INDICATORS FOR A CLEAN BLACK INDICATORS FOR A CLEAN BLACK SEASEA

VASILE PATRASCUVASILE PATRASCU, SIMION NICOLAEV, RADU MIHNEA, , SIMION NICOLAEV, RADU MIHNEA, ELENA DUMITRESCU, LUCIA POPA, TANIA ZAHARIAELENA DUMITRESCU, LUCIA POPA, TANIA ZAHARIA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA”AND DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA”

No. 300, MAMAIA BLVD, RO-900581, CONSTANTA / ROMANIA, No. 300, MAMAIA BLVD, RO-900581, CONSTANTA / ROMANIA,

FAX: +40 241 831274, E.mail: vasile@alpha.rmri.roFAX: +40 241 831274, E.mail: vasile@alpha.rmri.ro

Destined for:Destined for:

- environmental reports- environmental reports

- decisions making- decisions making

- operational and scientific - operational and scientific analysesanalyses

Reference points for annual Reference points for annual marine environmental reportmarine environmental report

1-Physico-chemical indicators1-Physico-chemical indicators (Transparency, (Transparency, Temperature, Salinity, Oxygen, Nutrients, Heavy Temperature, Salinity, Oxygen, Nutrients, Heavy metals, Total and Poliaromatic hydrocarbons, metals, Total and Poliaromatic hydrocarbons, Pesticide)Pesticide)

2-Ecosystem and living resource state2-Ecosystem and living resource state

• littoral and coastal zone (erosion, sea level);littoral and coastal zone (erosion, sea level);

• biotic components (bacteria; diversity and biomass biotic components (bacteria; diversity and biomass for fito and zoo plankton, macro algae, zoo benthos, for fito and zoo plankton, macro algae, zoo benthos, fisheries resources)fisheries resources)

• biodiversity and threatened species (macro algae, biodiversity and threatened species (macro algae, invertebrate, fish, dolphins)invertebrate, fish, dolphins)

• marine living resourcesmarine living resources

3-General trend3-General trend (general state, last evolution and (general state, last evolution and expectant tendency)expectant tendency)

Reference termsReference terms

INDICATOR: INDICATOR: • Numerical expression for phenomena Numerical expression for phenomena

characterization help from quantitatively, characterization help from quantitatively, compositionally, structurally, its temporally compositionally, structurally, its temporally change (increase or decrease), its reciprocal change (increase or decrease), its reciprocal linkage with others phenomena point of view etc; linkage with others phenomena point of view etc;

• Can be expressed in natural, natural-conventional Can be expressed in natural, natural-conventional and monetary measurements units, in absolute, and monetary measurements units, in absolute, relative and average magnitude;relative and average magnitude;

• This delivers a physical, chemical, biological, This delivers a physical, chemical, biological, social and economic significant variable, that it social and economic significant variable, that it can be measured by specified way, for can be measured by specified way, for management purposesmanagement purposes

IMPOSED REQUIRIMENTS for indicatorsIMPOSED REQUIRIMENTS for indicators

• Their selection must to correspond at Their selection must to correspond at one environmental priority taken into one environmental priority taken into accountaccount

• Exiting data support for indicators Exiting data support for indicators evaluationevaluation

• Monitoring system for obtaining Monitoring system for obtaining background databackground data

• Scientific sound and easy processingScientific sound and easy processing• End user requirements satisfactionEnd user requirements satisfaction

KIND OF INDICATORSKIND OF INDICATORS

STATE: STATE: • Attribute(s) of the natural environment that Attribute(s) of the natural environment that

reflect its integrity as regards a specified issuereflect its integrity as regards a specified issuePRESSURE: PRESSURE: • Means by which at least one activity or process Means by which at least one activity or process

intended to enhance human welfare causes or intended to enhance human welfare causes or contributes to a change in Statecontributes to a change in State

IMPACT: IMPACT: • A change in human welfare attributable to a A change in human welfare attributable to a

change in Statechange in StateRESPONSE: RESPONSE: • An initiative intended to reduce at least one An initiative intended to reduce at least one

Impact and in which manner the ecosystem react Impact and in which manner the ecosystem react to this to this

ISSUE: GENERALISSUE: GENERAL

General Indicators:General Indicators:• Temperature (Celsius degree); Temperature (Celsius degree);

• Salinity (g/l);Salinity (g/l);

• Transparency (m);Transparency (m);

• Dissolved Oxygen concentration Dissolved Oxygen concentration (µmol/l);(µmol/l);

• Oxygen Saturation (%)Oxygen Saturation (%)

ISSUE: CONTAMINATIONISSUE: CONTAMINATION

State Indicators : State Indicators : • The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, The concentration of heavy metals (Cu,

Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn) in seawater (µg/L) Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn) in seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/kg)and sediments (mg/kg)

