and

approved by The Engineer

prior to the construction.


significant / limited / no

environmental impacts during

the operational stage?

(Significant / limited / no

impacts)

Limited STP will have minimal

odour and noise pollution.

a Flooding of adjacent areas Low Impact Back-up power for the

pumping stations will

ensure minimum flooding

and odour nuisance in case

of power failure.

Properly designed sewer line

will minimise the impact on

environment.

b Impacts to water quality due to Low Impact The characteristics of the


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Category

(High/ low)


for categorisation

effluent discharge treated waste water from

FAB reactor will be within

limit set by CPCB/MoEF.

c Gas emissions Low Impact SB reactor is a compact

system and the possibility of

the Gas emission is very less.

d Safety hazards Low Impact Mechanised system and

trained people will be used

to run the Pumping stations

and STPs will reduce the risk

of safety hazards

5 Do projects of this nature /

type require prior

environmental clearance either

from the MOEF or from a

relevant state Government

department? (MOEF/ relevant

State Government department/

No clearance at all)

No clearance

required

The project is not an

environmental sensitive

project and does not require

clearance as Environmental

Impact Assessment

Notification 14th Sep-2006

6 Does the project involve any

prior clearance from the MOEF

or State Forest department for

either the conversion of forest

land or for tree-cutting? (Yes/

No). If yes, which?

No clearance

required as per

The Forest

(Conservation)

Act,1980

The STP is located in the

existing GAP laid project

sites & sewers along roads.

Hence chances of tree-

cutting are remote.


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3.3 Screening Conclusion

Halisahar is not located near any eco-sensitive area. Further the proposed project will not

involve any land acquisition or displacement of any category of people including tribal. The

construction of proposed STP will have marginal environmental impact on the adjoining

settlement in terms of dust and noise during construction. However compliance with Air

Act 1981 and Noise Rules, EP Act 1986 will be mandatory for contractors. The Lifting

stations being located in open grounds will not create any environmental impact. The laying

of sewer lines will not produce any significant amount of waste particularly since it will be

laid under minimum 3 m width roads. The roads will be reinstated to its original conditions

after lying of sewer line. Traffic disruptions will be avoided through appropriate diversions.

There will be no significant adverse impacts in terms of flooding, gas emission, waste

discharge, health risks etc. Hence Environmental Clearances and abidance to Social laws and

Regulations are not relevant in the context of the Proposed Sewerage project in Halisahar.

Based on the assessment of overall social and environmental impacts, the project can be

categorised as a “Low” impact project.


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CHAPTER 4: REGULATIONS AND

LEGAL FRAMEWORK


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4. REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The national, state and local environmental and social regulatory requirements that are

applicable to the investments proposed are given in this section. As the applicability of these

legal requirements would depend on the nature of the specific investments, the exact

applicability cannot be determined at this stage. SPMGs and the State level executing

agencies (EA) would ensure compliance of these requirements by all concerned.

PMG would verify whether the investments are in compliance with these regulatory

requirements prior to granting approval to the investments and disbursement of funds.

During implementation, PMG would ensure that SPMGs monitor the ESMF compliance in

all investments on an on-going basis.

The following laws and regulations are applicable to the environmental and social aspects of

the investments implemented under the programme:

Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations

Applicable Social Laws and Regulations

Legislations applicable to construction activities

World Bank’s Operational Policies

4.1Applicable Laws and Regulations-Environmental

4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India

The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations

pertaining to environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is umbrella legislation

for the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to administer the

legislation has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),

Government of India and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution

Control Boards (SPCBs).


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4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and other related Regulations

The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the investments under the

NGRBP are given in the table 4.1 below. The key environmental regulations can also be

accessed at www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations.

Table 4.1 Key Environmental Laws relevant to the project

S. No.

Act/Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority

1 Environment

Protection

Act,1986

To protect and improve

overall environment

As all environmental

notifications, rules and

schedules are issued

under this act.

MoEF, Gol;

DoEF, State

Govt.;

CPCB;,

WBPCB

2 Environmental

Impact

Assessment

(EIA)Notification

14th Sep-2006

Mandatory

environmental clearance

to certain category of

new development

activities following

environmental impact

assessment

Not Applicable as per the

schedule of activities

listed under EIA

notification.

MoEF, EIAA

3 Air (Prevention

and Control of

Pollution) Act,

1981

To control air pollution

by controlling emission

of air pollutants as per

the prescribed

standards.

This act will be

applicable during

construction;

WBPCB

4 Water Prevention

and Control of

Pollution Act,

1974

To control water

pollution by controlling

discharge of pollutants

as per the prescribed

standards

This act will be

applicable during

construction.

The consent from the

regulatory authority,

particularly for the STP ,

will be obtained prior to

the award of civil works

contract.

WBPCB

http://www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations


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S. No.


5 The Noise

Pollution

(Regulation and

Control) Rules,

2000

The standards for noise

for day and night have

been promulgated by

the MoEF for various

land uses.

This act will be

applicable for all

construction equipment

deployed at worksite

WBPCB

6 The Biological

Diversity Act,

2002and 2004

This Act is for ensuring

the conservation,

sustainable use, fair and

equitable sharing of the

benefits from the use

and increased

knowledge of the

country’s biological

diversity.

The Act will be

applicable

For any activity where

flora and fauna is at risk.

However it is not

applicable in the present

context

Central

Government

7 The Wildlife

(Protection) Act,

1972 and Its

Amendments

Protection of plants in

forest areas and states

that there should be no

damage or destruction

of plants or other

vegetation on forest

lands.

The Act will be

applicable where

construction happens

close to wild life zones.

Not applicable in the

present context

Central

Government

8 The Forest

(Conservation)

Act, 1980

For the conservation of

forests and related

issues.

The Act not only includes

forest lands of the Forest

Department but also

private and village

forests and hence is

applicable in case of

construction activities.

Not applicable in the

present context

Central

Government

9 The Ancient

Monuments and

For preservation of

ancient and historical

Applicable for

archaeological

National

Monuments


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S. No.


Archaeological

Sites and

Remains Act ,

1958

monuments and

archaeological sites

excavations. Not

applicable in the present

context

Authority

under

Central

Government

4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social

All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues, need

directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate actions. These

policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support administrator,

implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This section includes the

policies and Acts as detailed under:

Policies and Acts

a) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,

2006

b) Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and

Rehabilitation Act, 2013

c) NGRBA Environmental and Social Management Framework

The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest

Rights) Act, 2006 (not applicable): This law provides for recognition of forest rights to

Scheduled Tribes in occupation of the forest land prior to 13.12.2005 and to other traditional

forest dwellers who are in occupation of the forest land for at least 3 generations i.e. 75

years, up to maximum of 4 hectares. These rights are heritable but not alienable or

transferable.

Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and

Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (Not Applicable): .

Given below is the comparative analysis of RFCTLAR&R, 2013 and World Bank OP 4.12.


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Serial No. Topics/Issues/Area

s

World Bank OP4.12 RFCTLAR&R, 2013

1 Application of LA Direct economic and social

impacts that both result from

Bank-assisted investment

projects. Applies to all

components of the project that

result in involuntary

resettlement, regardless of the

source of financing.

Section 2 Applicable

to projects where

government

acquires land for its

own use, hold and

control, including

PSU and for public

purpose; for PPP

where ownership of

land continues to

vest with govt;

private companies

where 80% of land

owners2 have given

consent or 70% in

case of PPP.

Principle of

avoidance

Involuntary resettlement

should be avoided where

feasible, or minimized,

exploring all viable alternative

project design

Alternatives to be

considered as Act in

chapter II, point # 4

(d) says "extent of

land propsoed for

acquisition is the

absolute bare

minimum needed

for the project; and

(e ) says land

acquisition at an

alternate palce has

been considered and

found not feasible.

Linkages with other

projects

No such provision

2. Application of R&R Same as above In addition to the

above,

Section 2(3) land

purchased by

2 Land Owner – whose land and immovable property acquired and land assigned by state or central govt under any scheme (Section 3 c (i) and (v))


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private company as

prescribed by Govt.

or when part

acquired by govt

3. Affected area Involuntary take of land

resulting in loss of shelter, loss

of assets or access to assets,

loss of income sources or

means of livelihood

Section3(b): Area

notified for

‘acquisition’

4. Family

All adversely affected people

whether have formal legal

rights or do not have formal

legal rights on land

Section 3(m)

includes person, his

and her spouse,

minor children,

minor brothers and

sisters dependent.

Widows, divorcees,

abandoned women

will be considered

as separate family.

5. Affected family for

eligibility

Section 3 (a): whose

land and other

immovable property

acquired.

(b)&(e): Family

residing in affected

area such as

labourers, tenants,

dependent on forest

and water bodies,

etc whose primary

source of livelihood

is affected due to

acquisition

(c)Scheduled tribes

and other forest

dwellers whose

rights recognized

under the Forest

Dwellers Act 2006.


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(f) Family assigned

land by state or

central government

under any schemes

(g) Family residing

on any land in

urban area that will

be acquired or

primary source of

livelihood affected

by acquisition.

6. Cut-Off date Date established by the

borrower and acceptable to the

Bank. In practice it is the date

of census.

Section 3 c (ii), (iv)

(vi): Families

residing for

preceding 3 yrs or

more prior to

“acquisition of

land”.

7. Non-application of

Chapter II

Stand-alone SIA for all

investments

Section 6(2):

Irrigation projects

where EIA is

required under

other laws,

provisions of SIA

not applicable.

7. Consultation –

Phase I during

preparation

Consultation a continuous

process during planning and

implementation

Section 4(1) date

issued for first

consultation with

PRIs, Urban local

bodies,

Municipalities, etc to

carry out SIA.

Section 5: Public

hearing of SIA in

affected area.

Provide adequate

publicity of date and

time.

8. Time duration to

prepare SIA and

Draft Social Assessment,

Resettlement Action Plan and

Section 4 (2): within

six months from the


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SIMP or Social Management

Framework prepared before

appraisal.

date of its

commencement.

9. Disclosure – Stage I To be disclosed before

appraisal and 120 days before

board date.

Section 6(1):

Translated in local

language available

in PRI institutions

and local urban

government bodies;

district

administrative

offices and websites

of concerned.

government agency.

10. Formation of Expert

Group to appraise

SIA and SIMP

Appraised by Bank staff Section 7(1):

Constitute a multi-

disciplinary Expert

Group include

members of

decentralized govt

Institutes (PRIs,

ULBs).

11. Time stipulated for

Group to submit its

report

Before the decision meeting

for appraisal

Section 7(4): Submit

its report within

two months from

the date of its

constitution

12. Scope of work of the

Expert group

Social Assessment,

resettlement action Plan

reviewed and appraised by

Bank staff and approved by

Regional safeguard advisor

Section 7 (4) (a&b):

assess whether it

serves any public

purpose or not; if

social costs

outweigh potential

benefits then should

be abandoned;

Section 7 (5) (a&b):

if serves public

purpose, then it has

considered

minimum land

acquisition, and


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alternate options to

minimize

displacement;

potential benefits

outweigh social

costs

13. Consultation –

Phase II during

appraisal

In practice consultation

workshops are organized in

project affected areas at

district and state level.

Section 2 (2): Prior

consent of 80% and

70% of land owners

in PPP and where

private company

has approached the

govt to acquire

balance land has

been obtained,

14. Disclosure – Stage II Information dissemination

through the planning and

implementation

Section 7 (6):

recommendations of

expert group under

7(4&5)to be made

public in local

language in district

and block

administrative office

and PRIs

15. Minimize impact on

multi-crop land

Select feasible design that has

minimal adverse impact.

Section 10: In case

multi-crop land is to

be acquired under

exceptional

circumstances, the

area to be acquired

cannot exceed

aggregate of land of

all projects in

district or state. The

area to be acquired

cannot exceed the

total net sown area

of the district or

state.

Wasteland

equivalent to twice


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the area acquired

will be developed.

16. Information

dissemination of

preliminary notice

Continuous part of the

preparation and participation

Section 11 (1), (2) &

(3): Notice

published in local

language and

meetings called of

gram sabahs,

municipalities to

provide full

information about

the purpose of the

project, summary of

SIA and particulars

of administrator

appointed for R&R’

summary of R&R

scheme

17. Updating land

records

To be part of RAP Section 11 (5): Once

established that the

land is required for

public purpose,

accordingly notice

to be issued under

section 19 following

which land records

to be updated

within two months

18. Census and

preparation of R&R

schemes

To be part of RAP Section 16 (1) (2):

carry out census of

affected people and

their assets to be

affected, livelihood

loss and common

property to be

affected; R&R

scheme including

time line for

implementation.

