designing dredge studio: toledopennsylvania state universitydepartment of landscape architecturefall 2012instructor: sean burkholder

Department of Landscape ArchitectureCollege of Arts and Architecture

image: toledo port authority

special thanks to:

Joe Cappel and the Toledo Port Authority Kristin Gardner and Hull and Associates Sandy Bihn and the Lake Erie Water Keeper / Toledo Lighthouse Society Robin Whitney and the City of Toledo

document prepared by:

Sean Burkholder Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture slb59@psu.edu

in collaboration with: students enrolled in PSU LARCH 414 Studio Fall 2012

image: noaa

The United States Army Corps of Engineers and its associated contractors annually dredge over 4 million cubic yards of material from Great Lakes navigation channels. Half of this material is placed within confined disposal areas (CDF) while the other half is open-water disposed or re-used for other purposes such as habitat creation or as a supplemental construction material. This process thus converts over half of the material dredged from the Great Lakes back into new land in some form; unfortunately at first glance this newly configured land is much less productive and valuable than its non-eroded past life. These undervalued sediment-scapes are however some of the most dramatic and biologically diverse landscapes in the city and are laden with potential if correctly considered.

Of that 4 million cubic yards of dredged material, about 1/4 of it is pulled from the harbor in the city of Toledo, Ohio. The USACE map on the facing page shows the 20-mile federally-managed shipping channel cut into three pieces to fit on the page. The USACE map below indicate the critical condition present in Toledo, in terms of quantity and placement options. With a depth rarely exceeding 10 feet, the western basin of Lake Erie require constant management in order to provide adequate shipping draft depths. The complexity in moving this large volume of material is compounded by the speculated (but highly likely) environmental issues associated with its open placement within the lake. While many other states within the Great Lakes Basin do not permit open water disposal, The state of Ohio and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have established several agreements that permit this placement while satisfying the general concerns of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. It is assumed that while this arrangement is not ecological optimal, it is the only feasible method of addressing the large volume of material within the navigation channel. While open water disposal may always be a reality for the city, alternatives are constantly being sought to minimize it.

The studio itself was broken into two projects. The first of which (Project 1) studied the site scale interventions that would be made possible with a large influx of dredge material. The redevelopment of parks and residential neighborhoods with new dredge-infused topography was the primary outcome of many projects. While this scale of projects served a significant social function, even the largest of projects could only manage a year or two of dredge material before reaching capacity. The second project of the studio, was aimed at dealing with much larger volumes of material by considering the entire Maumee Bay.

21

Current Conditions

Dredged Material Management

The GLNS is facing many dredged material management challenges. Figure 10 below illustrates the current status of dredged material management at each commercial harbor on the Great Lakes. Harbors designated as red have dredged material management issues that could limit the ability of USACE to maintain federal navigation channels and therefore restrict channel availability within five years. Yellow harbors would be affected within 10 years, and green harbors are expected to have no pressing issues within the next ten years. Additional details on harbors with a critical dredged material management status are included in the CDF Fact Sheets Appendix D.

DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT STATUS

Figure 10: The dredged material management status for all GLNS commercial harbors has been identified by the GLNS Team. Harbor status was determined by factors including, but not limited to, remaining CDF capacity, annual dredging requirements and material disposal options; Cleveland and Toledo are cross-hatched to indicate the criticality of DMM issues in those harbors.

image: u.s. army corps of engineers

While issues of dredge management were a primary topic of focus, there were many interrelated issues. The most important of these issues is the environmental health of Lake Erie. As the most ecologically productive of the Great Lakes, it is also the most shallow. This condition makes it very susceptible to ecological stresses such as pollution and invasive species. Another factor in the Maumee Bay is the historic Toledo Harbor Lighthouse. This structure was built in 1904 and exists as a valuable piece of cultural infrastructure. Its location also marks the north extent of what is considered the Maumee Bay. Many of the projects looked to take on both ecological issues and incorporate the Harbor Lighthouse.

The conditions in Toledo are not fantasy. The same reality is true for the proposed projects. The situation is growing desperate and with it, the list of possible considerations becomes more fantastical. New island CDFs, submerged and emerged habitat restoration ares (HRU), upland farmland placement, existing habitat nourishment, abandoned mine disposal via rail and material recycling have all been considered with complete seriousness. While the management of this material appears to be placing an incredible burden on the region, an opportunity could be discovered in this process to completely reconsider the relationship between dredge and the city. In no place is this more possible than in the city of Toledo.

image: u.s. army corps of engineers

project 1

image: sean burkholder

image: sean burkholder

Gabriella Salvemini [independence park]Project StatementAs dredging continues in the city of Toledo, there is a need for beneficial use of the abundant silts and clays taken out of the Maumee river and bay. Toledo is abundant in green space, and lacking verticality in the landscape. The purpose of this design is to introduce monumental landform that can be both a public amenity and a beneficial use of dredge material. Utilizing the idea of a canyon as inaccessible landform, three monumental mounds ranging in size from 40-60 feet in height rise above the river, containing about two years worth of dredge material. Inac-cessible habitat creation in the form of retaining wall mounds form visual landscapes; the public experience the site through recreation trails and spaces that access the verticality of the tallest mound. The space is a place for containment of dredge, new habitat, and new forms of recreation for the city. It is the hope that this design can show how dredge material can inhabit a visible area of the city and enhance a public experience that sheds posi-tive light on dredge in the Maumee.

3 g

rave

l set

ting

bed

10 wide pathway

dredge layer 1

layer 2

layer 3

12 gabion

4 segmented w

all5

12 gabion

6 segmented w

all7

1.5

2.5

120

steel sheet piling to retain dredge

gabion walls filled with reclaimed material

NTS

4 Canyon section

Natural Inspiration

Public mound(s) 1Accessibility: partialPurpose: recreation, views to skylineMaterials: gabion retaining walls, dredgeAmount of dredge contained: 158,336.5 y3

Elevated walkwayAccessibility: fullPurpose: recreation, views to skylineMaterials: concrete, steel I-beam support

Recreation pathAccessibility: fullPurpose: walking/runningMaterials: gravel base

Site features

Aesthetic mound 2Accessibility: nonePurpose: visual interest, dredge retainmentMaterials: sheet pile retaining walls, dredgeAmount of dredge contained: 156,832.3 y3

Functional mound 3Accessibility: nonePurpose: dredge containmentMaterials: sheet pile retaining walls, dredgeAmount of dredge contained: 381,724.3 y3

Total Contained Dredge Material:696,893.1 y3

Toledo, OHInternational Park

Dewatered Dredge volume/year:360,000 y3

1

5

3

24

250125

ScaleN

62.50

Mound creation

Phasing

Site section 0 20 40 801

abstracted water c

ourse

7 layers maxim

um

8 Fir

st ph

ase

7 6 5 5 5 4 La

st ph

ase

Overall dimensionsAcres: 42Void spaces create

mounds

For mounds 2 and 3, utilizing sheet pile retaining walls

Height of mounds

Comparison

40 for combined sewer pipe

40 public60 public40 functional40 functional40 functional36 functional

40 m

ound

3

60 m

ound

1

40 m

ound

2

360

288

305

3,75

0 o

r 0.7

mile

s

One

Sea

Gate

Bui

ldin

g: 4

11

5 Public mound includes a 20 high sledding hill at 20-30% slope with 10 wide level space at top for further recreation

Birds eye view

3

10 wide path highlights views to Toledo skyline, sheet pile retaining walls reflect history of the city

River path

212 wide walkway allows access to the 45 elevation on the public mound, providing sweeping views of downtown Toledo and the Maumee River

Elevated walkway

International Park Toledo, OH

Eight billion gallons of sewage is dumped into the Maumee River and Lake Erie annually. Akron and Toledo contribute about almost 90% of that sewage pollution and Toledo itself accounts for 44%. The issue of sewage pollution and open-lake dredging are two of the main reasons for the declining of overall health of Lake Erie.

Combined sewer systems are not an issue but in Toledos case, the problem lies in part with the combined sewer system overflow. The combined sewer transport both stormwater and sewage to eventually be treated in a treatment plant. When flows become too extreme for the system to handle, the overflow system is initiated pumping both stormwater and sewage into the Maumee River and Lake Erie.