• The organo-halogenated compounds in The organo-halogenated compounds in seawater (ng/L) and sediments (µg/Kg)seawater (ng/L) and sediments (µg/Kg)

• The concentration of poliaromatic The concentration of poliaromatic hydrocarbons in sediments (µg/Kg)hydrocarbons in sediments (µg/Kg)

• The concentration of total hydrocarbons in The concentration of total hydrocarbons in seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/Kg)seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/Kg)

• Bathing water quality (germs/100 ml)Bathing water quality (germs/100 ml)

Pressure Indicators: Pressure Indicators: • The total load of metals and organo-The total load of metals and organo-

halogenated compounds (kg)halogenated compounds (kg) • The total volume of total hydrocarbons The total volume of total hydrocarbons

annual loss (tones/year);annual loss (tones/year);

• Contamination sources activity (pollutants Contamination sources activity (pollutants quantity: tones/year)quantity: tones/year)

ISSUE: CONTAMINATIONISSUE: CONTAMINATION

Impact Indicators:Impact Indicators:• The overall relative trend shown by The overall relative trend shown by

bioaccumulation of substances or groups bioaccumulation of substances or groups of substances in biota (heavy metals, of substances in biota (heavy metals, pesticides, PAH, radionuclides etc)pesticides, PAH, radionuclides etc)

Response Indicators:Response Indicators:• Environmental: Environmental: The rate of restoration of The rate of restoration of

baseline conditions concerning the level of baseline conditions concerning the level of pollutants in seawater.pollutants in seawater.

• Human resources:Human resources: numerical evolution of numerical evolution of actively experts involved in pollution actively experts involved in pollution monitoring fieldmonitoring field

ISSUE: CONTAMINATIONISSUE: CONTAMINATION

ISSUE: EUTROPHICATIONISSUE: EUTROPHICATION

State Indicators :State Indicators :• The total concentration of nitrogen (nitrite, The total concentration of nitrogen (nitrite,

nitrate, ammonia, organic nitrogen- µmol/l);nitrate, ammonia, organic nitrogen- µmol/l);• The total concentration of the phosphorus The total concentration of the phosphorus

(orthophosphates, organic phosphorus - µmol/l);(orthophosphates, organic phosphorus - µmol/l);• Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio in water;Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio in water;• Silicon dissolved concentration (µmol/l);Silicon dissolved concentration (µmol/l);• chlorophyll chlorophyll aa concentration (µg/l); concentration (µg/l);• Phytoplankton: density (cells/l), biomass (mg/mPhytoplankton: density (cells/l), biomass (mg/m33););• Trophyc zooplankton: density (specimens/mTrophyc zooplankton: density (specimens/m33), ),

biomass (mg/mbiomass (mg/m33););• Zoobenthos: density (specimens/mZoobenthos: density (specimens/m22), biomass ), biomass

(g/m(g/m22))

ISSUE: EUTROPHICATIONISSUE: EUTROPHICATION

Pressure Indicators:Pressure Indicators:• The load of total nitrogen and phosphorus The load of total nitrogen and phosphorus

(tones/year);(tones/year);

Impact Indicators:Impact Indicators:• The algal blooms expressed as frequency/year and The algal blooms expressed as frequency/year and

frequency x extent in kmfrequency x extent in km22/year/year• Unitary and total quantity of benthal dead Unitary and total quantity of benthal dead

organisms on coastal unit length (tones/Km)organisms on coastal unit length (tones/Km)

Response Indicators:Response Indicators:• Environmental: Environmental: The rate of restoration expressed as The rate of restoration expressed as

a percentage of base level of total dissolved oxygen a percentage of base level of total dissolved oxygen • Policy: Policy: The rate of progress in nutrient discharge The rate of progress in nutrient discharge

control measures control measures • Human resources:Human resources: numerical evolution of actively numerical evolution of actively

experts involved in eutrophication fieldexperts involved in eutrophication field

ISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATSISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS

State Indicators:State Indicators:• Species number of marine organisms by Species number of marine organisms by

class and areals;class and areals;• Number of the threatened marine species;Number of the threatened marine species;• Habitats diversity (number, tips)Habitats diversity (number, tips)Pressure Indicators:Pressure Indicators:• Number of the exotic species;Number of the exotic species;• Number of the marine comercial species;Number of the marine comercial species;• Number of the antrophic activity with Number of the antrophic activity with

impact;impact;• Wet surfaces area (KmWet surfaces area (Km22))

Impact Indicators :Impact Indicators :• Vulnerable species/total species ratio Vulnerable species/total species ratio • Lost species/ total species ratio Lost species/ total species ratio • Number of acclimatized speciesNumber of acclimatized speciesResponse Indicators :Response Indicators :• Environment: Environment: protected species/ total species ratioprotected species/ total species ratio• Environment:Environment: number of protected area/total number of protected area/total

coastal line ratiocoastal line ratio• Policy: Policy: existence of management specific plans;existence of management specific plans;• Policy: Policy: total expenses for protected area total expenses for protected area

managementmanagement• Human resources: Human resources: numericalnumerical evolution of actively evolution of actively

experts involved in biodiversity and habitats fieldexperts involved in biodiversity and habitats field

ISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATSISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS

ISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCESISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCES

State Indicators :State Indicators :• Biomass of aquatic resources stocks under Biomass of aquatic resources stocks under

settlement fishing (tones);settlement fishing (tones);• Growing parameters and conditional factors;Growing parameters and conditional factors;• Reproductive and stocks completion intensity;Reproductive and stocks completion intensity;• Population structurePopulation structure

Pressure Indicators :Pressure Indicators :• Environmental factors (abiotics, biotics);Environmental factors (abiotics, biotics);• Fishing effort;Fishing effort;• Total level of catch and landing per year (tones);Total level of catch and landing per year (tones);• Total admissible catch (TAC - tones);Total admissible catch (TAC - tones);• Mortality by fishing;Mortality by fishing;• Natural mortalityNatural mortality

ISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCESISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCES

Impact Indicators :Impact Indicators :• Percentage of species with outside safety limits stocks;Percentage of species with outside safety limits stocks;• Percentage of complimentary species;Percentage of complimentary species;• Changes in structure by class size (age, length);Changes in structure by class size (age, length);• Changes in catch by effort unity (average CPUE);Changes in catch by effort unity (average CPUE);• Impact degree on habitats and sea mammalsImpact degree on habitats and sea mammals

Response Indicators :Response Indicators :• Number of the settlement stocks: fishing share, the effort Number of the settlement stocks: fishing share, the effort

control, TAC, times and fishing zones, expenses for stock control, TAC, times and fishing zones, expenses for stock monitoring, other instruments;monitoring, other instruments;

• Growth of the species number under safety limitsGrowth of the species number under safety limits• Production by mariculture;Production by mariculture;• Number of threatened and reappeared species;Number of threatened and reappeared species;• Number of new colonized and becomed resources species; Number of new colonized and becomed resources species; • Human resources: Human resources: numericalnumerical evolution of actively experts evolution of actively experts

involved in marine living resources management fieldinvolved in marine living resources management field

ISSUE: COASTAL ZONEISSUE: COASTAL ZONE

State Indicators:State Indicators:• Annual/seasonal rates of coastal change at sea/shore Annual/seasonal rates of coastal change at sea/shore

interface;interface;• Erosion/accretion ratio;Erosion/accretion ratio;• Evolution of environmental determinative factors (sea Evolution of environmental determinative factors (sea

level, currents, winds, waves etc);level, currents, winds, waves etc);• Indicators of specific contamination in functional zones;Indicators of specific contamination in functional zones;• Indicators of eutrophication and contamination in Indicators of eutrophication and contamination in

continental surface and underground waters for coastal continental surface and underground waters for coastal zone;zone;

• Indicators of biodiversity and habitats in coastal Indicators of biodiversity and habitats in coastal terrestrial zone;terrestrial zone;

• Indicators of resources (minerals and living) in coastal Indicators of resources (minerals and living) in coastal terrestrial zone;terrestrial zone;

• Landscape specific indicators in coastal zone;Landscape specific indicators in coastal zone;• Social and economic indicatorsSocial and economic indicators

ISSUE: COASTAL ZONEISSUE: COASTAL ZONEPressure Indicators:Pressure Indicators:• Oil maritime traffic as income of oil tanks in ports

and annual quantity of discharged oil products (tones);

• Number of accidental pollutions;Number of accidental pollutions;• Number of foreigner tourist/ 100 inhabitants in

coastal zone;;• Total quantity of used waters discharged in coastal Total quantity of used waters discharged in coastal

zone (mzone (m33););• Production of solid municipal/industrial waste (tones)Production of solid municipal/industrial waste (tones)

Impact Indicators:Impact Indicators:• Coastal erosion as percentage of coastal line

affected of erosion;

• Build up coastal line/ natural coastal line;

• Bathing water quality as percentage of exceeding reference level

• Flood riskFlood risk

ISSUE: COASTAL ZONEISSUE: COASTAL ZONE

Response Indicators:Response Indicators:• Policy: Policy: protected areas surface and their statute;protected areas surface and their statute;• Policy: Policy: existing a national environmental plan/ existing a national environmental plan/

sustainable development strategy;sustainable development strategy;• Policy: Policy: existing the assessment programmes of existing the assessment programmes of

pollutants discharge; pollutants discharge; • Policy: Policy: equipage level of ports with treatment plants;equipage level of ports with treatment plants;• Policy: Policy: public expenses for touristical sites public expenses for touristical sites

protection;protection;• Human resources: Human resources: numerical evolution of actively numerical evolution of actively

experts involved in integrated coastal zone experts involved in integrated coastal zone management fieldmanagement field