19. Information

dissemination and

Section 16(4)&(5):

mandatory to


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Public hearing -

Stage III

Consultation throughout the

process is mandatory

disseminate

information on R&R

scheme including

resettlement area

and organize public

hearing on the Draft

R&R scheme in each

Gram Sabha,

Municipality and

consultations in

Scheduled area as

required under

PESA.

20. Approval of R&R

Scheme

Section 17 & 18:

Draft R&R Scheme

to be finalized after

addressing

objections raised

during public

hearing and

approved.

21. Final declaration of

R&R Scheme

Approved RAP including

budgetary provisions to

implement it

Section 19 (2): Only

after the requiring

body has deposited

the money will the

govt issue the notice

along with 19(1).

22. Time period

stipulated.

Included in RAP - Time line

synchronized with

Government’s procedures or

adopts innovative methods to

reduce the time which is based

operated on the principles of

participation and

transparency.

Section 19 (2): the

entire process to

update land records,

disseminate

information,

preliminary survey,

census, hearing of

objections,

preparation of R&R

schemes and

approval, deposit of

money must

complete within 12

months from the

date on which


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section 11, the

preliminary notice

issued.

Section 19 (7): If the

final declaration not

made within 12

months of section

11 (1), the process

will lapse, except

under special

circumstances.

23. Preparation of land

acquisition plans

Included in RAP.

Section 20: Land

marked, measured

for preparation of

acquisition plans.

24. Hearing of claims Section 21(1) (2):

Notices issued

indicating govt’s

intension to take

possession of land,

and claims on

compensation and

R&R can be made

not less than one

month and not more

than six month from

the date of issue of

section 21(1).

25. Time period

stipulated for

declaring the award

Section 25: It is

required to

announce the award

within 12 months of

issue of Section 19

(final declaration to

acquire land,

approved R&R

scheme) after

completing land

acquisition plans,

hearing of objection,

settling individual


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claims for

declaration of the

award. If award not

made within the

stipulated time, the

entire proceedings

will lapse.

26. LA Act 1984 deem

to lapse and

RFCTLAR&R is

applicable

Section 24: where

award is not

declared under

section 11, or where

made five years ago

but land not taken in

possession or where

award declared but

money not

deposited in the

account of majority

of beneficiary.

27. Methodology for

determining market

value for land

Full replacement Cost Section 26 and First

Schedule:

Recognizes 3

methods and

whichever is higher

will be considered

which will be

multiplied by a

factor given in

Schedule First;

compensation given

earlier will not be

considered; if rates

not available floor

price can be set;

steps to be taken to

update the market

value.

28. Valuation of

structures

Full Replacement cost Section 29 (1)

without deducting

the depreciated

value.


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29. Solatium and

interest

Section 30(1) 100%

of the compensation

amount

Section 30(3): 12%

per annum on the

market rate from the

date of notification

of SIA to the date of

ward or land taken

over

30. R&R Award Total cost included in RAP to

resettle and rehabilitate the

affected persons and assist in

their efforts to improve their

livelihoods and standards of

living or at least to restore

them, in real terms, to pre-

displacement levels or to

levels prevailing prior to the

beginning of project

implementation, whichever is

higher

Section 31, Second

Schedule: A family

as a unit will receive

R&R grant over and

above the

compensation and

those who are not

entitled to

compensation.

Second Schedule:

Homeless entitled to

constructed house,

land for land in

irrigation projects in

lieu of

compensation, in

case of acquisition

for urbanization

20% of developed

land reserved for

owners at a prices

equal to

compensation’ jobs

or one time payment

or annuity for 20

years’ subsistence

grant,

transportation, land

and house

registered on joint

name husband and


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wife, etc

31 Transparency Section 37(1):

Information of each

individual family

including loss,

compensation

awarded, etc will be

available on the

website.

38. Possession of land Taking of land and related

assets may take place only

after compensation has been

paid and, where applicable,

resettlement sites and moving

allowances have been

provided to the displaced

persons.

Section 38(1): Land

will be taken over

by the government

within three months

of compensation

and 6 months of

R&R benefits

disbursed;

infrastructure

facilities at

resettlement sites

will be completed

within 18 months

from the date of

award made under

section 30 for

compensation; in

case of irrigation

and hydle projects

R&R completed six

months prior to

submergence.

39. Multiple

displacement

Section 39:

Additional

compensation

equivalent to

compensation

determined will be

paid to displaced

31. Acquisition for

emergency purpose

Not permeable in bank funded

projects

Section 40 (5): 75%

additional

compensation will


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be paid over and

above the

compensation

amount

32. Prior consent before

acquisition and

alienation

Mandatory to carry out Free,

Prior, Informed Consultation

with Indigenous people.

Section 41(3)

Mandatory to get

consent from Gram

sabah, Panchayat,

Autonomous

Councils in

Scheduled areas.

33. Development plans

for SC and ST

Indigenous Peoples’

Development plan required

along with RAP.

Land for land for is an option

across all sectors.

Section 41: Separate

development plans

to be prepared,

settle land rights

before acquisition;

provision of for

alternate fuel

fodder, non-timber

produce on forest

land to be

developed within 5

years; 1/3rd

compensation

amount to be paid

as first installment

and rest at the time

of taking possession;

ST to be resettled

within Scheduled

area; land free of

cost for community

purpose; land

alienation will be

null and void and

ST and SC

considered for R&R

benefits; fishing

rights restored in

irrigation and hydle

projects; if wish to

settle outside the

district additional


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benefits to be

provided in

monetary terms; all

rights enjoyed under

other laws will

continue.

Second Schedule:

additional

provisions for

SC&ST for land for

land in irrigation

projects, additional

sum over and above

the subsistence

grant,

34. Institutional

arrangement

Institutional arrangement

must be agreed upon and

included in RAP, IPDP.

Section 43-45:

Appointment of

administrator, R&R

Commissioner,

when more than 100

acres of land is to be

acquired, R&R

Committee will be

formed at project

level, social audit to

be carried out by

Gram Sabha and

Municipalities.

35. Change of land use Section 46(4): Land

will not be

transferred to the

requisitioning

authority till R&R is

not complied with

in full

36 Monitoring and

Evaluation

Indicators and monitoring

system included in RAP and

IPDP

Section 48-50:Set up

National and State

level Monitoring

Committee to

review and monitor

progress


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37. Authority to settle

claims

Section 51-74: the

Authority will be set

up settle any legal

disputes that arise

from acquisition and

R&R, the aggrieved

party can move to

the high court

thereafter.

38. Exempt from tax

and fee

Section 96:

Compensation and

agreements will not

be liable to tax

39. No change in status

of land acquired

Section 99: Once the

land is acquired for

a particular purpose,

its purpose cannot

be changed

40. Return of unutilized

land

Section 101: If the

acquired land

remains unutilized

for 5 years, then it

will be returned to

original owner, heir

or included in land

bank

41. Distribution of

increased value of

land transferred

Section102: 40% of

appreciated value of

acquired land will

be distributed to

owners provided no

development has

taken place.

NGRBA Environmental and Social Management Framework (Applicable):

Given the distributed nature of investments in multiple states, the investments

under the program may entail environmental and social impacts. The environment

and social framework is intended to help manage the social and environmental


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impacts through appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction

and operation phases of various investments. The framework will identify the

adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the

policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment

along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies. The document

essentially comprises the following key sections:

A brief summary of key probable Environmental and Social Impacts

Environment and Social Regulatory Framework applicable for the program

Environment Management Framework

Social Management Framework

Project Appraisal, Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements

Institutional Arrangements

Training and Capacity Building for ESMF

The guidelines are prepared for addressing the issues limited to this project for

resettlement and rehabilitation of the PAPs. This policy has been developed based

on the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007 and the World Bank

OPs 4.12 on involuntary resettlement and 4.10 on indigenous peoples.

The 'Social Policy‘ of NGRBP aims to resettle and rehabilitate the affected persons on

account of its sub projects in a manner that they do not suffer from adverse effects

and shall improve or at the minimum retain their previous standard of living,

earning capacity and production levels. It is also the endeavor of the NGRBP that the

resettlement shall minimize dependency and be sustainable socially, economically

and institutionally. Special attention will be paid for the improvement of living

standards of marginalized and vulnerable groups.

4.3 Other legislations applicable to construction activities

Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The

construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which

include inter alia, the following:


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Table 4.2 Other legislations applicable

Sl

No

Act/ Rule Purpose Authority

1 Workmen's

Compensation Act 1923

Provides for compensation in case of

injury by accident arising out of and

during the course of employment)

Contractor

2 Contract Labor

(Regulation and

Abolition) Act, 1970

Provides for certain welfare measures to

be provided by the contractor to contract

labour

Contractor

3 Minimum Wages Act,

1948

The employer is supposed to pay not less

than the Minimum Wages fixed by the

Government as per provisions of the Act

Contractor

4 Payment of Wages Act,

1936

Lays down as to by what date the wages

are to be paid, when it will be paid and

what deductions can be made from the

wages of the workers

Contractor

5 Equal Remuneration

Act, 1979

Provides for payment of equal wages for

work of equal nature to Male and Female

workers and not for making

discrimination against Female employees

Contractor

6 Child Labour

(Prohibition and

Regulation) Act, 1986

Prohibits employment of children below

14 years of age in certain occupations and

processes and provides for regulation of

employment of children in all other

occupations and processes. Employment

of child labour is prohibited in Building

and Construction Industry

Contractor

7 Inter-State Migrant

Workmen‟s

(Regulation of

Employment and

Conditions of Service)

In an establishment to which this Act

becomes applicable, are required to be

provided certain facilities such as housing,

medical aid, travelling expenses from

home to the establishment and back,

Contractor


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Sl

No

Act/ Rule Purpose Authority

Act, 1979

8 The Building and Other

Construction Workers

(Regulation of

Employment and

Conditions of Service)

Act, 1996 and the Cess

Act of 1996

All the establishments who carry on any

building or other construction work and

employs 10 or more workers are covered

under this Act; the employer of the

establishment is required to provide safety

measures at the building or construction

work and other welfare measures, such as

canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance,

housing accommodation for Workers near

the workplace

Contractor

4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies

The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its

support to sustainable investments. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate

undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies

provide guidelines for bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and

implementation of programs and projects.

From the Environment Perspective the Operational Policies (OP) that may be

relevant for this project are (i) OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, (ii) OP 4.04

Natural Habitats and (iii) OP 4.36 Forests. From the Social point of view the relevant

Ops are (i) OP 4.10 Indigenous Population involving tribal (ii) OP 4.12 Involuntary

Resettlement in the case of land acquisition.

Since there is no involuntary land taking resulting in loss of immovable assets;

livelihood or sources of livelihood, the OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement has not

been triggered. Though social assessment shows presence of scheduled tribes in the

sub project area, the ST families do not have a historically based collective

attachment to this land or any customary. Nor do they speak a separate language or

have political institutions that separate them from the majority population. Hence

OP 4.10 on Indigenous People has not been triggered.


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CHAPTER 5: BASELINE STATUS


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5. BASELINE STATUS

5.1 Baseline Environmental Features

5.1.1 Physiography and Topography

The Halisahar Municipality lies within the Ganges – Bramhaputra delta. The river Ganga

flows along the entire west border of the Municipality. The district North 24 parganas

within which Halisahar is situated , is located among the main Himalayas, which provides a

broad variety of landforms contact form slopes as well as top in order to coves and side rails.

However Halisahar does not depict any undulations in terrain.

5.1.2 Climate

Its climate is very much influenced by the sea. The Municipality has a very tropical savanna

type of climate, same as Kolkata and is dominated by 3 seasons – summer, monsoon and

winter. The summer is hot and humid and continues from April to June. Summer is

dominated by strong south westerly monsoon winds. Monsoon arrives in mid-June and

stays up to September. Winter is the most pleasant time and lasts for 3 months - December,

January and February. Early morning mists are common in winter. The annual mean

temperature is 26.80 C. The maximum temperature often exceeds 400 C. The temperature

does not fall below 100 C. Maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm)

and the average annual total is 1,582 mm. Total duration of sunshine is 2,528 hours per

annum with maximum rainfall occurring in mid-July/August.

5.1.3 Soil Type and Pollution

Depending upon the soils and climatic variations, the ULB falls into the category of the

Gangetic Alluvial Region in the east, which comprises of Nadia, and parts of Malda,

Dakshin Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Bardhaman, Hooghli and 24 Parganas districts. Soils of

this area are mostly neutral in reaction. Upland soils are lighter in texture and contain higher

proportions of fine sand and silt, which helps water recharge. Here the groundwater

potential is very high and the aquifer character is mostly unconfined. The region is suitable

for cultivation of all kinds of field and horticulture crops.