To help alleviate this issue, I propose tapping into existing stormwater systems and diverting it to be day-lighted at International Park. This would produce a stormwater watershed, which would institute delineation of the surrounding context where water would be harnessed and then transported to the site. Ideally, this system would be able to incorporate dredge material by creating containers (CDFs) for dredge material and using dredge material to contain. A folded landscape along with underground cisterns would allow for flows of stormwater to slow, filter through percolation, enter holding cisterns, and re-enter the system decreasing the frequency of combined sewer overflow polluting.

Entirely new combined sewer systems may contain increased amounts of stormwater but still have the possibility to pollute through overflows. Rather than raise the citys storwmater budget on costly infrastructure improvements, Toledo can utilize the existing needed process of dredging to create landscapes that filter, slow, and decrease quantities of stormwater that enter the existing system. This can transform dredge material into a highly useful resource to not only the city of Toledo, but also to Lake Erie.

Matthew Chiampi [independence park]

site masterplan0 400

full containment cdf

pedestrian access

pedestrian walkway

interaction cdf

restored wetland

open recreation cdf

meadow landscape

interaction cdf

bio-filtration landscape

dredged channel

5,531,546.24 cu. ft.

1,423,650.98 cu. ft.

2,548,322.29 cu. ft.

3,971,973.27 cu. ft.

35,417,159.31 cu. ft.

= 48,892,652.09 cu. ft. of dredge

0 50

site details

cdf containers calculations

cdf typologies

1 interaction 2 open recreation space 3 full containment

dredge typologies

1 bio-filtration1 landscape fold = 36,541,537 cub. ft.

3 restored wetland

2 meadow

4 light recreation

CDF PERSPECTIVE

site axonometric

site process

1 containers 2 dump dredge

+

3 cap + finish

dredge material

containers

restored wetland

pedestrian circulation

folded landscape

cs pipe + cisterns

Thomas Kyd [independence park]Project StatementThe 28 million dollar proposed pipeline is scheduled to be implemented in 2015. This pipeline holds a storage vol-ume of 4.9 million gallons (24,000 cubic yards). This volume of sub terrain soil mixed with dredge material will be used to create the landscape found thought the site. These large mounds contain a total volume of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge material and will create a unique landscape that defines the constructed environment around it. The dredge mounds feature native species with pedestrian and bicyclist paths. The terrain and elevation of these paths change in a variety of patterns as a visitor moves throughout the site. The undulating mounds will also give Toledo residents a space that cannot be found anywhere around the city. This dredge material will be taken from Confined Disposal Facilities (CDFs), and trucked to the site. The proposed added commercial areas will attract additional visitors and allow for a diverse experience.

White AshFraxinus americana

Red mapleAcer rubra

ServiceberryAmelanchier aborea

White OakQuercas alba

Larch 414International Park

11/2/2012Thomas KydCommecial Mound & Commercial River Front

River BirchBetula nigra

Common RushJuncus eusus

BasswoodTilia americana

Boardwalk

Building Mound

Water Cove

Balcony Overhang

Commercial Water Front

The landscape throughout the site denes where constructed elements are found. This specic commercial building is built into a dredge mound creating a unique visual experience for visitors. The dredge mound also provides a path for visitors to follow that leads to the roof of the building which enhances the experience further-more.

The mound contains ground ora and canopy trees but it is kempt to allow pedestrians to comfortable and safely walk on the mound.

This commercial water front will attract additional visitors to the site. A unique architectural style that has similarities to existing commercial buildings will attract people to the site for not only the landscape, providing a variety of recreational activities. The added commercial building will creating a higher volume of pedestrian trac, a more vibrant and lively atmosphere, and a diverse experience.

Commercial Mound3

Commercial River Front4

American BeechFagus grandifolia

Spice BushLindera benzoin

Red mapleAcer rubra

Mountain LaurelKalmia latifolia

Redbud Cercis canadensis

Maple-leaved viburnumViburnum acerifolium

ServiceberryAmelanchier aborea

ServiceberryAmelanchier aborea

White OakQuercas alba

Sweet BirchBetula lenta

Larch 414International Park

11/2/2012Thomas KydBoardwalk & Spiral Mound

River BirchBetula nigra

Common RushJuncus eusus

Black WillowSalix nigra

Eastern Woodland SedgeCarex blanda

BoardwalkRiparian Zone

Walking Trail

Road

Spiral Mound

May-apple (Podophyllum peltatum)Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum biorum)Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)Bishop's-cap (Mitella diphylla) Canada mayower (Maianthemum canadense)Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens) Spring-beauty (Claytonia virginica)Cut-leaved toothwort (Cardanine concatenate)Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)White wood aster (Aster divaricatus)Wild ginger (Asarum Canadensis)

Ground FloraRiparian buers will contain native species of plantings that help reduce pollutants and plantings closer to the water can thrive in saturated soils. These riparian zones will provide a variety and a break from the straight path of the boardwalk.

Boardwalk with Mound1

Trails found throughout the site will vary depending on slope and location. The example shown here is a walking path that moves through a raised mound. The boardwalk will serve for a passive recreation for educa-tion, relaxation, recreation, and site seeing.

The spiral mound will contain ground ora for slope stabilization and to keep visitors on the designated paths. Ground ora is also found throughout all forest-ed areas.

Spiral Mound2

Larch 414International Park

11/2/2012Thomas KydBoardwalk

Larch 414International Park

11/2/2012Thomas KydView of Downtown

Riparian buer comprising of native species. These riparian areas will allow for a variety of plant species, reduction in pollution, and a diverse visual experience.

Entrance path that leads to the main boardwalk.

Start of the main boardwalk that runs along the riverfront.

An added architectural building design that features a restaurant in order to help attract more visitors and give an exclusive riverfront experience.

The 28 million dollar proposed pipeline is scheduled to be imple-mented in 2015. This pipe holds a storage volume of 4.9 million gallons (24,000 cubic yards), this cut sub terrain of the pipeline volume will be mixed with dredge material in order to create the landscape found thought the site. These large mounds contain a total volume of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge material and will create a rare landscape that denes the constructed environ-ment. The undulating mounds will also give Toledo residents a space that cannot be found anywhere around the city. This dredge material will be taken from Conned Disposal Facilities (CDFs), and trucked to the site. The added commercial areas will attract additional visitors and allow for a diverse experience.

Existing commercial buildings will remain.

Volleyball court area will be moved and downsized in order to make room for landscape features and additional commercial space. The surrounding three mounds hold a combined volume of 3500 cubic yards.

Docking area will expand in order to give additional space for visitors to come by boat.

The site is dened by the landscape forms and thus constructed element revolve around the position of these forms.

Riparian buers will be included along the boardwalk to create a diverse number of species, allow for proper stormwater inltration and give a change in the boardwalk experience.

This last commercial building is built into the landscape creating an inspirational ideology of designing within the dominant landscape. This landscape mound has a volume of approximately 2000 cubic yards.

Connection between the main boardwalk and walking paths that move throughout the site. The remaining dredge mounds found above and below the connection consist of a combined 5000 cubic yards.

Entrance path that leads to both the bike and pedestrian paths. This path moves along a 10ft high mound with a volume of 850 cubic yards.

Existing entrance road to site.

Renovated parks and recreation building. Surrounded by a 1300 cubic yard mound.

The existing parking lot will be utilized but 1/3 of the original parking area will be taken away.

These landforms not only hold 2500 cubic yards of dredge material but are also used to create a varied topography to create an interesting change that is found no where else in Toledo.

The mounds also contain native species commonly found within a northern majestic forest.

Existing trail head will be preserved and repaired if the pipeline has damaged it.

Forested areas will contain natural openings, allowing for a diverse set of species and a variety of experiences. This mound has a volume of 1800 cubic yards.

Existing road will change due to the landforms of the dredge material allowing for a unied hierarchy which is dened by the landscape.

As a continued threshold from the more structured commercial area decreases, the amount of dredge mounds and forested area will increase. This mound holds 4600 cubic yards.

