Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-1 Designing Roads for Multimodal Safety &...
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Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-1 Designing Roads for Multimodal Safety & Access
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Transcript of Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-1 Designing Roads for Multimodal Safety &...
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-1
Designing Roads for Multimodal Safety & Access
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-2
Context - Stakeholders All users of the transportation system Caltrans District Bike & Ped Coordinators Caltrans Advisory Groups Advocacy Groups Emergency Providers Legislature (AB 1358 – Complete Streets)
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-3
Overview of pedestrian safety problem
Nationwide:
In 2005, 4,881 pedestrians were killed in traffic crashes, representing 11% of all fatalities (increase of 4.4% over 2004)
Approximately 64,000 pedestrians were injured
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-4
Overview of pedestrian safety problem
California:
17% of all crash fatalities are pedestrians.
14% of all crash injuries are pedestrians.
Caltrans’ Strategic Highway Safety Plan
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-5
Overview of pedestrian safety problem
Most pedestrian crashes occur when the pedestrian crosses a road
Most fatalities and serious injuries occur on roads designed with little attention for pedestrian safety.
Pedestrians are rarely killed in walkable environments.
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-6
Presentation Outcomes
Describe that people belong in all geometric design, operations and safety considerations, no matter their mode of travel
Describe resources for information on scoping and designing for all modes
Describe some measures to increase safe interaction between all road users
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-7
Why is it important to accommodate pedestrians?
Minneapolis MN
To reach Caltrans’ Mobility Goal
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-8
Why is it important to accommodate pedestrians?
Because many cannot driveBecause many cannot drive
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-9
Why is it important to accommodate pedestrians?
Because other modes depend on walkingBecause other modes depend on walkingMadison WI
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-10
Why is it important to accommodate pedestrians?
Because it’s good for businessBecause it’s good for businessStillwater MN
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-11
Why is it important to accommodate pedestrians?
Because it will make roads safer for all road usersBecause it will make roads safer for all road usersPortland ME
… Because “Pedestrians Belong”…
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-12
AASHTO: “Because of the demands of vehicular traffic in congested areas, it is often extremely difficult to make adequate provisions for pedestrians. Yet this must be done, because pedestrians are the lifeblood of our urban areas…” (1994 ed, p 97)
Why is it important to accommodate pedestrians?
Sisters OR
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-13
Design information & guidance can be found in established, respected documents:
AASHTO: www.transportation.orgInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE): www.ite.org
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-14
Design information & guidance can be found in established, respected documents:
Highway Design Manual
HDM PDPM
Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices
+ Cal Supplement
MUTCD
Project DevelopmentProcedures Manual
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-15
Design information & guidance can be found in established, respected documents:
FHWAwww.walkinginfo.org
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-16
AASHTO Strategic AASHTO Strategic Safety Plan GuidebooksSafety Plan Guidebooks
Website for NCHRP Report 500:
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_500v10.pdfhttp://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_500v10.pdf
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-17
TEA-21 (1999): “The non-motorized modes are an integral part
of the mission of FHWA and a critical element of the local, regional, and national transportation system.”
“… mainstreaming of bicycle and pedestrian projects into the planning, design, and operation of our Nation’s transportation system.”
US Congressional Legislation/US DOT Policy
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-18
Americans with Disabilities Act: “No qualified individual with a disability shall, by
reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities or a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.”
US Congressional Legislation
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-19
US DOT Policy (1999 and 2000) FHWA Program Guidance on Bicycle and Pedestrian
Provisions of Federal-Aid Program: “… bicycle and pedestrian improvements can be
routinely included in federally funded transportation projects and program.”
“… bicycling and walking facilities will be incorporated into all transportation projects unless ‘exceptional circumstances’ exist.”
“… FHWA will encourage the development and implementation of bicycle and pedestrian plans as part of the overall transportation planning process.”
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-20
“…it is the intent of the Legislature that all levels of government in the state, particularly the Department of Transportation, work to provide convenient and safe passage for pedestrians on and across all streets and highways…”
California Vehicle Code Section 21949
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-21
“It is the policy of the State of California that safe and convenient pedestrian travel and access, whether by foot, wheelchair, walker, or stroller, be provided to the residents of the state.”