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However, soil erosion is of concern in Halisahar Municipality as in any urban area. To

prevent the soil erosion a large-scale plantation programme including awareness and

motivation campaign has been planned and a part of that is already under implementation

through Ganga Action Plan under assistance from the Government of India.

Soil contamination mainly occurs from industrial and biomedical waste, domestic waste and

open defecation/ use of unhygienic latrines. Halisahar Municipality has taken measures like

setting up community latrines, pay and use toilets to abate the menace of open defecation.

The municipality has taken necessary measures to prevent open defecation along with the

process of conversion of ‘khata latrines’ to ‘sanitary latrines’. However there are a few dug-

well latrines, which need to be, eliminated soon. Meanwhile the project for the purpose has

been initiated in order to minimize the contamination.

5.1.4 Air Pollution:

The fast industrialization, higher traffic and higher levels of energy consumption has

resulted in increase in pollution load in the urban environment. Urban ambient air quality

have acquired new dimension due to increase in Hazardous Air Pollutants namely, Ozone,

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Ketones and aldehydes. Air pollution generally

occurs in most of the towns due to heavy movement of vehicular traffic. In this regard,

Halisahar town has only two main arterial roads namely Col. K.P. Gupta Road which plies

only autos as public transport and Ghosh Para Main Road which caters only one bus route

along with some autos. Hence the traffic density and road congestion in this township is

comparatively less compared to any other Municipal town. Another source of Air pollution

in Halisahar Municipality is due to the existence of large manufacturing units Precision

Engineering Works India, Eco Techno Enterprises, Mabcon Industres, Cadillac Engineering

Works etc. These units are advised to take a controlling measure. Hence Air pollution status

is quite insignificant. In the absence of air pollution data for Halishar ULB area, the monthly

data for the different Air Quality Monitoring Stations of North 24 Parganas was considered

which indicate the SPM (micrograms per cubic meter) is of the order of 200 against the

allowable limit of 200 for residential and 500 for Industrial, RPM (micrograms per cubic

meter) is around 100 against the allowable limit of 100 for residential and 150 for industrial.

SO2 (micrograms per cubic meter) is below 10 as against the allowable limit of 80 for


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residential and 120 for industrial and NO2 (micrograms per cubic meter) averaging to

around 60 where the allowable limit of 80 for residential and 120 for industrial areas.

Source : Environmental Monitoring data of WBPCB, 2009-10)

Thus Air Pollution indicators do not raise an alarm but unregulated developments can lead

to uncontrolled dimensions.

5.1.5 Noise Pollution:

Increased mobility is the primary expression of the benefits that the society enjoys due to the

transport system. This also acts as a catalyst for the deterioration of the environmental

quality in terms of noise and air pollution. The main sources of traffic noise are the motors

and exhaust system of autos, smaller trucks, buses, and motorcycles. As the vehicular traffic

and road congestion is less in Halisahar, thereby noise pollution is also insignificant. Noise

is not a great problem for this municipality as it is well within the allowable limits of 85

decibel. However sound levels indicate a rise in daytime The decibel level in commercial

area vary between 65 to 55 decibel in day and night time respectively while it is 55 and 45

decibel in the residential area.

5.1.6 Water Environment

Ground Water

Based on the geological and geomorphological set up, in North 24 Parganas District which

holds Halisahar Municipality, the characteristics of the aquifers and chemical character of

ground water indicates areas of prolific ground water resources (yield is more than

150m3//hr).

Ground water occurs both under unconfined & confined condition within the explored

depth of maximum 600mbgl. Aquifers are fairly thick & regionally extensive with large yield

prospect of about 150m3/hr. The occurrence of Arsenic in ground water in the depth span of

20-80 mbgl restricted mainly in the eastern part of Bhagirathi River has posed a serious

problem.

Fresh ground water bearing aquifer occurring in varying depth ranges within 180-

360mbglwithin the drilled depth of 600mbgl have been established. The fresh group of

aquifers are sandwiched between saline/brackish aquifer. The top saline/brackish aquifer


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lies within the depth span of 20-180m with maximum depth of 320mbgl in the extreme

south. Suitably constructed tubewell tapping 35m cumulative thickness can yield 100-

150m3/hr.

Water Pollution

The magnitude of water pollution at Halisahar, if left uncontrolled can lead to alarming

situations in due course of time. The status of water quality is provided in table below:


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Table 5.1: Pollution Status in Halisahar town

S. No. Parameter Location

Suripara

Nalah

Bolurpar

aghat

Kona khal Khasbati

Nala

Kalikatala

Nalah

Bagher

Khal

Bolur

Ghat

Rampras

ad

Ghat

1 Colour

(visual)

Slightly

Blackish

Slightly

Blackish

Slightly

Blackish

Slightly

Blackish

Slightly

Blackish

Slightly

Blackish

Greyish Greyish

2 pH 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

3 Temperat

ure (°C)

22 20 20 21 20 22.5 22 20

4 Total

Dissolved

Solids,

mg/l

494 490 380 372 364 154 164 364

5 Total

Suspende

d Solids,

mg/l

92 40 78 94 36 172 92 36

6 B.O.D. 3

days at

270C,mg/

l

90 60 40 18 18 16 5.2 18

7 C.O.D.,

mg/l

320 136 104 80 138.24 92.16 76.8 138.24

8 Faecal

Coliform

110000 80000 350000 72000 210000 2500 2250 210000

The BOD3days data as given for Khasbati Nala, Kalikatala Nala, Bagher Nala, Bolur Ghat and

Ramprasad Ghat is low (below 30mg/l) due to the tidal effect. A nala network map and

their route going towards river Ganga justify this fact.


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Water Supply Infrastructure

The Halisahar Municipality has 23 wards with a population of 124851 according to the

provisional census 2011.The water supply situation within these 23 wards including the

slums differs from ward to ward. The people receive water through individual household

connection, or communal taps or tube wells. The water supply coverage in Halisahar at

present is about 17592 as domestic connections out of 26500 households (as per the SLB

report) and 870 stand posts in working condition. The remaining people are receiving water

through 83 nos. of hand tube-wells which are working (Source Baseline survey). The per

capita water availability is about 66.5 lpcd which is delivered on an average 6.5 hrs a day

and 30 days per month (Source SLB Report dated 15.03.2011). The piped water is supplied

through five service reservoirs by pumping through 33 pumps. Of the five reservoirs, three

of them are in working condition and the remaining two (at Sarkar bazaar and Alokananda)

are in very poor condition. Seven more have been newly constructed by KMDA but not yet

handed over to Halisahar Municipality. The water quality supplied is being tested

periodically and found that the supplied water quality is within permissible limit.


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Majority of the households in most slums are covered by piped water supply. One or two

hand tube wells have been provided in each slum according to the local need. It has been

noted that a large number of slum households have no water supply connection even where

network service is available. In these cases only a street stand post serves the purpose. In

some cases supply of water cannot be assured according to requirement due to low water

pressure. From time to time the Municipality addresses these issues by sinking an additional

tube well. The existing source of piped water in the Halisahar Municipality is surface water

supplied from Kalyani and Ground water which is realised through following deep tube

wells.

Table 5.2: Status of Water supply Infrastructure facility in Halisahar Municipality

Asset Category Ward

Nos.

Quantity / Capacity Year of

Construction /

Commissioning

Physical

condition / state

of repairs.

WATER SUPPLY

Service Reservoir Names

Bhanganpara,

Tentultala, Prosadnagar

2, 4, 17 4, 54, 600 Ltrs.,

3, 63, 678 Ltrs.,

4, 54, 600 Ltrs.

1978, 1961, 1978 O.K.

Sarkarbazar 8 3, 63, 678 Ltrs. 1961 Repairing is

required.

Alokananda 14 4, 54, 600 Ltrs. 1979 Worst

7 more Service Reservoirs in addition to one UGR have been constructed by KMDA but yet to be

handed over

Pumping Capacity

33 nos Pumping

Stations

War no.

1-23

Capacity of pumping

0.1625 MGD, but

receiving 2.72 MGD

from 33 pumps

Commissioned

between year

1995 – 2011

OK

Source : DDP , HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17


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Table 5.3: Ward Wise Status of Water Supply in Halisahar

Ward No. HHs Persons

Piped

water

supply

( % HH )

Own

Tube

Well

( % )

Municipal

Hand

Pumps

( % )

Others

( % )

Per

capita

Water

Supply

( lpcd )

1 1281 6198 90 5 3 2 71

2 1462 6894 87 6 4 3 77

3 1285 5893 90 5 3 2 99

4 840 3812 95 3 2 - 75

5 1144 5450 90 7 3 - 81

6 970 4264 95 3 2 - 105

7 1486 6673 75 15 8 2 98

8 1302 6781 90 5 3 2 112

9 966 4536 100 - - - 95

10 810 3738 100 - - - 94

11 1369 6651 100 - - - 68

12 979 4662 95 3 2 - 75

13 1027 4783 80 15 5 - 73

14 1064 4852 80 15 5 - 95

15 983 4375 80 15 5 - 110

16 940 4770 90 8 2 - 104

17 828 3622 85 10 5 - 110

18 1953 9473 95 3 2 - 65

19 2021 7085 - -

20 763 3321 100 - - - 112

21 1213 5582 90 8 2 - 79

22 1162 5469 80 10 10 - 75

23 1419 6631 100 - - - 70

Average ( lpcd ) : 80.13

Source: City Sanitation Plan ,Halisahar Municipality


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5.1.7 Drainage

Much of the core network of drains in Halisahar Municipality are pucca but in the

bye lanes, branch & lateral drains inside the slums are still kutcha or semi pucca. 127

kms of surface drains and 76 kms of unsurfaced drain carry the entire storm and

sullage water of the municipality to the nikashi khal and finally drain into the River.

There are 7 outfalls that drain water in Hooghy River.

Some of the main channels for draining waste water as well as the storm water of

Halisahar Municipality and the adjoining area are as follows: -

SuriparaNala (ward no. 23)

Balur Para ghat (ward no. 20)

Kona drain (border of ward no. 10 & 11)

Khasbatikhal (ward no. 10)

Kalika Tala khal (ward no. 6)

Bagher khal (ward no. 4)

Table 5.4: Drainage network coverage in Halisahar

Ward No.

Surfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

Unsurfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

% Surfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

% Unsurfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

NikashiKhal

( km )

1 4 1 80 20 0.50

2 5 2 71 29 1.00

3 6 3 67 33 1.00

4 3 2 60 40 0.20

5 7 3 70 30

6 6 3 67 33 1.00

7 6 3 67 33

8 6 3 67 33 0.70

9 6 4 60 40

10 5 3 63 37 0.20

11 3 2 60 40


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Ward No.

Surfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

Unsurfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

% Surfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

% Unsurfaced

Drains

( approx. km )

NikashiKhal

( km )

12 6 2 75 25 1.20

13 4 2 67 33 0.30

14 6 1 86 14 0.20

15 5 2 71 29 1.00

16 4 1 80 20 1.20

17 3 1 75 25 1.00

18 3 1 75 25 0.50

19 2 1 67 33 0.30

20 2 1 67 33 0.30

21 4 2 67 33

22 2 1 67 33 0.70

23 4 1 80 20 0.50

Total 100 43 11.80

Source: City Sanitation Plan,HalisaharMunicpality

Further, random growth and settlement in the slum area has choked the natural drainage

courses, which in turn causes water logging and stagnation in different parts of the slum.

This accumulated water results in various health problems

5.1.8 Solid waste Management

Another source of pollution is infiltration of lands which comes from solid waste of

industries, households, marketplaces, cattle sheds, bio medical and toxic wastes from

hospitals and nursing homes etc.

Total Solid waste generated in the municipality is in the range of 450 gms. Per capita per

day, amounting to 45 MT / day approximately.

In addition to this about 6 MT of solid waste is generated from markets. Presently 96 hand

carts are used for door to door collection of solid waste. For secondary storage there are

about 29 vats. Four tractors are working for Solid Waste transportation and one is kept for

night soil.


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Table 5.5: Solid waste Management status

House

Holds

Total Solid Waste

generated

( MT/day )

Total Solid Waste

generated

( per capita )

Door to

Door

Collection

HH

Covered (%)

40 to 45

350 to 400 gms/day YES 95

Source: City Sanitation Plan, Halisahar Municipality

Toxic & bio-medical wastes are collected by SEMB-RAMKY to dispose of at their Kalyani

facility. The other solid wastes after segregations are disposed of properly in dumping

ground for chemical and bio-degradation. A scheme to prepare compost manures by way

of utilizing aforesaid wastes is being planned for a fruitful management of the same. In

this way the quality of land and soil is maintained in Halisahar enforcing rules and

regularities of WBPCB.