Purposed E-3 Storage pipeline to be implemented in 2015.

Another spiral path mound that holds 9500 cubic yards of dredge. These types of mounds contain ground ora and fauna for a more open experience, slope stabilization, and to deter visitors from diverging o the path.

The largest dredge mound accompa-nied by a spiraling path that leads a visitor almost 30 ft above the existing grade. This elevated visual view will give the visitor a unique experience. The dredge mound has a volume of approximately 25,000 cubic yards.

Landscape is built around proposed buildings to create a transition of hierarchy.

The total volume of all of the mounds found throughout the site comprises of 57,050 cubic yards of dredge material.

Larch 414International Park

11/2/2012Thomas KydMaster Plan

Design Intent

Commercial Mound3

Boardwalk with Mound1

Commercial Water Front4

Spiral Mound2

N

Urban Ecological Zones

Zone 1: Vertical Hard SurfacesZone Conditions: Exposure to wind and thermal stress Minimal substrate accumulation Portland cement creates more alkalinity Microclimate fluctuates Sediment/Moisture is found at the wall base South-facing walls experience harsher elements

As wall degrades within and between materials, more fractures are formed, allowing to trap mineral and organic sediment, and germination of seeds.

Zone Species: Bacteria/Fungi represent pioneer colonizers Lichen/Bryophytes/Algae American bitterweed (Celastrus scandens) Woodbine (Clematis virginiana) Virginia creeper (parthenocissus quinquefolia) American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens)

Zone 2: Primary SuccessionZone Conditions: High availability of resources Quantity of leaves per unit of ground area is low Water runoff is high Biomass and detritus rapidly accumulate

Pioneer species characterized by prolific seeders, fast growing, short lived, shade intolerant.

Zone Species: Andropogon gerardil (blue stem turkey grass) Chasm anthium latifolium (indianwood oat) Muhlenbergia capillaris (pink muhly) Solidago canadensis(golden rod)

Zone 3: PavementZone Conditions: Vegetation depends on the rooting substrate Wider cracks simulate roadside habitats High nutrient levels from run-off Trampling compacts any substrate available Trampling disturbs and relocates substrate

Zone Species: Trampling tolerant species Bryophytes adapt to high nutrient conditions Bryum argenteum (Bryum moss) Poa annua (blue grass) Sagina procumbens (birdeye pearlwort)

Zone 4: Secondary SuccessionZone Conditions: Old Field succession Has supported vegetation in the past Subtrate has remained in tact after Disturbances such as fire Highly competitive for resources

Zone Species: Vaccinium corymbosam (high-bush blueberry) Betula nigra (black birch) Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) Pinus strobus (white pine)Zone 5: Establishing Forest

Zone Conditions: Dense, stratified canopy Shaded understory with less competition

Zone Species: Quercus rubra (red oak) Acer saccharum (sugar maple) Acer rubrum (red maple) Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar)

YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR R YEAR YEAR RYEAR YEAR YEAR YEAAR

Initial Site Disturbance:Demolition/Dredge Fill

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2

Zone 4

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2

Zone 4

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2

Zone 4

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2

Zone 4

Zone 1

Zone 2

Fracturing:Speeding the degradation process of hard surfaces by creating cracks and fractures to facilitate seed depo-sition and plant establishment.

URBAN ECOLOGY

Trampling:Occurs when people or larger animals occupy the space and exert pressure on the ground flora. Acts as a mild disturbance and helps to disperse seed for pavement vegetation.

Spot Spray Herbicide:Used in the initial years of regeneration to prevent invasive species from over growing and taking con-trol. Not a broadcast application, rather applied in specific areas where needed.

Rotational Mowing:Used in Zone 3 and performed biannually. Zone 3 is subdivided into 3 plots. Each year a new plot is mown in early spring (before bird nesting) and late summer (after bird nesting). This maintains veg-etation communities in various stages of growth and promotes bio-diversity.Continuous Mowing:Used in Zone 2 for aesthetic purpose and path maintenance. Zone 2 is mowed every few weeks to maintain order where it is needed.

Prescribed Burning:Performed every 5-7 years, using Point Source Fire for its precise method, which is necessary in this confined area. Line backing fire is ignited across the downwind side of the site. A line of spots is then ignited at a specified distance upwind of the backing fire. Encourages woodland plant regrowth which is eaten by deer.

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Gina Montecallo [mentor drive]

NORTH

Mentor DriveMaster plan

Mentor DriveSection

1 5 10Scale

[Phragmites australis]Invasive grasses arriving from the new dredge seed bank

[Andropogon gerardil]Native grasses competing with the invasives in different foundation plots

16548.50 ft3 of dredge material was used to fill the 10ft deep basements

Brick foundation used to organize and subdivide the site

Fractured asphalt for grasses to establish

Site Perspective In Year 5

> Poor infrastructure

Mentor Drive Site .88 acres

> Unoccupied Houses [8] > Vacant Lots [4]

Poor infrastructure coupled with extreme issues of vacancy has encouraged the city of Toledo to consider new strategies for the Mentor Drive site.

Located in close proximity to a number of sizable recreational spaces, the construction of traditional park space within the site does not seem fit.

Mentor Drive

Joe E. Brown Park [2 blocks]

Mount Carmel Cemetary [6 blocks]

Jeep Site [6 blocks]

Mentor Drive as an Urban Adventure Park

Exploit existing structural typologies

Distort landscape with the use of dredge material

New park landscape relevant to both Mentor Dr. and Toledo

+

>>

Issues of past use and living memory within the context of the neighborhood must be considered alongside present and continuing issues of vacancy and the management of dredge material within the broader context of the city of Toledo. The proposed design of an urban adventure park aims to exploit the existing structural typologies present on site while distorting the landscape through the use of dredge material, thus managing concerns at both levels and creating a space relevant to both site and region.

Vacant structure mitigation strategies

1All structure removed

Drege landform + Vegetation

All structure removed

2 Foundation remain

3 Some structure remains

The site manages existing structure in four ways.

4 House form remains

Emma Hahn [mentor drive]

Total dredge material integrated: 78,645 cubic yards

Cutline

[10] Existing foundation /basement

[13] Dredge material landform >> 29,010 cubic yards

[9] Basements filled with dredge material and capped >> about 5,515 cubic yards each

Dredge material landfrom manipulationThe primary strategy, the removal of all existing form, incorporates the use of vegetation and dredge material, the latter of which is used in the infill ofbasements and in the stitching together of the resulting series of exploratory events located across the space.

Net Canopy Foundation amphitheater

Dredge material hill landform

Reinforced concrete house facade

Reinforced frame clubhouse

Context

4

1

2

3

Frame clubhouseThe third strategy focuses on the maintenance of house frame structural typologies, creating a raised concrete skeletal clubhouse, structurally reinforced and depictive of existing forms.

Foundation amphitheather and net canopyIn the next strategy basement and foundation structure remain, transformed into a sunken activity space draped with a playful net canopy.

Facade CantileverSimilarly, the house form strategy takes the form of a cantilevered concrete house faade.

materials

1. glass aggregate- high process temperatures destroy organic contami-nants in dredge. rapid quenching of molten glass in water physically sequesters heavy metals within the glass mixture, resulting in low leach-ing potential. glass aggregate handles and stores similar to conventional quarried aggregate. sandblasting media-up to 30% cutting performance over si l ica sand with uniform angular grains.

2. manufactured topsoil- through the process of composting dredge is mixed with organic matter and wood chips to degrade organic contami-nants. the biosolids l ike sewage, sludge, and manure, provide nutrients and microbes while chips provide moisture.

5. construction aggregate- through the process of solidication, dredge is mixed with cement, y ash, and/or l ime chemicals to create soil aggregate. these are mixed to bind small particles with improved physical and chemical properties for use of aggregate in some type of construction process.

3. construction grade cement- cement lock technology utilizes thermal desorption to produce a concrete cement. all organic compounds are destroyed and metals are removed resulting in a cement mixture. tests done by gas technology institute determined the slurry is a suitable partial replacement for portland cement. the cement exceed-ed the qualifying compressive strength.

