Designing,Implementing and Evaluating Programmes for Young Children
Transcript of Designing,Implementing and Evaluating Programmes for Young Children
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TYPES OF CURRICULUM
March 21,2013
2pm-4pm
DESIGNING,IMPLEMENTING ANDEVALUATING PROGRAMMES FOR
YOUNG CHILDREN
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TYPES OF CURRICULUM
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WHAT IS THE FORMAL (WRITTEN
OR OVERT)CURRICULUM?
The formal curriculum is the planned programmeof objectives, content, learning experiences,
resources and assessment offered by a school. It
is sometimes called the 'official curriculum'.
This type of curriculum is what appears in
documents and teachers' plans.
The formal curriculum is the blueprint for lessonstaught in schools, explicitly stating “what students
are to learn, and sometimes how they are to learn
it.”
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WHAT IS THE OPERATIONAL CURRICULUM?
The formal curriculum (written or overt) comprisesthose things in textbooks, and content and
concepts in curriculum guides. However, those
"formal" elements are frequently not taught. The
curriculum-in-use is the actual curriculum that isdelivered and presented by each teacher.
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What are some social skills that
children seem to learn without beingtaught?
THE HIDDEN CURRICULUM
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WHAT IS THE HIDDEN
CURRICULUM?
The "HIDDEN CURRICULUM" is a term to used
to describe the unwritten social rules and
expectations of behaviour that we all seem to
know, but were never taught (Bieber, 1994).
Hidden curriculum is a concept that describes the
often unarticulated and unacknowledged thingsthat students are taught in school.
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WHAT IS THE HIDDEN
CURRICULUM?
The hidden curriculum involves all the incidentallessons that students learn at school. It is
sometimes called the 'unofficial curriculum' - and
includes the lessons about behaviour, personal
relationships, the use of power and authority,competition, sources of motivation and so on that
students learn at school.
These lessons can be either positive or negative
in terms of promoting a sustainable future.
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WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A HIDDEN
CURRICULUM?
A hidden curriculum exists in every environment,whether it is the classroom, the town pool,grandma’s house, a place of worship, or a
sibling’s music recital. It contains many differentelements such as the expected behaviours,actions and skills unique to a specificenvironment, degree of responsibility, and evenconventional mode of dress.
To further complicate matters, the hiddencurriculum changes according to location,situation, people, age, and culture.
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IMPORTANCE OF THE HIDDEN
CURRICULUM
Many of education's most profound and positiveteachings can be conveyed in the hidden
curriculum. If a spirit of fairness penetrates every
corner of a school, children will learn to be fair.
Through the service of teachers, administrators,and older students, students learn to be of
service to others.
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IMPORTANCE OF THE HIDDEN
CURRICULUM
By creating an atmosphere of high standards, thehidden curriculum can teach habits of accuracy
and precision. Many aspects of school life,
ranging from homework assignments to sporting
events, can teach self-control and self-discipline.
While unseen, the hidden curriculum must be
considered with the same seriousness as the
written, formal curriculum. The everyday behavior
of the faculty, staff, and other students cannot fail
to have an impact on a student.
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IMPORTANCE OF THE HIDDEN
CURRICULUM
Factors involved in the value of teaching hiddencurriculum include:
Social acceptability
Vulnerability
Safety
Anxiety
Self-image
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EXAMPLES OF THE HIDDEN CURRICULUM
1. When a teacher has her or his desk at thefront of the classroom and "teaches" from this
area, the message that is being learned by
students is that the teacher is in control, including
being the knowledge authority, and is the center of attention. The teacher is also of central
importance.
2. Eating chewing gum in class is unacceptable.
3. Stand when a visitor enters the classroom.
4. Remain quiet while the teacher is teaching.
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EXAMPLES OF THE HIDDEN
CURRICULUM
School subjects corresponds to division of labour fragmentation of knowledge and tasks
Education levels correspond to occupational levels
competing for qualifications and promotion
School obedience corresponds workplace authority Doing what the teacher says and what the boss says
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HIDDEN CURRICULUM
Schools have many unwritten rules that need to betaken into account for success of all
How to dress
the right backpack
Greetings cool hang outs
Free-time activities
Must have technology
Many students are motivated figure out theunwritten rules and do so by observing theperceived popular kids, advertisements, andadapt to their personal style.
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CURRICULUM BY BODY
LANGUAGE
Body Part Action Interpretation
Head Leaning to one
side
not understanding, listening, thinking
FaceWhole face scowl Displeased, intimidated, bullying,
anger
Eyes Wide open
Almost closed
Surprise, amazement
Disbelief; doubt
Eyebrows Knit brows Thinking, confused
Mouth Corners lifted up
Corners down
Opened wide
Greeting, happy
Sad, unhappy, disappointed
Surprise, shock
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Body Part Action Interpretation
Chin Lifted, pushed forward Proud, tough, defiant
Body
Pointing a finger Giving directions, threat,
getting in trouble
Hands on hips Frustrated, bored,
questioning/ expecting an
answer
Shrugging shoulders Questioning, don’t know
Arms folded across
chest
Unapproachable,
Listening/ taking in info
READING THE HIDDEN CURRICULUM BY BODY LANGUAGE
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WHAT IS THE NULL
CURRICULUM?
That which we do not teach, thus giving studentsthe message that these elements are not
important in their educational experiences or in
our society.
First coined by Elliot Eisner, the null curriculum is
the information which educators intentionally or
unintentionally leave out of the prescribed
curriculum. All educators have to leave out
something. Most of us know far more than we
can share in the limited time we have with our
students.
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EXAMPLES OF NULL
CURRICULUM
The null curriculum varies from school to schooldepending on what each school offers. Examples
of null curriculum could be the following:
Religion
Foreign languages (or some foreign languages)
Culture
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WHAT IS THE EXTRA
CURRICULUM?
Curriculum not formally taught
It takes place in addition to the students regular
work or school duties
School expect participation in extracurricular
activities to serve the following ends:
Participation in extracurricular activities allowsstudents to develop and display skills that are not
accommodated by class work.
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WHAT IS THE EXTRA
CURRICULUM?
Extracurricular activities provides means throughwhich students may pursue excellence and
achieve distinction.
Extracurricular activities helps to develop a sense
of community and service within the school
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