However lots need to be done in the domain of Solid Waste Management towards

reducing pollution in general and subsequently in river Ganga which can be included

under NGRBA.

5.1.9 Flora and Fauna

Flora

From a phytogeographic viewpoint, the southern part of West Bengal can be divided into

two regions: the Gangetic plain and the littoral mangrove forests zone. The alluvial soil of

the Gangetic plain, compounded with favourable rainfall, make this region especially fertile

and rich for vegetative growth. Further North 24Parganas also falls in the Lower Gangetic

Plains bio-geographical zone. The project area Halisahar is a part of this phytogeography.

Common trees like Banyan (Ficusbenghalensis), Krishnachura(Caesalpiniapulcherrima), Ashatha,

Radhachura Delonixregia trees are visible along with Neem(Azadirachtaindica)which has high

medical value. Fruit trees like Mango, Banana, and Coconut are found in within the urban area.

Riverside vegetation has depleted to some extent. As perceived by common people, hedge

plants have seen reduction due to increase in construction activities.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytogeographic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_plain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis


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Fauna

In Halisahar as in any urban ecosystem, several species and types of birds co-exist. A mix

of species signifies not just diversity, but also the ecological role played by them

collectively in the web of life in any ecosystem. But over a period of time the green spaces

and the species that thrived in and around most towns have declined. The most common

perception is about the reduction in the number of sparrows. While the crows and kites

which are known to be hardy species, which can adapt to a variety of climates and can

feed by scavenging and opportunistic hunting, sparrows being a vulnerable species

diminish in numbers in the process of environmental change.. There is a similar increase in

the population of other animal species such as stray dogs and rats. Similarly, many snakes

get killed as they come under the wheels on roads. The number of amphibians has declined

mainly because of road kill, water pollution and drop in monsoon puddles among oher

reasons. However wandering jackals are visible as mentioned by residents of

HalisaharMuncipality.Moreoverfishes like Rohu(Labeorohita ) , Katla (Catlacatla) , Bata

(Labeobata).

5.2 Baseline Socio- Economic Status

5.2.1 Demographic profile

The Municipality is divided into 23 wards covering 8.29 square kilometres, with population

of 1,24,479 as per 2001 census. The current decadal population growth rate of Halisahar

Municipality is approximately 22.5% and if it continues to register similar growth rate the

population is expected to be 1,47,000 by 2025. This conversely translates to population

density of 17,754 persons per square kilometres. Halisahar Municipality has 58.10% of slum

population. The 20.30% of total population have migrated from the East-Pakistan

(Bangladesh), 10.70% people come commuting to work place and 27.10% have come to

search for job opportunities from different parts of India and mostly from nearby States of

Bihar, Oddissa and Jharkhand. According to 2001 census, 30% of the total population is

categorised as other workers, 4% as Marginal workers and rest Household industry workers.


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Table 5.6: Working status of population in Halisahar

Category of workers Person Male Female

Marginal worker 4985 3857 1128

HHI worker 998 373 625

Other worker 38161 35029 3132

Source:DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17

Among linguistic group 20.30% are Bengali speaking, 26.90% Hindi speaking, 7.40% Urdu

speaking and 2.50% are Oriya speaking. The ward wise population distribution is given in

the following table.

Table 5.7: Population profile of Halisahar

Ward

No.

Area

( sq.

km.)

HHs

HH

Size

Population

Persons Males Females Density Sex

Ratio

1 0.76 1281 5 6194 3358 2836 8166 845

2 0.36 1462 5 6894 3483 3411 19248 979

3 0.41 1285 5 5893 3007 2886 14344 960

4 0.33 840 5 3812 1892 1920 11673 1015

5 0.52 1144 5 5450 2800 2650 10558 946

6 0.58 970 5 4264 2181 2083 7359 955

7 0.82 1486 5 6673 3402 3271 8121 961

8 0.51 1302 5 5781 2945 2836 11433 963

9 0.41 966 5 4535 2257 2278 11038 1009

10 0.23 810 5 3738 1942 1796 16129 925

11 0.14 1369 5 6651 3860 2791 48566 723

12 0.31 979 5 4662 2385 2277 15260 955

13 0.27 1027 5 4783 2479 2304 17463 930

14 0.34 1064 5 4852 2453 2399 14393 978

15 0.60 983 5 4375 2195 2180 7286 993

16 0.25 940 5 4770 2535 2235 18867 882


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Ward

No.

Area

( sq.

km.)

HHs

HH

Size

Population

Persons Males Females Density Sex

Ratio

17 0.20 828 5 3622 1900 1722 18096 907

18 0.25 1953 5 9473 5348 4125 37469 772

19 0.28 2021 4 7085 4491 2594 24910 578

20 0.08 763 5 3321 1938 1383 39407 714

21 0.25 1213 5 5582 3300 2282 22079 692

22 0.12 1162 5 5469 3093 2376 47196 768

23 0.26 1419 5 6631 3907 2724 25179 697

Total 8.28 27267 124,510 19750

Source: DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17

5.2.2 Socio Economic status

According to the socio economic survey conducted in the Municipality, approximately 71%

of the population belong to the general caste and 23% are schedule caste. The rests are

Schedule Tribes and other backward classes. Population profile by religion as revealed in the

survey shows 96% as Hindus, 3.59% Muslims and rest among others like Christians.

Reviewing the socio-economic indices, it is imperative that a large section of the population

is actually economically weaker section of population. 58 slums within 23 Wards of the

ULB of Halisahar contain about 52% of the total population. The average household size

computes to 4.16 members and an income of Rs.3000 per month translates to Rs.100 per

household per day for the majority of surveyed households reflects availability of only Rs.24

per member/ day, which is even by Tendulkar Committee Report falls short of the BPL

bench mark.Out of the total population 26.5% are currently under the below poverty level

(whereas, BPL average percentage in West Bengal as per 2001 census is 31.58%).

Furthermore, the average monthly household expenditure figures vis-à-vis average monthly

income clearly denotes the perilous conditions of a vast majority (86.75%) who appear to be

perennially under indebtedness.


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Table 5.8: Income and expenditure status

Range pm. <Rs.2000

(%)

2000-3000

(%)

3000-4000

(%)

4000-6000

(%)

6000-9000

(%)

> Rs.9000

(%)

Monthly income 16.01 83.92 0 0 0 0.0006

Monthly

Expenditure

1.71 86.75 9.33 2.20 0 0

Source:DDP ,HalisaharMunicpality , 2013-17

A substantial portion of the male work force is mostly unskilled labour with an assortment

of menial labour eg. Rikshaw Puller, Van Puller etc.

5.2.3 Household survey in the project Area

A small scale household survey was conducted in wards 8, 9, 12, 18, 20 to assess Sanitation

practices, understanding of the project, willingness to connect and pay etc. Of the

population in project area. (Refer to Survey Questionnaire in Annex 1)

Keeping in mind the Environment and social impact of the project (NGRBA) a household

survey has been conducted at 7 wards of Halisahar Municipality. The Number of Household

was 108 in which the percentage of male and female respondents were 66.67% & 33.33%

respectively. Almost 88.89% respondent said that they used piped water. Only 33.33%

respondents did not give satisfactory answer regarding the quality of drinking water.

Majority of the respondents have pucca toilet at home and those who have no pucca toilet,

they were willing to construct pucca toilet.

From the household survey it has been revealed that no mass awareness was generated for

this project. 22.22% respondents came to know of the project from Municipal Staff and 9%

from ward councillor or other representative. And they said that they were ready to

cooperate to implement such a project successfully. Regarding source of pollution 86%

respondent said that Household waste through drain was the main reason for Ganga

pollution.


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0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

Household waste through

drain

Garbage dump Industrial Waste

Source of Pollution

Pe

rce

nta

ge

66.67% respondents informed that their health would be improved if this project is

successfully implemented.

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

Clean Ganga Health improvement Low pollution and Clean

environment

Direct benefits of the project

Pe

rce

nta

ge


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The survey shows that 100% respondents were willing to connect the sewerage line and they

were ready to pay user charges. Among the respondents few said that they did not have any

objection to pay user charges if it was affordable.

Regarding awareness of the project they said that mass awareness was required through

Leaflet, poster, cable TV and community meeting.

5.2.4 Traffic Analysis

In the case of Halisahar the traffic volume count in different junctions is very important to

understand the pressure on the road during peak period and lean period. Understanding the

traffic flow and taking care of it during construction will put people in less trouble. So, to get

a brief picture of the traffic flow and modal split of the town a few major junctions and

arterial roads were selected to understand the traffic volume of the town.

Peak Period (THREE MAJOR ROADS) /hour / (9 AM- 10AM)

Table 5.9 Modal Split in Peak Period

Mode of travel Ghoshpara

road In %

Station road

In % Sarkar Bazar on Col K P Gupta

Road In %

2 wheelers 228 24.36 200 17.54 300 19.74

3 wheelers 40 4.27 44 3.86 28 1.84

4 wheelers 84 8.97 56 4.91 40 2.63

Cycles/rickshaw 528 56.41 840 73.68 1148 75.53

Bus 20 2.14 0 0.00 0 0.00

Truck 36 3.85 0 0.00 4 0.26


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According to the modal split analysis from primary survey during peak hours in the major

road junctions of Halisahar it has been depicted that cycle, rickshaw and 2 wheelers are the

dominating vehicles.bi-cycles and rickshaw consists 56 percent to 75 percent of modal share

of total traffic flow and 2 wheelers consist 19 to 24 percent of total modal share. Sarkar

Bazar is the most dominated by the 2 wheelers and cycles as other mode of transports (like

bus) are not in this route. But, Ghoshpara road as it is the arterial roads of Halisahar so

percentage of two wheelers and four wheelers are more than other junctions. In general Col

K P Gupta Road is the busiest with highest traffic volume.

MODAL SPLIT OF TRAVEL – Lean Period (THREE MAJOR ROADS)/ hour / (1PM-2PM)

Table5.10: Modal Split in Lean Period

Lean Period

Mode of travel Ghoshpara

road

In % Station

road In %

Sarkar Bazar On Col K P Gupta

Road

In %

2 wheelers 284 31.00 200 21.93 40 7.04

3 wheelers 16 1.75 64 7.02 16 2.82

4 wheelers 68 7.42 56 6.14 4 0.70

Cycles/rickshaw 484 52.84 592 64.91 500 88.03

Bus 16 1.75 0 0.00 0 0.00

Truck 48 5.24 0 0.00 8 1.41


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The above diagramme is also depicting the lean period traffic volume count of the major

junctions of Halisahar. According to that in the station road, cycle and rickshaw is the

dominating vehicle during the lean period. Actually, school students return during this

period. In the Ghoshpara road during this lean period of traffic cycle and rickshaw share has

been decreased to 52 percent which is much lower compare to other time duration and

place. This if followed by share of 2 wheelers. Sarkar bazaar depicts relatively low traffic

volume during lean period of the day.

To sum up traffic composition is dominated by Cycle, rickshaws or two wheelers. Four

wheelers are common in Sarkar bazar junction.


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CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL AND

SOCIAL IMPACTS


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6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

The purpose of the ESMF is to facilitate the management of environmental and social issues

of the river pollution mitigation investments. In other words, the objective is to identify the

adverse environment and social impacts and provide specific guidance on the policies and

procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and

responsibilities of the implementing agencies.

In this perspective, we shall look to provide a detailed assessment of the environmental

impacts of the project, with proper highlight of the issues and their effective mitigation

measures that has been or has to be considered during the design, construction and

operation of the project at the municipality.

6.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

The following environmental parameters have been evaluated to assess/ analyse the impact

of the Project:

air quality;

noise;

water quality;

waste management and;

Occupational health and safety

Traffic flow

6.1.1 Air Quality

During the construction of new sewer line, pumping station and STP; there will be

temporary increase in the level of suspended solid particles and other minute particles from

the construction activity and the construction material The Residual impact will not be

significant and also a short term impact and will not have an adverse impact on the

residents. Moreover in Halisahar all sites for construction of lifting stations are within

walled protected area and the suspended solid particles will not spread much to the

residential portion.


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During the operational phase, when the project households are connected to the new sewer

line, pumping station and STP is in operation, there is a less possibility of sewer odour

spreading into the air. However, it may arise only when there is a fault or malfunctioning of

pumping station and STP which can easily being avoided with proper mitigation measures.

6.1.2 Noise

Noise will generate during construction which will be above the acceptable criteria. During

construction proper use of technology can considerably control the noise levels from the

construction sites.

During the operational phase, noise level will not create any adverse effect as proper

technology will adopted. The noise level generated during this phase will based on the

sound power level of the pump, but would be within the criteria due to the large attenuation

afforded by the pumping station building. Thus, it is concluded that the operational noise

levels would not create any adverse impacts to local residents.