6. existing conditions

4. ll with dredge

3. cap with concrete

1. sandblast with glass aggregate

2. ll with soil

5. ll with aggregate

Amanda Laino [mentor drive]Mentor Drive is the perfect site for a demonstration project. My concept incorporates using recycled dredge material through the use of different materials that could be implemented throughout the city of Toledo in various projects. Finding new ways to use recycle dredge will promote the be neficial r e-use of dr edge ma terial. I first researched different treatment methods that allow dredge to be turned into different consturction materials. The materials used throughout this site consist of a glass aggregate produced from dredge material treated through the process of vitrification, manufactured top soil created through composting, construction grade cement prepared by Cement-Lock technology and thermal desorption, and lastly, a construction aggregate produced through solidification process. The existing site contains basement foundation that will be filled with the dredge construction aggregate, which will be used for a filtration system. Next, dredge soil will be placed on top and then capped with concrete. Organic shaped, soil mounds are scattered throughout the site that makes for a playful and e xciting place to be .

utilize existing basement foundations for stormwater management

cap dredged site with concrete ll mounds with construction aggregate and soil

varying shaped and elevated mounds provide for a playful and explorative place

mentor drive Concept: to show the opportunities for benecial re-use of dredge through the use of material

Seneca Industrial SiteFront St, Toledo Harbor

MacKenzie Patrick Landscape Architecture Undergraduate StudentPennsylvania State University

1 of 10

Design Concept

Design SolutionThe Seneca Industrial site was proposed as a potential site for utilizing dredge material that is removed from the Toledo Harbor to create a landform buffer between the residential district and the industrial complex.

In this design, the buffer separates the industrial and residential, while also creating green space for the residents, storm-water management areas, and micro-ecosystem habitats on existing sites. The profile of the dredge landform varies from one end of the site to the other, with varying degrees of access and views between the residential and industrial. The storm-water plan draws water into storm-water retention areas which then drain to the river. This process eliminates the possibility of the industrial deposits flowing into the Maumee River. Lastly, the micro-ecosystems built on the north part of the site can be implemented within the existing industrial elements and provide habitat for insects and birds.

In designing industrial sites around storm-water management and opportunity for micro-ecosystems, the future of Toledo Port Authority property could adopt more sustainable strategies. In turn, this would improve the ecosystems of the Maumee River and attract visitors for the flora and fauna which are unique to the region. Toledo, already a leader in shipping, is the ideal port for leadership in sustainability.

1. Improving industrial to residential relationships by exposing the wonders of industry

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2. Utilizing leftover spaces for stormwater retention and habitat creation

3. Seperating noise pollution between industrial and residential

*Note: The current stormwater managment plan was not available for reference during the time this plan was made.

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Drainage PatternsStormater InfiltrationOutlet DrainsProtected Shoreline

Stormwater Plan6 of 10

RailroadIndustial UsePedestrian Use

*Note: This plan is a combination of existing and proposed roads on site. Road layout is flexible.

Circulation Plan

3 of 10

Location within Toledo

Seneca Industrial Site (Design Site)

Entrance to Maumee River & Toledo Harbor

Toledo City Center

*n.t.s.

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Existing Site Conditions

MacKenzie Patrick [seneca easement]

Perforated Pipe Drain

Security Fence to Protect Industrial Sites

Dredge Mound Planted w/ Erosion Control Mat and Grass

Safety Fence to protect pedestrians on Overpass

Raised Pedestrian Pathway overlooking site

Dredge Mound(30-50 feet wide, walkable slope) Stormwater Treatment Swale*unaccessable to public Overpass over Norfolk Southern RR*accessable to public only past the overpass

Front Street - Existing Road

Section 2 - Mound Type 2

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Section 1 - Mound Type 1

Front Street - Existing RoadStormwater Treatment Swale Dredge Mound (20-30 feet wide, steep slope)*unaccessable to public

A Pedestrian pathway along Front St enhances public use of this space. A planter/trees seperate the pathway from the busy road.

Shrubs planted on top of Erosion Control Mat for stabilization, to improve aesthetics and to prevent pedestrian access.

Security Fence to protect Industrial Sites

2-Layer (primary and secondary) Geogrid Stabilization every 12

Prepared Compacted Subgrade

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Pedestrian Overlook

Proposed ecosystem habitats

Existing Railroad

Potential buildings for future development of sites to be leased

Potential buildings for future development of sites to be leased

Linear Landform constructed of dredge material

Adjacent Residential District

Design Concept in Context

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Scale 1 = 150

N^

0 75 225 375

Property 1 - Railroad Use

Property 2 - Posted for Lease

3. Stormwater Rentention Area4. Overlook Space

2. Dredge Mound Type 21. Dredge Mound Type 1

1.

4.

1.

2.

3.

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2.Section 2

Section 1

Most flexibility on use

Some flexibility on use

Little flexibility on useProperty 3 - Heidtman Steel

Key

Seneca Industrial Site Master Plan

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SiteElevation

Site is 50 acres which had been dug up to a depth of 10 feet.

Recent construction of major road leading directly through the site and to new industrial buildings.

250,000 cubic yards of sediment have been dredged out of the Ottawa River and moved to a municipal landfill.

Site is located in a Community Reinvestment Area (CRA), eliminating most general real estate taxes that result from land improvement.

SITE GOALS

SITE DATA

1. Test and understand strategies of dredge use.

2. Create a gradient of public access, steering away from the traditional intentionally public space.

3. Promote environmental remediation of the river and create new riverside habitat.

4. Create a landscape unlike those found in the Toledo area.

OVERLAND PROJECT STATEMENTIn order to address the opportunities and constraints of The Jeep Parkway site, we focused on creating an environment which contained a gradient of public space and access, the recreation of habitat and the reclamation of a polluted river. The public space gradient incorporates elevated walkways and piers that allow visitors interaction with this newly created environment. Limited public access in the southern parcel allows natural habitats for native species to develop. Using dredge material and technologies, a newly designed path of the Ottawa River cleans and scrubs the water of pollutants and sediment. Evoking site history, these dredge landforms take the shape of craters created by the very munitions built at the parkway facility in the 1940s. In an effort to use dredge material pulled from the Maumee Bay in a positive manner, this site uses two years of dry material that would otherwise be disposed in an open lake or confined disposal facilities.

02

1912 - The original site of Pope Motor Car Co. before it was bought by John Worth Willys and combined with the Overland Automotive Division to form the Willys-Overland Motor Company, the site was renamed as the Parkway Annex

1940 - Began producing 350,000 military Jeeps for use in WWII at the Parkway Annex

1940s - Supplied munitions and military materials, including the "Robomb", the allied version of the German V-2 rocket, bullet cores, shells, projectiles and parts for aircraft landing gear

1945 - Began producing the Civilian Jeep (CJ) as a work and recreational vehicle

1980 - Willys-Overland Motor Company is bought by Chrysler and the Parkway Annex is renamed as the Toledo Assembly Plant

1997- Chrysler begins to build Supplier Park, a modern car assembly facility within the city limits.

2002 - Chrysler begins demolishing the outdated facilities of the Parkway Annex leaving behind the smokestack that still stands today

2010 - Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority purchases the Parkway Annex site for $95,000

2012 - Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority begins development of the Overland Industrial Park with a 2.8 million dollar grant from the Ohio Department of Development

PARKWAY ANNEXOTTAWA RIVEROriginates in southeast Michigan and flows for 15 miles through northwest Ohio.

Was contaminated as a result of runoff and discharge from industrial sites and sewers along its banks.

Was determined to be part of the Maumee River Area of Concern which made it eligible for a cleanup under the Great Lakes Legacy Act

In 2010, 242,000 cubic yards of contaminated sediments were removed from a 5.5 mile section of the river.

50,000 cubic yards of material were deposited into CDFs, the rest was placed in municipal landfills.

Contaminates removed included PCBs, PAHs, and more than a million pounds of heavy metals.

There is still a fish advisory and a water advisory in place for the river.

Dredged material can be used directly as aggregate, be converted to building materials (e.g. bricks), directly used in construction (levees, berms, beaches), used to restore or re-nourish eroding beaches farmlands or wetlands and to construct new wetland or upland environments. We have elected to separate. The uses into two categories, engineering and environmental, for ease of discussion while recognizing that in reality the distinction between them is a little blurred.