California Vehicle Code Section 21949
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-22
“Every person riding a bicycle upon a highway has all the rights and is subject to all the provisions applicable to the driver of a vehicle…except those provisions which by their very nature can have no application”
All roads where bicycling is not prohibited should be designed for their use
California Vehicle Code Section 21200
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-23
“ The Department shall not construct…a freeway that will result in the severance or destruction of an existing major route for non-motorized transportation traffic unless it provides a reasonable, safe, and convenient alternate route or such a route exists.”
Streets & Highways Code Section 888, PDPM Chapter 31, Section 2
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-24
Rule on. . . …WORK ZONE ……Safety and Mobility23 CFR 630 Subpart J
Developing and Implementing Transportation Management Plans for Work Zones
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-25
“ The Department views all transportation improvements as opportunities to improve safety, access, and mobility for all travelers in California and recognizes bicycle, pedestrian, and transit modes as integral elements of the transportation system.”
Deputy Directive (DD)-64Complete Streets – Integrating the
Transportation System
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-26
Planning and street design elements that affect bicyclist & pedestrian safety:
Land use Connectivity Access management Site design Level of Service (LOS)
standards
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-27
Post WW2 development patterns favor:
Segregated Land Uses
Long travel distances
Commercial activities concentrated in auto-dominated corridors.
Not very nice for walking or biking!
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-28
GenericaGenerica
Missoula MT
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-29
Cul-de-sac patterns increase walking distancesCul-de-sac patterns increase walking distances & increase reliance on arterials& increase reliance on arterials
Phoenix AZ
You live here, your You live here, your child wants to visit a child wants to visit a friend who lives not friend who lives not
far away; how do you far away; how do you get there?get there?
Connectivity
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-30
High Connectivity Travel Lanes Required
Moderate Connectivity
Low Connectivity
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-31
Access Management
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-32
Access Management:Access Management:Every driveway is a potential conflictEvery driveway is a potential conflict
Atlanta GA
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-33
Walk in front or in back? Pull forward or back up?Walk in front or in back? Pull forward or back up?
Drivers and pedestrians must make choices:Drivers and pedestrians must make choices:
Portland OR
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-34
Site DesignSite Design
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-35
PrinciplesPrinciples::
Access for each mode should be:Access for each mode should be:• DirectDirect• SafeSafe• Convenient Convenient
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-36
Level of Service (LOS) standards:
Their impact on street design
and pedestrian safety
Rethinking the role of urban streets
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-37
A “A “complete streetcomplete street” accommodates many uses;” accommodates many uses;Pedestrians are at low risk in this environmentPedestrians are at low risk in this environment
Portland OR
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-38
How have we built our highway system?How have we built our highway system?
To To facilitatefacilitate travel over longer distances travel over longer distances
Las Vegas NV
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-39
The various purposes for roads: To move from A To move from A
to Bto B For mobilitymobility To access our To access our
homes, homes, businesses, businesses, schools & other schools & other community community centerscenters
To walk or bike: To walk or bike: access & mobilityaccess & mobility
Washington DC
Sidewalks provide both Sidewalks provide both access and mobilityaccess and mobility
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-40
A multi-modal street can meet these A multi-modal street can meet these needs, with some tradeoffsneeds, with some tradeoffs
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-41
Auto-oriented street: high riskAuto-oriented street: high riskAlbuquerque NM
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-42
Pedestrians and drivers must use the streets together
What is the core safety issue?What is the core safety issue?
Discussion: what does the driver see that says Discussion: what does the driver see that says “slow down, watch for pedestrians”?“slow down, watch for pedestrians”?
On-street parkingOn-street parking Narrow cross-sectionNarrow cross-section Buildings close to streetBuildings close to street SidewalksSidewalks CrosswalkCrosswalk People!People!
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-43
Why are pedestrians are at high risk on this Why are pedestrians are at high risk on this street?street?
Las Vegas NV
Multi-lane roadway, high speedsMulti-lane roadway, high speeds
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-44
Reinventing the roadway:Transform a 5-lane commercial strip to …
Portland OR
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-45
…a safer road for everyoneDiscussion: 1. What changed?Discussion: 1. What changed?Discussion: 2. What didn’t change?Discussion: 2. What didn’t change?
Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety - Introduction 1-46
Next: Crash Reduction Factors