6.1.3 Water Quality

Water quality will be impacted during construction phase due to suspended solids runoff

from excavation sites and spoil heaps and from dewatering of trenches and foundations,

when water containing high concentration of suspended solids may be discharged to water

courses. Since the proposed STP will be an augmentation of the existing STP of 6.5 mld to 16

mld therefore care must be taken that the STP will be constructed in phased manner so that

the existing STP is not completely stopped before the operation of the proposed STP.

However, with the implementation of suitable mitigation measures it is concluded that there

will be no adverse impacts. No residual construction impacts are predicted.

Once operational, the overall system of sewage discharge will be upgraded as no untreated

or chronically discharged water will effects the water courses. Thus, the scheme offers a

significant environmental benefit to the area in terms of improvements in the quality of the

River Ganga.


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The only potential water quality issue during the operational stage will arise from the

emergency overflow of sewage into the local receiving waters. To protect against this, all

pumping station have been designed to include a stand-by pump and emergency power

supply. Based upon these mitigation measures, it is extremely unlikely that a failure will

occur. However in case a failure does occur, it would be repaired promptly and the

discharge would be short-term.

6.1.4 Waste Management

A large proportion of the soil material that will be excavated during the construction phase

can be used for several other purposes like backfill material for the sewer alignment. The

remaining earth and the broken surface material will require off-site disposal on the basis

that it will be surplus to requirements or unsuitable for backfilling respectively.

The waste material generated during the operational phase will be limited to screening

materials removed during the maintenance of the pumping station and materials removed

from manholes after removal of blockages. Assuming proper handling and disposal

methods are adopted, no adverse impacts are predicted.

Care must also be taken so that the solid waste generated from the screening of waste at the

sewage pumping stations and Sewage Treatment Plant are adequately disposed to an

identified location and not just outside of the premise boundary.

The disposal location is Halisahar Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Ground (Trenching

Ground) Niranjan Samajpati Sarani, ward no - 8.where the sludge will be disposed. It is

near about. 5 km (approx.) from STP site or sludge will be used in nearest brick field of the

Municipality

In similar manner separate arrangement to be made for the disposal of sewage sludge in a

suitable site.

6.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety

Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in

trenches and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible

by mitigation measures.


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6.1.6 Traffic Flow

Traffic congestion will be caused by pipeline construction and increased construction traffic

in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially closed during construction, causing

temporary inconvenience to residents, commercial operations and institutions. However

since traffic flow analysis indicates that there is a domination of cycles, rickshaws and two

wheelers de-routing can be a possibility without major disruptions.

Impact on Livelihood:

The excavation and tunnelling work will lead to road blockage and as a result the

commercial establishments and vendors will have some trouble in operating their business

on daily basis. This issue has occurred in previous road construction projects sponsored by

the Asian Development Bank3, and could resurface in this project. It was also a concern

raised by vendors during the field visit, though vendors generally seemed to think that the

blockage would not last long and were not particularly worried about it.

Impact on Land Use:

According to the DPR, consultations with relevant officials and first-hand observations

during the field visit no land is required for the project, as land is available for construction

of proposed STP and also sewage construction will not result in land seizures of any kind.

Thus, given that there is no land acquisition, there are no social issues related to land

acquisition, including but not limited to loss of property, resettlement, land regulations, etc.

6.1.7 Project Impacts

The Following impacts as described above can be summarised into Construction and

operational phases.

Impacts during Construction Phase Impacts during Operational Phase

Airborne dust will be caused by excavation,

demolition, vehicle movement and materials

handling, particularly downwind from the

construction sites. Air pollution will be caused

3 “India: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program,” and “India: Northeastern Region Capital City Development Investment Program”


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by emissions from vehicles and construction

machinery

Nuisance odours generated by screening,

grit removal, primary tanks, secondary

(aeration) tanks, and sludge handling

processes. The pumping stations could also

be a source of such odours.

Noise will be caused by construction equipment

and vehicular movement, potentially affecting

residents of nearby villages and schools.

Traffic congestion will be caused by pipeline

construction and increased construction traffic

in urban areas. Roads may be fully or partially

closed during construction, causing temporary

inconvenience to residents, commercial

operations and institutions.

Waste discharge from construction camps. The

discharge of wastewater from construction

camps could create new pollution sources. The

camps could also be sources of solid waste and

waste oil from machinery maintenance.

Open sewage drains carrying the raw

sewage and waste water to the STP can

create Odour nuisance. Through the

construction of sewers to collect

wastewater, many of these open ditches

will be improved or covered. The

wastewater treatment plants in the project

will substantially improve the water quality

of the receiving waters and this will also

reduce odours downstream.

Excavated materials. Pipeline construction and

demolition will generate huge chunk of

materials for disposal, while site preparation for

the treatment plants will need large amount of

fill material.

Interruption of municipal services. Construction

of project facilities may require relocation of


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underground municipal utilities such as sewers,

gas, water supplies, communication cables, and

power poles.

Occupational hazards which can arise from

working in trenches and excavation works.

Potential impacts are negative and long-term

but reversible by mitigation measures.

Health and hygiene issues for construction

workers can be at stake unless proper facilities

are created

Livelihood disruptions can be caused due to

construction in market areas particularly for

roadside hawkers. However some work

opportunities will also be created.

The project component specific impacts at different phases of project execution have been

elaborated below.


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Table 6.1 Project Component Specific Impact assessment

Activity Details Impact

Construction phase

Construction of STP

, Lifting Stations

Percolation of leachate into

groundwater which may contain

high concentrations of organics

and heavy metals.

The leachate may contaminate

ground and surface water unless it is

contained by an impermeable layer

which allows it to be collected for

subsequent treatment.

Cutting and excavation of roads Longer Travel time Inconvenience in

traffic movement

Accidental and emergency

overflow of sewage into the local

receiving waters.

Increased toxic materials in drains

and water bodies

During construction air and noise

and odour during operation

phase

Bad Odour, Air and Noise pollution

will be nuisance as the STP is located

in Residential area.

Construction of

Sewer Line

Laying of pipe line along very

important and sensitive road and

area like

Col K.P Gupta Road or Dr N.C Bose

road – Main arterial road of the town

a) NetajiSarani or BarendraGoli Main

road – Important connecting road

G.P Road – Runs along the River

and connecting to every arterial

and main road of the town

Excavation, cutting and filling

operations

There will be disruption to the

movement of vehicles.


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Digging of roads, pavements

Removal of soil and pipe. Storing

removed materials beside the

trench. Generation of solid waste

Heavy machinery will be on the

road blocking free flow of

vehicles safe disposal of silt.

All lanes and by lanes with 4 mt

to 6 mt width will cause traffic

congestions.

Impact on livelihood


movement of vehicles and reduced

access to residences and business

Generation of waste and storage

will lead to air pollution

Digging of roads will create puddles

creating insect breeding grounds

Sewer constructions will invariable

lead to road closures, which will

adversely affect shops on those

streets. The first priority is for the

contractor to take the necessary

measures to ensure that pedestrians

always have access to shops,

vendors, etc. For mobile vendors,

this may include adjusting the

location of the cart, etc. to a similar

location in the immediate vicinity of

the original location for the duration

of the project. Projects should also

proceed on schedule so as to

minimize disruption. Additionally,

clean-up of debris and clearance of

blockages should commence

immediately after project completion

so as to remove any potential

obstacles that might prevent

customers from accessing businesses

or other disruptions.


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Machines will operate , day and

Night

Generates heavy noise during night

times

Suspended solids runoff from

excavation sites and spoil heaps

Water containing high concentration

of suspended solids may be

discharged to water courses

Digging of earth will generate

debris

Dust Generation

Occupational Hazards in both

STP and Lifting Station

Health impacts due to absence of

housing and sanitation facilities in

labour camps.

Special care in the Sensitive area

like school, collage, hospital,

health centre GP Road has

MatriSadan and also School on

the Shibergoli junction and

AdarshaVidyalaya in Ward 6. It

also has number of Institutions

like the municipality, Library

crematorium.


movement of vehicles and

pedestrian.

Renovation of

Pumping Station

Installation of mechanized

screenings equipment

Installation of grit removal

equipment

Replacement of pumps

Construction materials on site will

generate Dust from construction

materials

OPERATIONAL PHASE

STP Location and

Lifting Station

Treatment and Disposal Percolation of leachate into

groundwater which may contain


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high concentrations of organics and

heavy metals. The leachate may

contaminate ground and surface

water unless it is contained by an

impermeable layer which allows it to

be collected for subsequent

treatment.

As the drain receives both sewage

and sullage, the drain sludge will be

high in pathogens

Bad odour , air pollution by dust ,

Noise pollution

Provide Buffer Zone in the STP

location.

Indiscriminate disposal of Sludge Contamination of soil and water

6.2 Stakeholder Feedback on Perceived Impact

Environmental and social impact was assessed through physical observation and

verification and through Focus group discussion. The purpose of the assessment was to

understand the environmental situation in the municipality and also understand the

probable environmental impacts due to the projects as conceived by stakeholders.

Since there is no land acquisition there is no significant social impact related to displacement

of population and related rehabilitation and resettlement. However social impacts is likely

to occur in respect to temporary disruptions in daily life , or impacting the livelihood of

people and sensitive areas where there is daily commuting of people specially children like

schools and disrupting the normal routine. Health impacts, disruption of daily life and

livelihood are the various aspects which were discussed during consultation with

stakeholders.

Social impact assessment was done through a two stage process of


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Identification of sensitive wards and locations through consultation with Ward

Councillors

Assessment of social and environmental conditions in the context of the project

through Focus group discussion with inhabitants or beneficiaries

6.2.1 Identification of sensitive locations

City Scenario:

Halisahar municipality which is a small town of around 8 sqkms has four major roads - Col.

K.P Gupta Road/ NC Bose road, BarendraGoli Main Road and H.P BhatterRaod -which

runs almost parallel and divides the town in parts. –The G.P Road runs along the Ganga and

meets each of the above roads in right angle. Between these major roads small roads, lanes

and by lanes of 6mt and 4 mt wide criss- crosses the entire town almost in a grid pattern.

These roads, which are one of the busiest roads in the town connecting each part of the town

is the backbone of the entire transport and communication of the town. The main transport

modes include Auto Rickshaws and some inter municipality Bus services which mainly

follow these four roads. Col K.P Gupta Road which connects the railway station with the

rest of the town does not have any alternative by road of similar nature and any disruption

in traffic in the road will lead to major traffic congestion in the entire town. There are two

major markets in the municipality. One is the Sarkar Bazar located at the T point of Col K.P

Gupta Road and Nirnajan Sarani /Barandra Goli main road at the boundary of Ward no 8

and 9 . Another market is in ward no 20 near Gate no 2.

Some other important Sensitive areas of the city as identified by the people are stretch from

Ramprasadghat to the Shibergoli on GP road where there is a school. In there are school in

all wards and thus the school surrounding areas are identified as sensitive areas

All sewerage component points like STP, Lifting Station, Markets, Major Junctions, Schools

and hospitals were considered to be sensitive points.

6.2.2 Assessment of environmental and social impact by stakeholders

Focus group discussion and stakeholders’ consultation were performed in selective wards

keeping in mind the sensitive areas, presence of existing structures under GAP and presence

of proposed sites under the present Project (Refer to Annexure 2 for FGD Pointers and

Glimpses of FGD and HH Survey in Annexure 3). The objective of the FGDs has been

understand the state of environment in the municipality, the level of awareness among the


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common people regarding Ganga river water pollution, their awareness about proposed

project , its importance and need for such projects in the municipality. There was also

detailed discussion on the social and environmental impacts due of the project both during

construction and post construction phase. People were also asked to respond to the

mitigation measures that can be taken for reducing the impacts and how awareness among

the people can be improved for the same.

Findings of the Consultation

FGD / Meeting with MUNICIPALITY STAFF AND COUNCILORS

The Focus group discussion with councilors and municipal staff was held on 3.5.13 and

23.5.13 at Municipality meeting hall. Total number of participants was 10 and 12

respectively.

The objective of the meeting was to understand the following –

Nature of pollution in the town

The main points of Ganga river pollution

Importance and need for STP project in the town

Consequences resulting in construction and operation of the STO project

Mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce and altogether stop such

consequences

Level of awareness among the community

Means for raising the awareness level of the community

Responsible person for communication and public awareness.

The councillors were well aware of the pollution levels in River Ganga and was of the

opinion that more than anything else, it is the industries like the Jute mill which is the main

source of pollution.