DREDGE

03

SPACIAL STRATEGYPublic access is limited to the northern part of the site to limit disturbance to newly created habitat in the southern parcel.

Ecological remediation strategies which include flood plains and sediment drop off points are located within the center of the site as to allow accessibility by municipal personal

New animal habitat would be created in the secluded southern end which is not as accessible. This area would be more densely planted and defined by steeper landforms and a serpentine shoreline.

Strategies to clean river water all create an inefficient system. Using S-curves to slow down the water allow more contact with aquatic plants that filter out toxins and impurities. In the graphic to the left, the deeper, narrower stream moves sediment continuously and limits the waters contact to aquatic plants. The shallower streambed allows sediment to drop out an collect.

river remediationriver remediation

public access

animal habitat

RIVER REMEDIATION STRATEGIES

Avery Sell and Alex Marchinski [jeep plant site]

06

SITE PLAN

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PORTPLANNEDPARKING

OTTAWA RIVER

RIVER OVERLOOK

EXISTING ACCESS ROAD

OVERLAND SMOKE STACK

NEW RIVER CORRIDOR

SITTEE PPLLLAAANNNN

POPPPP RTRTRTRTRTTTTTPLLLLLAAAAANANANNNNENN DDPPPAPAPAP RKKKRKR ININNNNNGGGGG

RRRRRRLOLOOLOLOLOL OKKKOKOKKRIRIRR VEVEVVV RRRR OVOOOOOVOOOVVERERERERER

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OVOVVERERLALANDN SMOOKEKE SSTATAAACKK

NNNNEN WWW RIRRIRIRIRIR VVVERR COCORRRRIDOROR

07

OVERLAND PROGRAM

DREDGE MOUND

OTTAWA RIVER

DREDGE CRATERDREDGE CRATER_FLOODABLE STRUCTURE_FLATSTRUCTURE_RAISEDSTRUCTURE_VIEWING PLATFORMENCLOSED STRUCTURESEATINGPLANTER

SEDIMENT DROPOFF ZONE

OVE

09

TOTAL DREDGE MATERIAL USED

290,660yds

181,252yds

241,008yds

294,220yds

structure

1

1,007,140yds

2

3

4

5SHORELINE DESIGNBy maximizing the shoreline the potential for water to be cleaned multiplies. Using a curvilinear path causes the water to slow down allowing sediment to drop out and collect. Greater surface area allows the water to have greater contact with chemical scrubbing vegetation.

The Ottawa River already has 7050 feet of shoreline within the Overland site. With the goal of doubling the amount of shoreline, we were able to add an additional 10,000 feet of shoreline within the southern parcel of the site. This off limits area would have dense vegetation with flood zones that allow infiltration and filtration of the river water.

PHASING STRATEGYPhasing strategies were developed based on concentration on the southern end first, completing the process with the northern end followed by the structure. Based on this strategy, we calculated the amount of dredged used with its respective phase.

8977 ft.

9204 ft.

10000 ft.

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FINAL PLATFORM OVERLOOKING PIERS

WITHIN THE RIVER CORRIDOR

ON THE PIERS

SITE PERSPECTIVES (CONT)

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VIEW OF PIERS FROM OTTAWA RIVER

B.

ON THE PIERS AND PAVILION

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SITE PERSPECTIVES

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SECTION DETAILS

1 : 200C-C

OVERLAND

1 : 200B-B

1 : 40A-A

STEEL PIER STRUCTURE

CORTEN STEEL RAILING

PRECAST CONCRETE WALKWAY

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Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment

Ashley ReedThe Pennsylvania State University

Landscape Architecture 414November 2012

Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment1

Table of Contents

2-5 Toledo Park Infrastructure Research

6 Precedents

7 Site Plan

8 Park Features and Ampihtheatre CDF

9 Section A: Road to Stage

9 Section B: Marina to Rails to Trails

9 Elevation C: Boardwalk Bridge

10 Urban Camping

11 Evening on the Boardwalk

Design Abstract

The Thomas Edison Park was designed to create an urban outdoor entertainment space for the city of Toledo. Toldeos greenspace infrastructure lacks natural areas, entertainment venues and a connection to surrounding areas and future development; this design brings these amenities together in a naturalistic urban entertainment park. The main feature of the park is the Edison Amphitheatre to hold weekly attractions such as concerts, speakers, movie nights, and other large events. The Forest Clearings are intimate flexible spaces that can act as picnic areas or be turned into campgrounds for large events bringing in revenue for the city. The Edison Boardwalk and Skyline Outlook bring visitors out to the Maumee River and also offer views of Toledos industrial infrastructure as well as the skyline and the bridge. The Boardwalk Bridge connects the site to the Maritime Museum and future development. The Event Lawn and Formal Welcome Area create open space to hold large community events such as farmers markets, snowball fights, carnivals and fairs, sporting events, and also can be converted to a large campground for events. Finally the Constructed Wetland creates a contrast in not only form but the environmental habitat on site. These features work together to create an urban entertainment park that will serve Toledo and the surrounding communities for years to come.

Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment

Map and Table Data Source: The City of Toledo Division of RecreationData Source: The City of Toledo Division of Recreatio

Toledo Park Infrastructure Research

2

Ashley Reed [edison park]

Urban CampingThomas Edison Park

Urban Entertainment10

Evening on the Boardwalk Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment11

Boardwalk Connection to Maritime Museum Boaters Entrace

Allows Boaters to Dock and

Attend Events

Boardwalk Bridge Has 14 Boat

Clearance

Skyline Outlook Gathering Area for

Campers Views towards

Downtown Toledo

Constructed Wetland Natural Area

Maumee Fed

Dredge lined

for nutrients

Edison Boardwalk Brings visitors

to the water

Views of Bay,

Bridge, and

City

Skyway Stage Variety of Events

Veterans Glass

City Skyway as backdrop

Rails to Trails Connection to Citys

Existing Trail System

Entrance for Pedestrians

and CyclistsEdison Amphitheater Seating for Events

Mini-CDF for Dredge

Backside is a

constructed grasslandPark Trail System Extends, throughout

the site, the Citys trail

systemSeparation Mound Blocks site from road

Dredge Material

Constructed Grassland

Separation Mound Blocks site from

road Dredge Material

Constructed

Grassland

Formal Welcome Area Entrance for Pedestrians

and CyclistsMain Entrance Entrance for Pedestrians

and Cyclists Connection to major

intersection Connection to Tribute

Park

Event Lawn Another Space with a

variety of Events

Central Gathering Area

Parking Lot Drivers Entrace

Existing Maritime

Parking lot renovated with more

spaces and a drop off

Connection to Front Street

Maritime Museum

Maritime Museum Boat Docks Gives site connection

Boating community

A

B

C

Forest Clearing Intimate

Gathering

Areas

Camping

Picnics

Forest Renovation

and Extension

of existing tree grove

Natural Area

5 Contours Shown

(Exceptions at the start

of the landforms)

Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment

7

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64128

Section A: Road to Stage

Section B: Marina to Rails to Trails

Elevation C: Boardwalk Bridge

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Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment9

Park Features Amphitheatre CDFNatural Areas Forest

Wetland

Grassland

Connection to water

Heavily Planted

Boat Connections Maritime Museum Boat Docks Boardwalk Bridge connecting Museum to site

Forest Clearings Campgrounds for large events, brings in revenue to Toledo

Intimate Gathering Areas

Picnic Areas

Trails Network throughout site

Connection to Rails to Trails

Lighting Taking advantage of bridge and industrial lights on the river

Mimicking industrial lights with bulb lights on boardwalk

Lawn Maintenance Main Gathering Lawn, Amphitheatre , and Forest Clearings

needs maintained often for weekly use

Entertainment Spaces Gathering Lawn for recreation, but also farmers markets, carnivals, winter events,

fairs, more campground, and block parties.

Amphitheatre for concerts, plays, speakers, shows, benefits, and summer movie

nights.

Also designed for everyday use.