They identified that those points where the entire sewer and storm water falls into the

Ganga i.e. the outfalls or nallahs which are the main points of pollution. The identified

points are –

1. SuriparaNalah

2. KhasbatiNalah


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3. KalikatalaNalah

4. BagherKhal

Over the years the pollution in the Ganga has increased due to increased use of plastics.

Open defecation is still in practice and continues to pollute the river. As a result in the

decade the Ganga water appears to be dirtier. The colour is murky and oil is seen floating on

the surface. Thus all the participants readily agreed on the need and importance of the City

sanitation project being launched.

Connecting every household to the sewerage network is needed and people will be

interested and willing as this would reduce their recurring cost on septic in having so but

certain issues to be addressed.

Since the major portion of roads network in the town is of 4mts, connecting each hh with the

network will be a daunting task and would involve great deal of digging of roads and earth

causing blockage of roads. Therefore in the absence of proper planning and systematic

implementation it will cause great inconveniences to the people. They are sceptical that if the

project is not completed in time, the people may go against it.

Another important issue raised by the councillors is that after the digging of roads, on time

repair and restoration of roads needs to be taken up at the earliest and such responsibility

should lie with the implementing agency.

The K. P. Gupta Road and the GP road main transport corridors and also does not have a

feasible diversion road. Hence traffic congestion in these roads due to work along road side

would halt the entire traffic. Hence some measures should be taken to minimise the effects.

Trenchless technology can be an option in this case

According to the councillors the people are not aware of the city sanitation project and the

STP and sewerage network system under the GAP. This serious gap in awareness needs to

be mitigated. The means of awareness generation or communication as is the opinion of the

councillors should be

Miking

Door to door leaflet distribution and

Awareness camps

The above mentioned public outreach programme can be taken up by

Ward Committee


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CDS members

SHGs and local clubs

So far the consequences of the construction of STP and laying of sewer lines the councillors

pointed out the following –

Accumulation of soil heaps on roadside

Generation of dust from the soil heaps.

Formation of water pools in the STP site

Runoff of silt and sullage from the construction site

Odour during operation phase of the STP where all the polluted solid waste and all

waste water of the town will be collected for purification.

Traffic inconveniences like traffic jams, slow movement , increased travel time due to

diversion of pedestrian and vehicle movement specially in Sarkar Bazar Area on K. P

Gupta Road

Some of the mitigation measures suggested by the councillors include –

Covering of soil heaps

Water sprinkling in the construction site

Scheduling of work in such a manner that pressure does not fall on important roads

at the same time.

Work schedule to be given beforehand in order to reduce inconveniences.

Coordination between the Implementing agency, contractor and the Municipality

needs to be maintained regarding work plan, progress etc.

FGD-s with RESIDENTS OF THE TOWN IN ALL SENSITIVE LOCATIONS

Focus group discussion with the residents was held on several places (lifting station

locations, STP location, market places, school, health centres, and station) on 04.06.13, 5.06.13

and 29.06.13, 06.12.13). The participants were local residents, daily commuters and shop

keepers.

In order to understand how people understand the city sanitation plan and thereafter their

awareness on the present project a number of questions were put up regarding the

following-

Nature of pollution in the town

The main points of Ganga river pollution


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Sanitation practices

Willingness to connect their HH to the sewerage network proposed project

Knowledge about the proposed project

Importance and need for STP project in the town

Consequences resulting in construction and operation of the STO project

Mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce and altogether stop such

consequences

Level of awareness among the community

Means for raising the awareness level of the community

Responsible person for communication and public awareness.

Almost everybody among the respondents said that Ganga River pollution has increased

manifold in recent years. They can see a visible change in the colour of water which is now

greyish and sometimes odour comes from near the nallahs. They however appreciated the

efforts made by the municipality like Door to Door solid waste collection and electric

crematorium which are right steps in reducing pollution in the city.

The reasons for river water pollution according to the people are-

Entire sewerage and drainage water falls into the river

Industrial waste water discharged into the river

Open defecation still continues specially in slums which finally discharges into the

river

Drains are polluted by waste disposals , siltation and sullage

People were more than willing to have their houses connected to sewer network. The overall

feedback was positive and encouraging as people mostly agreed that Ganga river pollution

needs to mitigate.

Regarding the proposed project 50% of them were vaguely aware that such a project has

been taken up. “All drainage water will be collected in one place and will be refined before

discharging in the River.” However they had no idea regarding the environmental and

social impacts that the implementation of the project can create.


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But they also said that it has actually started long ago and the entire infrastructure under the

said project is lying non-functional. In ward no 20, where there is existing Lifting station,

people said that there has been instances of theft of and anti-social activities in the LS

compound.

Local youths in Mishri Pukur area where the STP plant is to be located said that they know

about the project, “dirty water will be treated”. They expressed their apprehension that the

ground where the STP is to be located is their playing ground and that is taken they will

have no such ground in the locality.

Shopkeepers in the Sarkar Bazar area said that “traffic inconvenience will occur but for

development of the town, they will bear the temporary problem”

Shopkeepers in front of Alakananda Water Tank, site for Lifting station said that “…since

the construction work will be done within the water tank compound, dust and runoff, will

not cause any major problem. However when the networks will be laid down cutting the

roads it may cause major traffic jams on Col K.P Gupta Road”

People coming into the bank located below the overhead water tank said that ….”Proper

fencing around the site and alternative drainage channels should be made so that dust and

waste water from the construction does not affect the main access to the bank”.

Some of them were also apprehensive and said“…..will the water in the water tank be safe

after the Lifting station is constructed beside it?”

Auto drivers in the Station area said that …”it will cause temporary inconvenience but they

can make use of the alternative roads wherever possible. However there will be problem for

buses since they ply the main arterial road and there is no alternative bus route “.

Senior School children of AdarshaVidyapith School mentioned that …” traffic disruption

will not be major but care should be taken so that noise pollution does not affect studies “

In general all the groups mentioned that there will be no impact on flora and fauna. Actually

residents of Misripukur area mentioned the menace caused by jackals and expected this


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project to handle it. They also mentioned that there will not be loss of livelihood since

locations for sewerage components are in open grounds. Inspite of all apprehension most of

the residents expressed the opinion that there is need for this project and are more than

willing to have their house sanitation facility connected to the sewerage network.

The key identified social issues emerging from the FGD-s have been tabulated as follows:

Table 6.2: Environment and Social Impact Assessment

Ward

no Place of consultation

No of

Participants

Nature of

Participants

Key identified

Positive and

negative feedbacks

8 Trenching ground Proposed

Lifting Station

5 Local residents

and

shopkeepers

NiranjanSarani

leading to the

trenching ground

from the Sarkar

Bazar will not cause

major problem.

However there can

be air and water

pollution

8 Sarkar Bazar 10 Shopkeepers

and daily

commuters

As one of the most

important road

junctions and serving

three to four wards,

construction will

cause Traffic

inconvenience with

congestion and

increased travel time.

It will also lead to

reduced access to

residences and

businesses.

Dust generation and

garbage of debris on


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Ward


No of

Participants

Nature of

Participants

Key identified

Positive and

negative feedbacks

site road during

construction

8 Col KP Gupta Road 12 Mixed

profession

group

A main arterial road

of the town. There is

very limited

alternative traffic

diversion and hence

laying of

underground sewer

network will lead to

inconvenience of

movement of traffic

and access to

residences.

8/9 Existing Lifting Station Site

Dr N.C Bose Road

10 Local residents Traffic inconvenience

and reduced access to

the by lanes

Noise pollution

12 Proposed STP site

Mishtipukur Road

10 Local residents Road narrowing,

dust generation

causing

inconvenience to the

residents.

Noise and odour

nuisance to people

residing in the

opposite side of the

road

14 Proposed Lifting Station 15 Daily Since it is located


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Ward


No of

Participants

Nature of

Participants

Key identified

Positive and

negative feedbacks

Alakananda Water tank commuters,

Shopkeepers

and local

residents

beside the water tank

people were

apprehensive

whether it would

lead to contamination

of land and soil

through leaching

Noise and Air

Pollution during

construction

15 Station Road 15 Daily

commuters

Auto drivers

Reduced access to the

railway station

Some traffic

disruption

18 Proposed Lifting Station

ESR site on Napit road

5 Mixed Group

with

predomination

of youth

There will be no

major inconvenience

as the site is within a

walled area and it is

away from the

residential location.

There may be soil

and water

contamination

coupled with air

pollution

20 Existing Lifting Station

Market near Gate no2

15 Mixed group Dust generation and

reduced access

22/23 Maniktala Road 5 Access to residences

due to narrow roads

connecting the


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Ward


No of

Participants

Nature of

Participants

Key identified

Positive and

negative feedbacks

main road will be

reduced

resulting in traffic

congestions.

8 HalisaharAdarshaVidyapith 5 Senior School

Students

School is located on

Col K P Gupta Road

Since there is very

limited scope for

traffic diversion it

will cause serious

traffic jam

Noise pollution

during construction.

6 Halisahar Municipality

Maternity Home

8 General public Located beside the

Municipality , the

medical facility will

face problems in

terms of

transportation of

patients , visits by

patient party and

handling

emergencies

Source Public Consultation

Apart from the identification of the sensitive areas the consultation also revealed that under

earlier phases of GAP implementation the structures which were created have not been

functional and several issues like theft and anti-social activities have been witnessed. The

people thus opined that the project needs to be implemented in time so that these kind of

issues are not in place.


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People in general were aware of pollution due septic tanks and sewer disposal. But it does

not go much beyond the fact that due to industrial waste, garbage dumping, open defecation

and dirty untreated water the River Ganga is polluted.

The extent of Pollution in the city, the groundwater contamination and pollution of Ponds

and streams are not clear to the people. At the same time the idea about the project is very

vague. Young people who live near the existing structures are aware that some project had

been undertaken to treat the dirty water but has no idea about what the mechanism is and

what components are covered.

The filthy views of open drains, bad odours, flies, mosquitoes, pathogens right in the heart

of the town makes people realise the dangers and health hazards.

People were of the opinion that the pollution levels of industrial effluents if passed

unchecked by over sight of WBPCB or any other reason may cause greater damage than

domestic wastes to the river along the town and downstream. The industrial effluents

contain toxic chemicals in much dangerous quantities, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury

etc. This is causing disease to human and animals besides odour nuisance, killing aquatic

life, polluting groundwater; introducing toxicity to the agricultural products.

There is fear of contamination of sewer water mixing with ground water for drinking as

proposed lifting stations are located beside Water tank.

Plastics are hazard to seabirds, fish, and other marine creatures, can strangle or choke fish.


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CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL

MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT

PLAN


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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND

MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environment Management Action Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable

development of the proposed Sewerage System in Halisahar Network & STP, West

Bengal. The Network & STP will cater the sewage generated from Halisahar town.

The project components include:

Laying of sewer network of 226.994km

Total number of lifting station in Halisahar six (6).

Rising main of 0.61 km

Laying a comprehensive sewer upto house property line.

Total 226.994 km sewer line including house connections (diameter varies

from 150 to 900 mm) are proposed.

Two lifting stations with augmentations (additional deeper sump) and three

new lifting stations and also three underground LS.

Augmentation of two existing MPS with increasing pump capacity and

providing additional deeper sump within the existing campus.

10 Sewage Pumping Station at LS-1 Manicktala Road, LS-2 SashthiTala Lane,

LS-3 Zamindar Road bye lane 7, LS-4 NiranjanSamajpatiSarani, LS-5

K.P.Gupta Bye Lane, MPS-1 Bhaganpara Road, UGLS4 of LS-4 Kabiraj Para,

UGLS5 of LS-5 K.P.Gupta Bye Lane, UGLS of MPS-2 Das Para Road, MPS-2

MisriPukur Main Road.

One STP proposed.

Effluent disposal line up to the nearby Kona Khal.

It may be noted that like any construction project, NGRBA investment may

have adverse impact that have to be effectively managed during the planning,

design, construction and operational phase.

Project specific EMP is given in table 7.1.


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In general, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) is responsible for ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP are carried out.

In general, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA)is accountable for

ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP are carried out.

7.2 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator

The activities to be performed by the Operator to implement the EMP shall comprise

the following:

Obtain consent to establish from West Bengal State Pollution Control Board

Chief Engr. (GAP)

Project supervision and implementation team consisting of:- a)material monitoring

b) design monitoring c)alignment finalization & quality control monitoring and d)

environment & social expert.

social experts.

KMDA

Project Manager (DBO Operator)

Environmental Officer (DBO Operator)

WBPCB Supt. Engr. (GAP)

Exe. Engr. (GAP)

Team Leader along with support of Supervision team

DBO Operator


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under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 for the STP

Implementation of other mitigation measures, as recommended in EMP attached

to the bid document.

7.3 Implementation of EMP

The DBO Operator shall have prime responsibility to implement the EMP. “The

DBO engineer” shall monitor the compliance of the EMP. DBO engineer and Kolkata

Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) will have secondary responsibility

for implementation of EMP.

The Operator shall ensure that:

Ensure that sewer laying process does not create hazardous movement

situation. Also ensure that public is pre-warned about the activities,

construction area is barricaded, all debris is well managed causing minimum

inconvenience to public and other measures are implemented as indicated

under EMP

That influent sewage shall continue to receive the current level of treatment

during the construction period of new STP. No untreated sewage shall be

discharged into the river or land during construction and operation period of

STP.

The digested sludge shall be utilised as manure or disposed to suitable site as

per criteria defined under EMP and approved by DBO engineer.

STP design shall be evolved with enough holding capacity to ensure that no

untreated sewage is discharged to river during STP breakdown or temporary

closure.

Specific area shall be earmarked for intermittent storage of biodegradable and

non-biodegradable waste.

Tree plantation (minimum two row) shall be made on the periphery of the SPS

& STP to prevent spread of bad odour and undertake landscaping to enhance

aesthetic at SPS locations & STP location.


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Table 7-1: Environment Management Plan

Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern

Duration of impact

Mitigation Measures Responsible agency

A. Design and Development Phase

Sewage Treatment plant

Treated water disposal into nearby stream

Pollution of received water body ( river) or land due to inefficient treatment or non-operation of STP

Temporary The treated water quality shall comply with the prescribed standards of the bid document and other applicable conditions of consent to establish issued by the state pollution control board.

Selection of best available sewage treatment technology with High BOD removal efficiency.

Ensuring development and compliance to standard operation and maintenance practices.

Provision of effective screening at inlet of STP for removal of grit, fine plastics and other suspended solids

Provision of effective separation and controlled disposal of digested sludge

Provision effective disinfection before discharge of treated water for irrigation or to river

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


STP Breakdown

Discharge of untreated sewage leading river pollution.

Temporary Provision of adequate holding capacity adequate for storage of sewage to prevent flow of untreated sewage to river.

DBO Operator

Flooding due to rain water run off

Rain water may flood the STP area in absence of adequate provision of diverting rain water flow towards STP from periphery area.

Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be made to divert the rain water likely to be accumulated from peripheral catchment area of STP, to natural drainage stream or area.

DBO Operator

Sludge disposal

Disposal of sludge leading to contamination of land and water.

Permanent Efficient Sludge dewatering with minimum land involvement shall be adopted.

Provision shall be made for intermittent storage of digested sludge at STP site.

The digested sludge shall be utilised as manure or disposed to suitable site as approved by DBO engineer. If disposal is made for land fill, the site shall be located away from habitation, and water bodies and shall be pre-approved by concerned authorities like Municipal corporation, Pollution Control Board or urban development authority.

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


Provision for safety of workers and safe operation of STPs

Accidents leading to injury or death of workers ( Fall of workers from Height, Fall into deep water tanks, Short Circuiting)

Accidental slip, trip and fall in walk ways or work areas

Fire

Exposure to toxic gas such as chlorine

Permanent Ensure adequate provision of Handrails on both sides of walkways close to deeper tanks and STPs need to be ensured;

All electric switches ( including unit specific on-off switches installed at respective units ) and panels should have adequate protection from rain water to prevent short circuiting

Proper earthling with installation of earth circuit breakers shall be made

Walk ways designs shall be made with proper slope to avoid accumulation of rain water. Material handling and storage shall be so designed that walk way surface remains free from wet or oil surface situation to prevent slips, trip or fall accidents.

Provision of interlock system to either stop STP or divert untreated effluent to holding tanks in case of short circuiting, or mall functioning of STP

Prepare emergency preparedness plan including identification of

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


assembly area in case of fire

Sewerage Network ( Trunk Sewer Line)

Accidental leakages/ bursts

Due to accidental burst or leakage of sewers, flooding of the nearby areas

Backlogging due to unexpected heavy flow rates

Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity

Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan

DBO Operator

Sewage Pumping Station

Location of Sewage Pumping Station and Pumping of sewage from MPS 2 to STP

Noise and odour nuisance hazards to neighboring areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent

Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards as applicable and enclosed generators.

Minimize Tree cutting if involved.

Tree plantation of at least two rows around the periphery of SPS site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour by planting locally available as well as large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Neem (Azadirachta indica), Banyan(Ficus benghalensis), Krishnachura (Caesalpiniapul cherrima), Radhachura (Delonixregia), Sesum etc. Fruit trees like Mango, Banana,

DBO Operator




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Duration of impact


and Coconut are found in within the urban area.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.

Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when not in use;

B. Construction phase

Sewage treatment plant

Excavation Loss of topsoil due to excavation activities.

Temporary The existing STP shall not be demolished till alternate arrangement for treatment of existing sewage is made to ensure that untreated sewage is not discharged to river.

Excavation shall be planned in such a

manner that such that no damage

occurs to existing structures.

Top soil should be separately stockpiled and utilized for green belt development or landscaping after completion of work

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


Construction waste Temporary All the associated construction waste should be properly managed by storing and disposing off at suitable refusal sites approved by DBO engineer.

DBO Operator

Nuisance due to domestic solid waste disposal

Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are collected in segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed to designated land fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites.

DBO Operator

Dust Generation due to construction activities

Temporary Excavated material transported by trucks will be covered and/or wetted to prevent dust nuisance.

Suppressing dust generation by spraying water on stockpiles and unpaved movement areas

Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread.

Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate.

Temporary flooding due to uneven dumping of construction waste

Temporary The construction waste material should be stored on the higher areas of the site and or areas where water may accumulate creating flooding like situation

DBO Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit.

DBO Operator

Noise and vibration disturbances to residents and businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior intimation to local residents and shop keepers.

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment (such as enclosed generators with mufflers, instruments with built in vibration dampening and improved exhaust),

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


to meet standards as prescribed by CPCB4.

Provision of protective equipment ( PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers. .

Provision of noise barriers as feasible in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.

DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.

Construction camps

Sanitation Nuisance due to absence of facility of sanitation and solid waste management

Temporary Labour camp if provided, must have adequate provision of shelter, water supply, sanitation and solid waste management

DBO Operator

General: safety during construction

Safety and Health Hazard

Safety hazards to labours and public. Workers are seen to working without any PPE even at height.

Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company and ambulance services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed.

Follow safe practices for working at height or confined area or

DBO Operator

4http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html


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Duration of impact


underground working for safety of workers

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent dangers.

Provide adequate PPE to workers such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers

Provide handrails on both sides of walkways close to deeper tanks and STPs need to be ensured;

Smaller on and off switches at STP units to be installed with protection from rain water to minimize electrical short circuit;

Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

Sewerage and Sewage Pumping station

Excavation, cutting, back filling, compaction and

Damage to underground utilities like water, gas line, electricity and telephone conduits, etc. due to construction

Temporary Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through available records and in consultation with concerned authorities and plan construction

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


construction operations

activities. activities accordingly to minimize damage to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is complete and settlement has taken place

Accidents/ damages due to erosion/ sliding of vertical sides of excavated trenches while places the pipes

Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other materials

Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain safely at rest.

DBO Operator

Generation of substantial debris, top soil and muck during construction

Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural purpose or development of city parks.

Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and landscaping;

Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas after placing the trunk sewer lines.

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


Dust Generation ( Air Pollution) due to excavation, cutting, back filling and compaction operations

Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.

Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate.

DBO Operator

Noise and vibration disturbances to residents and businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior intimation to local residents and shop keepers.

Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.). Special care to be taken in sensitive areas like school, collage, hospital, health centre GP Road has Matri Sadan and also School on the Shibergoli junction and AdarshaVidyalaya in

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


Ward 6. It also has number of Institutions like the municipality, Library crematorium.

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards.

Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers. .

Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.

DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.

Temporary flooding due to excavation during monsoons or blockage of surface drains

Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;

Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water run-off channels and erosion;

DBO Operator

Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times, blockage of access)

Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be made for narrow lane areas.

Work should to be completed on priority near business and market

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


place to minimize business loss.

Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these places during construction.

Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to facilitate normal life and business

Settlement of backfilled area after construction

Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products, slag, cinders, ash or other material.

Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying of sewer.

Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original level of alignment and grade.

DBO Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit.

DBO Operator

Nuisance due to solid waste disposal

Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste is collected in

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed for designated land fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites.

General: safety during construction

Accidents Safety hazards to labours and public

Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company and ambulance services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed.

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent dangers.

Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

C. Operation phase

Sewage treatment plant

Treatment and Disposal of Treated Water and Sludge

River, land or ground water pollution due to discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage due to inadequate or inefficient STP operations.

Temporary Monitor the treated sewage quality and ensure compliance with PCB standards for effluent disposal into surface water bodies, on land or for the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures for operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate

Quarterly monitoring of influent sewage, treated sewage, upstream and downstream point of treated sewage disposal point to river

DBO Operator

Problems arising due to bad odour, insects, polluted air,

Temporary Maintain the green belt as per provision of design to prevent spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


waste to be cleared within 24 hours and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.

Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air Quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5, Sox and NOx, CO and Odour at three locations ( at STP site, minimum 500 m away from STP site in up-wind and down-wind direction of STP area.

Increase in Ambient Noise Level and discomfort to neighbouring people

Temporary Proper handling and regular maintenance of operating machines including pumps, generators, air diffusers, etc.

Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient Noise level to check compliance to standards.

Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise levels ( day and night) at same locations as of ambient air monitoring

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


Indiscriminate disposal of sludge leading to contamination of land and soil.

Temporary Prepares sludge disposal plan as per desire stage provisions and guidelines and adhere to the same.

Ensure proper functioning of STP for digestion of sludge and ensure adequate functioning of dewatering units for efficient functioning of system

DBO Operator

River, land or ground water pollution due to discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage due to inadequate or inefficient STP operations.

Temporary Ensure compliance with PCB standards for effluent disposal into surface water bodies, on land or for the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures for operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate

DBO Operator

General Safety

Workers exposure to hazardous materials/situations

Serious/health/ safety hazards

Temporary Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.

Follow safety measures and Emergency preparedness plan evolved at design stage

DBO Operator

Sewer line Leakage/ overflows

Water pollution and possibility of mixing

Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible leakages/

DBO Operator


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Duration of impact


with water supply line overflows.

Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages.

Sewage Pumping Station

Waste Handling

Bad odour, Health hazard and public nuisance

Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to minimize odor nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal site as approved by DBO engineer.

DBO Operator

General Safety

Workers exposure to toxic gases in sewers and hazardous materials during sewer maintenance work

Serious/health/ safety hazards

The toxic gases are likely to contract communicable diseases from exposure to pathogens present in the sewage.

Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are present in the line.

Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.

Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

DBO Operator


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Table 7.3: Estimated Cost of ESMP

Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure

Cost included in the

DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

Design and

Development

Provision for

accidental leakages /

bursts in SPS,STP

Proper drainage

arrangements to

prevent water

stagnation/ flooding

in SPS site area& STP

Yes (not specific but

included as a part of

associated

construction

activity)

DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

Halisahar Town,

The proposed DPR

includes these

activities

Location of SPS,STP Appropriate siting,

and enclosing within

building to reduce

noise and odour

nuisance to

surrounding area

Yes DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

Halisahar Town

The proposed

SPS,STP will be

indoor which will

prevent noise and

enclosed nature and

appropriate cleaning

and maintenance will

prevent odour

nuisance

Construction Excavation, Cutting

and filling operations

Review of existing

infrastructure, shoring

trenches,

reinstatement/


system in Sewerage

Halisahar Town

The proposed DPR

includes these

activities


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DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

resurfacing

Damage public

utilities

Proper reviewing of

existing drawing s of

utilities, informing

concern authorities

and reinstatement of

public utilities


system in Sewerage

Halisahar Town

The proposed DPR

includes these

activities

Dust generation Water sprinkling on excavated material to suppress dust and provision of top cover when transported through vehicles

No Rs 9,84,104/- According to DPR 227 Km stretch will be completed in 27 months. This means approximately 276.8 m will be covered per day. Labour Cost Rs 200/day Tanker Rs 400/- day Cost Rs 600/276.8 = Rs 2.167/- Cost for 227 KM = Rs 4,92,052/- for two times a day = Rs 984104/-

Top cover for dumper truck

No

Rs. 33,750/-

30 sq. mtr cost of covering 30*Rs 75 =


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DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

Rs 2250/- for 5 nos dumper = 5*2250 = Rs 11,250 cover to be changed atleast 3 times during construction. Cost = 3*11250=Rs 33750/-

Noise and vibrations Usage of sound barriers or sheets.