Dredge Material Mini Combined Disposal Facility in Amphitheatre, sheet pile used to create terraces

All mounds are constructed out of dredge

6 soil cap on dredge to control phragmites and promote healthy vegetative growth

Layer of dredge on bottom of wetland, nutrients in dredge helps establish a healthy

wetland

Site holds 918,513.41yd of dredge material which is about 2.5 years of Toledos

dredge production (after drying)

1.5 Sitting Wall

2 Sheet Piles for Sitting Nooks

Grass Covered

Terraces for Seating

6 Clean Soil Cap

7 Drilled Sheet Pile

Filled with Dried

Dredge Material

Not to a Scale

Thomas Edison ParkUrban Entertainment

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Thomas Edison Park

Project Description:

Create a contemplative destination for the Business Leaders Meeting at the future marina docks project site of Chinese investors Yuan Xiaohona and Wu Kin Hung. This design will be a park for industry and business leaders to meet with clients and co-workers. This space will create a stress-free experience of inspiration and creativity. It will also bring the hard, industrious city closer to the natural landscape.

The design elements of this project focus on the symbolic and metaphorical meanings behind rocks and mountains. A vertical element is created by layering dredge material until a karst topographical mountain develops on the site. Pedestrians will experience this mountain on two different levels: above being the surface level of movement, and below in the tunnel being the meditative experience. The site will host many different activities, including contemplative experiences, recreational, business meetings, picnics for local residents, and exercise zones. The site will use roughly 300,000 cubic yards of dredge material in the construction of this project.

Circulation Diagram, Points of Interest

[The Most Important Orientation, Was IN]

Design IntentCreate a Contemplative Destination for Business Leaders Meeting at the Future Marina Docks Project of Chinese Investors Yuan Xiaohona and Wu Kin Hung. This Design Will Be a Park for Industry and Business Leaders to Meet With Clients and Co-workers. This Space Will Create a Stress-Free Experience of Inspiration and Creativity. It Will Also Bring the Hard, Industrious City Closer to the Natural Landscape.

The Above World level of movement on the site. Here pedestrians have the full freedom allowed by their legs to roam the hill top. This movement is based on the concept of an Unfocused Mind.

bridge and main access road. These roads allow for intriguing views for drivers.

This path is the mirror opposite of the Above World level of movement. The lower bath involves the experience of Self-Awareness. It is a literal metaphor for meditation and the journey to your inner-self.

The Overlook, a balcony looking down upon the pedestrians who have arrived at the waterfront from the tunnel. This space adds a destination for the pedestrians walking above, as well becomes a relaxing place to sit and picnic in good weather conditions.

The lower gathering space will spot a pedestrians 50 feet below the Overlook, gazing in awe at the fact that they have walked on a normal path, into a winding tunnel, and reached the waters edge with a mountain standing tall behind them. Pedestrians can enjoy the end of their Journey into their own minds, by relaxing with friends to enjoy lunch with a cool breeze

The Chinese believed that somewhere in the highest mountains there was a cave that was an exact representation of the world outside. In its center was a stalactite that gave off the milk of contentment. Any rock that suggests a mountain, cave or stalactite became symbolically important. This idea is reinforced by the Chinese notion that in addition to north and south, east and west, the most important orientation was in. It is because of this inward focus that Chinese culture looked for paradise inside of things, just as western culture looked upward and outside. In Chinese art, this orientation caused a search for a world within a world, for imagery in surprising and unpredictable places.v

Let us imagine that early Chinese lived in limestone caves. We know that karst limestone caves are common in China, and that among their characteristics are endlessly winding tunnels. They have underground streams and lakes, skylights, even fish. The geography of this world was so complex, that people would not be able to explore and map them in a dozen lifetimes. Paradoxically, when they emerged from these caves, they could readily see and walk around the small mountains that contained these worlds within worlds.

TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader

Griffen Galante [edison park]

Rendered Plan, Critical Points

Parking Lot, One Way TrafficAccess Directly From Adjacent Park

Open MindThe Freedom to Walk Where You Please

The TunnelExperience a Meditative Journey

The ForkThe Choice to Walk Freely or Deliberately

The OverlookExperience Views of The River, Downtown, and The Bridge

The WaterfrontLook Back in Awe at The Rising Mountain You Have Traversed

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TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader

Open CeilingThe Open Ceiling Is Located Along the Entrance Heading Into the Tunnel Itself.

Partially ClosedDepending Upon the Location of

This Ceiling, Fences Will Be Placed Around the Openings to Protect People From Falling In.

If the Tunnel Is Shallow Enough, Pedestrians Will Be Able to

Access the Edge and Watch People Walking Below.

Fully ClosedThis Type of Ceiling Provides Pedestrians Above a Connector Bridge to Pass Over the Tunnel Beneath. This Type Doesnt Extend Far as It Will Create an Undesired Claustrophobic Experience for Pedestrians Within the Tunnels

Quarry GardenThis Award WInning Design Led to the Design Element of the Tunnel, Ending With a Realisation That One Has Just Walked Through an Enormous Mountain Landscape.

Slot CanyonsThe Natural Erosion Created By Desert Winds Was the Inspiration for the Tunnel Designs. The Awe Inspiring Effect Caused By the Light Rays Shining Through the Crevasses in the Ceilings Became the Basis for the Tunnel Types.

Rendered Perspectives

Ceiling TypesThe Tunnel Has Many Elements That Relate Closely to Slot Canyons Found in Popular Desert Locations Around The World. The Tunnel Will Have Varied Ceiling Types, Placed in Varied Integrals Along the Mountain Surface. The Types consist of an Open Path, Partially Closed, and Fully Closed Path. Each Type Creates a Different Experience Along the Tunnel, By Allowing Varying Amounts of Sun Light to Shine Down.

Tunnel Elements

TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader

Rendered Sections, Critical Points

A

B

TOLEDO, OHIO : Modern Industrial Leader

Edison ParkEDISON PARK BACKGROUND AND EXISTING CONDITIONS

PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS SKYWAY BRIDGE VIEWING PLATFORM

MARINA, MUSEUM, ANDSHIP VIEWING PLATFORM

HIGHEST ELEVATION FOR TOLEDO SKYLINE VIEW

FORMAL GRASS LAWN

STEEPEST HILLS

SHALLOWEST HILLS

Edison Park in Toledo is currently an unused lot of land along the Maumee River. It is directly next to (and nearly under) the Toledo Skyway Bridge. It is part of the Marina District, an area in Toledo currently undergoing revitalization. It has the site of the future Museum of the Great Lakes next to it separated only by enough water to hold a small marina. Across from the site of Edison Park are industrial sites left in various states of disrepair.

While currently unused, Edison Park has many existing conditions that present unique opportunities when designing it. Edison Park is currently extremely flat, like the majority of Toledo and the region. It also has some great views that can be highlighted, like the views to the Skyway Bridge, the Great Lakes Museum, the Toledo Skyline, and the future site of the S.S. Col. James M. Schoonmaker. The Maumee River is also the site of a great deal of dredging activity, which means that there is a great deal of soil available to use.

Right now, Edison Park is simply a lot of land with some natural growth and virtually no use by people. However, with my design, I aim to change this. There will be a significant number of tourists coming to the Great Lakes Museum who likely will be drawn to the park due to its proximity and views of things like the S.S. Col. James M. Schoonmaker. The park will be accessible either by foot through paths that I will create or that already exist, or through vehicular transport, as the museum already has parking set aside near Edison Park.

Keeping in mind the existing site conditions and opportunities, I have determined a program for the site that addresses all of these issues in a unique way while also using a significant portion of dredge material.

To address the major views of the site, I have created areas where the best views of certain attractions can be seen without any obstruction. To view the marina, museum, and ship I have created a viewing platform that brings park users very close to the water while also providing a clear view to those features. I created a similar platform for the Skyway Bridge, where viewers will be down near the water, allowing them to fully take in the grandeur of the bridge. To view the Toledo Skyline, I created one mountainous landform that users will easily be able to surmount and view the city from a position of high elevation (the landform will rise approximately 45 ft. above the current water level).