No

Rs. 17,79,500/-

One side barricading: No. of sheet required (276.8 mtr/3 mtr) * 2 = 184.5 , say 185 nos. So total number required 370. Cost of sheeting 370*1075=Rs 3,97,750/- (plain GI sheet cost Rs 1075 per sheet). Two sets barricading require 2*397,750/- =Rs 795500/-. Labour required for this work 6 nos @ 200/- = Rs 1200/- per day. Cost of labour = 1200*820= Rs 9,84,000/-. Total Cost = Rs 2*3,97,750/- + Rs


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DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

9,84,000/ = Rs 17,79,500/-

Temporary flooding or , water logging

Alternate traffic re-routing, Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas Yes

Increased traffic inconvenience

Traffic re-routing Yes

Safety hazards to workers and residents

Putting fences or other barricades to demarcate the area

No Rs 68,000/- Cost of Fence /wire 100 kgs @Rs 600 per Kg = Rs 60,000/- . Labour required for this work 4 nos @ 200/- = Rs 800/- per day=8000 Total cost = Rs 68000

Health hazards and nuisance due to absence of facility for sanitation or solid waste management

Sanitation No Rs 13,62,646/- Cost of Septic Tank

for 200 users= Rs

1,50,000

Cost of twin soak pit

for 2 years = Rs

15000/-*2=Rs

30,000/-

Cost of 5 seater water


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DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

closet = Rs 1,60,650/-

(Ref: Establishment and

Management of

Community Sanitary

Complexes in Rural

Areas- A handbook.

Cost enhanced as it has

considered the cost in

May 2011)

No. of labour engaged

nearly 700-800 nos

Therefore, Cost of

sanitation =

4*3,40,650=Rs13,62,64

6/-

Creation of Water Supply

No Rs 450000/- Provision of tubewells @Rs150000 in app 3 locations where water supply is not available . Approval for tubewells will be acquired from the concerned authority


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DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

Dust bins No Rs. 200000/-

Construction Fly Nuisance at STP Application of insecticides

No Rs 100000/- Lumpsum Cost

Treatment of Disposal of Sludge

Ensure proper functioning of STP for digestion of sludge

No Rs. 165000/- Lumpsum Cost

Sludge Monitoring

Analysis of sludge and its neutralization

No

Rs. 165000/-

Lumpsum Cost

Tree Plantation & Landscaping

No Rs. 240000/- Lumpsum Cost

Training and Awareness generation

Among the workers of construction camp and operators of STP and Monitoring and Evaluation expert

No Rs. 100000/-

Lumpsum Cost

Monitoring Cost of Monitoring during Construction Phase ( 2 years )

Rs 12,30,000.00 @ Rs 6,15,000 per year ( Refer to Appendix 1)

Cost of Monitoring during Operation Phase ( 2 years)

Rs 9,60,000.00 @ Rs 4,80,000 per year ( Refer to Appendix 1)

Total Cost of Environment Management Rs 78,38,000/-


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7.7 Public Involvement and Disclosure

This involves two key objectives. The primary objective of the public consultation is to

gather information on public concerns about the project. The second objective is to disclose

or communicate the ESIA findings and proposed mitigation measures to determine the

degree of public acceptance. Public information collection and information disclosures

would be done through different systems as mentioned in the Governance and

Accountability Action Plan. Mandatory disclosure will be done through websites of SPMG,

NMCG and World Bank. Both information gathering and disclosure are to be focused on

project-affected people and beneficiaries from different age groups, genders, educational

backgrounds, and occupations, as well as other stakeholders from areas immediately

adjacent to the project sites and from other parts of the town. Multipurpose kiosks will be set

up in the Municipal area to handle public involvement and disclosure (Refer to GAAP

report given as a separate volume).

The issues and concerns raised at the public consultation program have been appropriately

addressed during the ESIA and mitigation planning. Specific mitigation measures have been

designed to avoid or minimize the adverse impacts of most concern to the public, with

specific implementing timetables and budgets.

7.8 Conclusion

The Objective of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure

environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA‟s endeavor of Mission Clean Ganga

by effective management of environmental and social issues. These social and

environmental issues or impacts have to be effectively managed during the planning,

design, construction and operational phases of NGRBA investments. With this in mind the

ESMF of Halisahar Municipality undertakes an in depth analysis of the impacts that can

occur during all the phases. As there have been no issues of Land acquisition the social

impacts has been minimized related to the temporary disruptions as result of the

construction of the Sewerage system particularly the networks. Halisahar being a small

town with unplanned growth and urbanization, settlements and roads creates an

unimaginable network which is detrimental to any development work. Thus the digging of


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earth will lead to reduced access to settlements and business. Road blockage, traffic

congestion will have some amount of impact on the livelihood of the people. However this

is not in measurable terms and a planned and systematic mitigation measure to handle the

situation will be able to reduce the impacts. Another social impact is the impact on health

due to air and noise pollution. The major interventions are –

Communication information dissemination and Reduced impact on health for

reduced pollution

Coordination with the traffic department for better traffic flow and have processe in

place

Removal of any potential obstacles that might prevent customers to access residences

and business etc.

Prevent accidental water/electricity supply disruptions

Ensuring prompt fixing/replacing of damaged infrastructure

The environmental impacts were identified during the construction and operation of the

sewerage system. These impacts will be more localised related to air, noise pollution and

water pollution in the excavation sites. The impacts are –

Temporary change in Air quality

Noise generated from different stages of the construction works.

Contamination of water from suspended solid run offs and waste water from the

project sites.

Traffic disruption

An effective management framework has been drawn for mitigation of the social and

environmental impacts with proper implementation and monitoring plan of action. The

mitigation measures cover waste water management practices, creation of green belt to

traffic diversion and adopting trenchless technology. The responsible agency at all levels for

each of the mitigation measures have been well defined in the management framework.


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ANNEXURES


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Appendix 1 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring

Cost of environmental monitoring would be broken under two phases – the construction

phase and the Operational phase. In the construction phase monitoring will be carried out

for a period of 2 years while in the operational phase it will be carried out for 5 years.

Table 7.5 : Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Construction Phase (2 Years)

S. No. Monitoring Parameter No. of

Stations/ Samplers

Frequency (Yearly)

Unit Cost Cost

(INR)

1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

As per NAAQS, 2009 4 2 9,000.00 72,000.00

2 Ambient Noise Level Monitoring

Noise level monitoring ( During Day & Night Time) As per CPCB standards

4 2 4,000.00 32,000.00

3 Noise Monitoring (D.G sets)

As per CPCB standards

Depending on number of DG sets used (lump sum)

2 5,500.00 11,000.00

4 Drinking/ Ground Water Quality

As per IS: 10500 4 4 10,000.00 1,60,000.00

5 Surface water Monitoring

As per IS 2296 8 4 10,000.00 3,20,000.00

6 Soil Monitoring Essential parameters 1 2 10,000.00 20,000.00

Total 6,15,000.00

a) Annual environment monitoring cost during construction phase is Rs 6,00,000.00.

Therefore for two years of construction period, the environment monitoring cost is

Rs. 12,30, 000.00 (Rupees Twelve Lacs thirty thousand only).


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Table 7.6: Cost of Environmental Monitoring: Operational Phase (5 Years)

S. No.

Monitoring Parameter No. of Stations/

Samplers Frequency

(Yearly) Unit Cost

Cost (INR)

1 Drinking/ Ground Water Quality

As per IS: 10500

4 4 10,000.00 1,60,000.00

2 Surface water Monitoring

As per IS 2296

8 4 10,000.00 3,20,000.00

Total 4,80,000.00

Annual environment monitoring cost during operational phase is Rs 4,80,000.00. Therefore

for two years of operation period, the environment monitoring cost is Rs. 9,60,000.00

(Rupees Nine Lacs sixty Thousand only).


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ANNEXURE – 1: Households Questionnaire

Environmental and Social Management Framework under NGRBA for Halisahar Municipality

Household questionnaire

1. Name:

2. Sex: 1. Male 2. Female

3. Ward:

4. What is the source of drinking water? 1 Piped Water 2 Tubewell 3. Well 4. River 5.

Others

5. Do you think that the quality of water is good? 1. Yes 2. No

6. Do you have pucca toilet at home? 1. Yes 2. No

7. If no, do you want to construct pucca toilet at home? 1 Yes 2 No

8. Do you think river Ganga is polluted? 1. Yes 2. No

9. What is the source of pollution? 1. Household waste through drains 2. Garbage dump 3

Industrial waste 4 Others

10. Are you aware of the project that aims to clean Ganga? 1. Yes 2. No

11. What would be the direct benefits of the project? 1 Clean Ganga 2 Health Improvement 3

Improvement of service 4 Low pollution and Clean Environment 5 Other

12. Do you want to connect it to the sewerage line? 1. Yes 2. No

13. Are you willing to pay user charges to cover O and M costs? 1. Yes 2. No

14. What problems would you face during the construction and post construction phases?

Sl no

CONSEQUENCES (Pre)

MITIGATION ( Pre)

CONSEQUENCES (Post)

Mitigation( Post)

1 Traffic blockage Traffic blockage

2 Parking disruption Parking disruption

3 Dust Dust

4 Loss of tree Loss of tree


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Sl no

CONSEQUENCES (Pre)

MITIGATION ( Pre)

CONSEQUENCES (Post)

Mitigation( Post)

cover/rare species

of tree

cover/rare species

of tree

5 Noise Noise

6 Pollution of water

body

Pollution of water

body

7 Temporary

disruption of water

body

Temporary

disruption of water

body

8 Soil and water

contamination due

to indiscriminate

disposal of

construction and

demolition waste

Soil and water

contamination due

to indiscriminate

disposal of

construction and

demolition waste

9 Health Health

10 Livelihood Livelihood

15. From where did you come to know about it?

Leaflet

Poster

Cable TV

Radio

Local news paper

Ward Councillors or other representatives

Govt. dept staff

Municipal staff

Meetings 16. How could awareness on the project be generated?

Leaflet

Poster

Cable TV

Radio

Local news paper


Govt. dept staff

Municipal staff

Meetings


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ANNEXURE - 2: Sample Survey Sheets


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ANNEXURE – 3: FGD Query Sheet

Environmental and Social Management Framework under NGRBA

Focus Group Discussion Date:

1. Location:-

2. Ward no:-

3. Mix of Group:-

4. What are the sources of Drinking water? Give opinion on The Quality of Water.

5. What are the sources of Ganga River Pollution in your Town?

6. Which are the key points of pollution of the River Ganga?

7. Is there any practice of open defecation in river in your town?

8. Why is such practice still prevalent?

9. Do you think that the Ganga River Should Be Cleaned?

10. If Yes, how? (probable Steps)

11. Are You Aware That Project Has Been Taken to Mitigate River Pollution In Your

Town?

12. Do you know the components of this project ?

13. How did you get to know about it?

14. Do you know how would you be benefitted from this Project?

15. Do you want to establish sewerage connections even for houses with septic tanks?

16. Are you willing to pay the user charge to cover O&M cost?

17. Do you Think That You Have Some Responsibility Regarding This Project?

18. Please indicate () The Probable Consequences of the Construction Involved In This

Project? (Temporary)


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Sl no CONSEQUENCES MITIGATION

1 Traffic blockage

2 Parking disruption

3 Dust

4 Loss of tree cover/rare species of tree

5 Noise

6 Pollution of water body

7 Temporary disruption of water body

8 Soil and water contamination due to indiscriminate disposal of construction and demolition waste

9 Health

10 Livelihood

19. Which areas will be most affected by Temporary Disruption?

20. Please indicate () the Probable consequences of the Project post Completion? And

what could be the solution?

Sl no ONSEQUENCES MITIGATION

1 Traffic blockage

2 Parking disruption

3 Dust generation

4 Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses

5 Loss of tree cover/rare species of tree

6 Noise

7 Odour

8 Pollution of water body


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9 Soil contamination

21. Are you aware of any Community Based Awareness program/Social Movement

organized for or against this Project

22. How can awareness about the program be raised? Give opinions

Leaflet

Poster

Cable TV

Radio

Local news paper


Govt. deptt. staff

Municipal staff

Meetings


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ANNEXURE – 4: Glimpses of the FGD and Household survey

conducted in Sensitive Locations of Halisahar Municipality

Sarkarbazar, FGD Jamindar Lane, W-20, FGD

Galupara, W-20, FGD Sarkarbazar, FGD

HalisaharAdarshaVidyapith,FGD Sarkarbazar, FGD


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Zamindarlane, W-18, HH

Survey

Near Trenching Ground HH

Survey, W-8

Bagmore, W-2,HH Survey

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