The site is currently very flat, similar to the surrounding areas. However, to set the park apart, it became apparent that creating a landscape of rolling hills would accomplish that while also helping to promote views, create spaces, and use dredge material. I created a natural looking variety of rolling hills. To add interest to this landscape I made the hills closest to the Maumee River more dramatic and steeper. This increased steepness creates a different atmosphere depending on the area of the park the user is in.

LARCH 414, FALL 2012Rachael Stewart

Rachael Stewart [edison park]Project StatementIn my design of Edison Park, I chose to focus on the opportunities the site presented. The location of Edison Park provides a variety of important and interesting views: views to the Skyway Bridge, views of the Toledo Skyline, and views to the Maritime Museum and marina. Also, like the rest of the region, Edison Park is very flat. This provided an opportunity to use landform to set the park apart from the rest. By using dredge material to create these landforms, two goals could be achieved at once.

To make the most of these opportunities, I created a design that changes the sites topography to rolling hills, getting steeper towards the edge of the Maumee River. These hills help to provide different areas to view from and also help to create different spaces within in the site. Then, to provide contrast and further highlight the important views, I created 3 very flat, rectangular areas on the site and along the rivers edge. The rectangular shape helps to set them apart and focus on their importance. Through the use of the hills, open spaces, and winding pathways, park visitors can use the space for relaxation, recreation, and contemplation.

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GRADING PLAN AND CUT AND FILL CALCULATIONS

APPROXIMATE ADDED MATERIAL: 244,038.98 cubic yardsDE-WATERED DREDGE MATERIAL PER YEAR: 360,000 cubic yards

DESIGN HOLDS 67.8% OF ONE YEARS DREDGE MATERIAL

Hydraulic Dredge Materialvia docked barge

Phasing | Site Process Cycles

Dredge Dewatering Container 1

Class B dredge material has been fully dewatered but not remediated. It is suitable for adaptive re-use as fill in

transportation infrastructure projects as conducted by the city of Toledo

Class B dredge material has been phytore-mediated by introducted species, helianthus annuus. The majority of organic pollutants

(PCBs, PAHs) have been removed. It is suitable for adaptive re-use as fill in

residential and commercial projects as conducted by the city of Toledo

Helianthus annuus may be culled and removed off-site after having

accumulated a sufficient quantity of organic pollutants from class b dredge

materials in containers 2 +3. The sunflowers may be re-used in biofuel

generation on or off-site

Diffused water is rhizofiltered by introduced species, typha latifolia.

Water, having undergone two phases of remediation is released into the

Maumee River. Typha latifolia is culled and shipped off-site for compositing and

wetland mitigation projects.

Dry dredge material is trucked on-site for construction of contained landforms that

determine the spatial composition of public and private spaces.

Dry Dredge Materialvia dump trucks

Initial Landform Constructionhand + machine labor

confined disposal facilitiespublic shipping channel dredging projects

private environmental remediation dredging projects

Class B Dredge MaterialContainers 2+3+4

PhytoremediationContainers 2+3

Admixture SamplingContainer 4

B

Diffused WaterContainer 5

RhizofiltrationContainer 5

output [water + plant remains]

+

+

+ +

output [class b dredge material]

output [class a dredge material] output [biofuel briquette] output [various construction materials]

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A

2-3 weeks

6 months 6 months varies

continuous

Phasing | Site Process Cycles

2 week cycle | week 0barge parks at loading dock, hydraulic dredge is pumped into container 1

2 week cycle | week 2 + 6 month cycle| month 0dredge dewaterment process complete. water is released into container 5, 90% of dredge [class b] is shipped off-site*, 10% remains on-site for further remediation

6 month cycle | month 6class a dredge + culled vegetation + admixture products shipped off-site*

6 month cycle | processrhizofiltration + phytoremediation + admixture sampling

+

+

Phasing | Site Construction

Construct Semi-Public Landformsfill: dry dredge material

Construct Public Circulation Infrastructurematerials: see structural rib axon

Construct Dredge Containers + Viewing Nodesmaterials: steel + re-enforced concrete

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transferoutput

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infiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrateinfiltrate

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a sealed drainage mat with polymer membranehere, vacuum pressure is applied from a vacuum pump in order to accelerate the dredge dewatering process, the drainage mat is dark black to intercept and contain heat during summer months, speeding up the dewatering processb dredge slurry input [rapid dewatering]c geotextile filter fabricd coarse drainage aggregatee perforated drainage piperemoved water is relocated to dredge container 5 where further infiltration and release into constructed remediation wetlands occursf hydraulic dredge pipea valved pipe connects to the site dock extension where hydraulic dredge is released into container 1g internal water infiltration beamsh dump truck/cranedewatered dredge is transported from container 1 to containers 2-4

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Container Typology Perspective 1| Functional Remediation of Hydraulic Dredge Material

5| Water Release ContainerWater diffused from the dredge dewatering process is piped into dredge container 5. Here, water is released into the container via one of 5 valved pipes. The idea of containment will allow for the introduction of aquatic rhizomatous grasses. Introduced species such as typhus latifolia will perform rhizofiltration acting as a second filter for the diffused water from the original dredge input. The majority of organic pollutants leftover from the original hydraulic dredge input will be accumulated by these introduced species (PCBs, PAHs). Filtered water will then be released over a constructed armor rock weir to the existing Maumee River. The egress side of the weir is to be terraced to promote the establishment of shallow photic zones where submerged aquatic vegetation may grow.output: rhizofiltered water [originally diffused from dredge dewaterment in container 2] + mature wetland grasses for re-planting/composting

a diffused water is piped inward directly from container 1b five valved secondary pipes collect water from the entry line and release water into container 5 via a slow and controlled process in order to inhibit microecosystem disturbancec typhus latifolia and other rhizomatous wetland grasses are introduced to rhizofiltrate the remainder of organic pollutants within the introduced water flowd armor stone control weire water is released back into the Maumee River, having undergone two remediation processes. The pier extends into the river and uses varying size stones to promote the establishment of aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the river release point.

abc

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Container Typology Perspective 2| Additional Remediation of Released Water from Container 1

input

release

release

release

1| Dredge Dewatering ContainerDredge is pumped into container 1 via a valved line that attaches to the hydraulic dredge unit upon arrival at the dock. The 50% water, 50% solid dredge input is capped with a reusable polymer membrane and vacuum pressure is applied via an adjacent tank. Pressure is applied with the most force above infiltration beams, where water migrates to a coarse aggregate layer. Here, water percolates to one of several perforated pipelines, which directs the water towards dredge container 5 (see container typology perspective 2), for further remediation and release into the river.output: class b dredge material [suitable for transportationinfrastructure projects], removed at 2-3 week intervals

2+3| Phytoremediation ContainersDewatered dredge from container 1 is removed in 2 week cycles. The majority of this output is shipped off-site for use in infrastructure projects directed by the Ohio Department of Transportation. Priority access to this dewatered dredge material will be awarded to the city of Toledo for urban renewal projects. Containers 2, 3, and 4 will receive the remainder of the output from container 1s two week cycles. Phytoremediation process-es will be applied to this material, via the use of sunflowers and the introduction of microbial populations. Sunflowers will be culled and harvested upon seasonal cycles. output: class a dredge material [suitable for residential, commercial fill projects] + biofuel briquette [suitable for industrial use as a substitute for other fossil fuels], removed at 6 month intervals

4| Admixture Application ContainerLess than 5% of class b dredge is moved to container 4 at the end of each biweekly cycle. Various aggregates, reinforcement elements, and chemical admixtures may be applied to class b dredge within various holding cells. output: construction materials [suitable for a wide range of projects and research based on the success of the applied admixture]

5| Water Release ContainerWater diffused from the dredge dewatering process is piped into dredge container 5. Here, water is released into the container via one of 5 valved pipes. The idea of containment will allow for the introduction of aquatic rhizomatous grasses. Introduced species such as typhus latifolia will perform rhizofiltration acting as a second filter for the diffused water from the original dredge input. The majority of organic pollutants leftover from the original hydraulic dredge input will be accumulated by these introduced species (PCBs, PAHs). Filtered water will then be released over a constructed armor rock weir to the existing Maumee River. The egress side of the weir is to be terraced to promote the establishment of shallow photic zones where submerged aquatic vegetation may grow.output: rhizofiltered water [originally diffused from dredge dewaterment in container 2] + mature wetland grasses for re-planting/composting

+

+

A

B

+

Container Perspectives| Legend [correspond with container typology perspectives 1+2]

Very little sediment dredged from the Toledo Harbor is being beneficially re-used, remediated, or efficiently recycled. The Ohio EPA has expressed concern in the viability of open lake dredge placement and CDF dredge storage as practical sediment management strategies. In addition, Toledo residents lack the comprehension of dredge material as a functional element. This proposal illustrates Edison park as a catalyst for the interaction between dredge remediation and site user. Dredge will be exposed in various containers on-site. Its performa-tive processes of accretion, dewaterment, and succession are accelerated to yield various outputs for the city of Toledo. These in-situ functional processes are bordered by raised pedestrian circulation ribs, inducing a dialectic interaction between site user and dredge remediation. Through efficient cycles of 2 weeks and 6 months, two classes of remediated dredge are shipped off-site for use by Toledo in both transportation and residential con-struction projects.

Matthew Moffitt [edison park]

Site Section Perspective| Visual Interaction with the Maumee River

Site Process Sections | Hydraulic Dredge Remediation +Excavation Infrastructure

CLASS A DREDGE + CULLED HELIANTHUS ANNUUSTRANSFERED OFF-SITE

CULLED TYPHA LATIFOLIATRANSFERED OFF-SITE

CYCLE 2 | 6 MONTHS EA REMOVE [CLASS A DREDGE] + HARVEST [CROP FOR BIOFUEL]

5 1 1 2

i iiiii iv

water + vegetation slurry [dewater]_waterremediated dredge +

vegetationslurry [dewater]_dewatered dredgeinput

[hydraulic dredge]

river site

Cycle 2 Processesi. A barge docks at the proposed landing point, via a new extension to the existing Maumee River shipping channel. A valved attachment pumps hydraulic dredge into dredge container 1 with the appropriate volume and velocity.ii. Introduced typhus latifolia is removed from container 5 and shipped off-site. It may be used in sustainable composting projects conducted by the city of Toledo.iii. Water diffused from dredge container 1 is piped into a release cistern attached to container 5. iv. Dewatered class b dredge is removed from containers 2 and 3. Introduced helianthus annuus is removed from container 5 and shipped off-site. It may be used as biofuel during renewable energy generation testing.

Site Process Sections | Hydraulic Dredge Remediation +Excavation Infrastructure

CLASS B DREDGEDEWATERED,TRANSFERED OFF-SITE

2-3 WEEKS EA DEWATER + TRANSFER + REMOVE [CLASS B DREDGE]

5 1 1 2

i iiiii. iv viv

water [release!]

river site

slurry [dewater]_water

dewatered dredge[phytoremediate]

slurry [dewater]_dewatered dredgeinput

[hydraulic dredge]

Cycle 1 Processes i. A barge docks at the proposed landing point, via a new extension to the existing Maumee River shipping channel. A valved attachment pumpshydraulic dredge into dredge container 1 with the appropriate volume and velocity.ii. A control valve releases hydraulic dredge into container 1 at a controlled rate. During each 2-3 week cycle, enough hydraulic dredge is released to retain a consistent dewatering process.iii. Water diffused from dredge container 1 is piped into a release cistern attached to container 5. A series of pipes control the release of water from the cistern into container 5 at a velocity harmless to the succession of aquatic vegetation.iv. Content threshold weir: dewatering process is separated (with some transparency) from the class b dredge collection process. v. Water infiltration lines: spread across the base of the container, additional diffused water is collected and output towards container 5vi. Dewatered class b dredge is removed from container 1. The majority of class b dredge is shipped off-site in trucks and used for transportation infrastructure projects in Toledo. 5-10% of class b dredge is removed during each biweekly cycle and dumped into containers 2 and 3 for cycle 2 phytoremediation processes or dumped into container 4 for material testing.

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

9

10

11

14

13

12

6

7

Plan Render | Site Interactions

rib enclosure railing

modular pre-cast concrete cap

structural steel deck

steel truss bearing structure

initial phase constructed landform

Structural Rib Axon| Circulation Infrastructure for the Viewing of Research Containers as Theatre

project 2

image: andy turner via panoramio

project 2

image: sean burkholder

Connections between people, freighters, and invasive species converge at Toledo Harbor Light

Gabriella SalveminiConnective LandscapeThe dredging industry is necessary to the city of Toledo, connecting the city to other large cities and the United States Interior by allowing freighters to carry their cargo from port to port. This idea of connection is the basis for design. By connecting people to the physical manifestations of dredge, they can understand why this process per-forms a positive function. Focusing on freighters as a direct result of dredging and invasive species as the indirect result of these activities, purposeful design moves help people recognize hidden connections and become further informed on how dredging fits in to their contemporary landscape.

Rhizome barriers

Seed barrier

Aquatic barrier

Jan.

Feb.

March

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

BowRifle

Research

To gain funds for the construction and maintenance of the island, hunting will be promoted as the main use of the island. Restrictions on hunting season, bag limit, and spread of invasives off the island provide structure to an otherwise open landscape. The island will be open to researchers during the off-season to gather data on control methods.

In order to explore beneficial uses of invasive species, a series of control devices are implemented within a portion of the third island. The remainder of the island serves as disturbed habitat for comparison of growth patterns. By preventing rhizome growth, fragment movement, and seed movement, the goal is to provide control methods for invasive species, allowing them to take on a new role in the contemporary landscape.

10 deep concrete rhizome barriers extend across the lowlands around water bodies. They serve two purposes, functioning to restrict rhizome growth of phragmites and reed canary grass, and acting as pathways across the island. The barriers vary in width; 6 wide, 3 wide, and 2 wide. The widest are for people to move across, the smallest is functional.

Dense mesh is stationed at the entrance to the interior waterway as well as the entry and exit of each of the 3 ponds. This is to prevent movement of aquatic plant fragments from water body to water body. Aquatic invasives will be planted on the outer waterways, with the hope that fragments will be stopped by the mesh and limited invasives found in the interior of the waterway.

Landform is arranged in 15 high ridges to prevent the movement of purpleloosestrife seeds via wind. The ridges are oriented to block seeds moving with the summer wind directions.

t

The bay is planted with phragmites australis, and has nets for zebra mussels in the water. This arrangement is meant to help filter nitrogen and phosphorus out of the water that enters into the stream.

The series of ponds have nets installed to prevent plant fragment movement at each end, and through monitoring scientists can see any relationship between nutrient levels on interior water versus lake water to see if methods in the bay are working.

Upland habitat is meant for deer, with landform designed around a series of pinch points that function as places where deer congregate. Species like oak, wild grape, and clover will be planted for forage.

1: bay

Micro habitat relationships

2 : pond3 : forest

Deer habitat

Monitoring

Filtration1: bay

2 : pond

3 : forest

Accessible to the public, this island includes boat docks so people can visit the historic Toledo Harbor Light and experience native plant communities via raised boardwalk that traverses the island. A 30 high viewing deck allows the public to visually interact with passing freighters utilizing the dredge channel. The viewing deck also allows views to the existing Toledo Harbor Lighthouse, and constructed wetlands beneath.

ISLAND 1 : Public + native species

Site Plan

1

2

3 : controlled invasive

3 : invasive

Phasing

ISLAND 2 : Research + native species

ISLAND 3 : Hunters and researchers + invasive species

Design of the islands are very user specific; spanning the dredge channel they each hold a different vegetative context for people to experience. The smallest is designed to show anthropogenic influences on native plant communities and provide interactions with freighters in the channel. At the center, an island is dedicated to native plant communities accessed only by researchers for monitoring purposes. The largest island houses invasive species, with one half exercising control over them, and the other left for colonization so that growth habits may be compared.

Primary Reproduction Method Habitat Nutrient Absorbtion

Growth Patternrhizo

meseed frag

ment

veligers

aquatic

wetland

degraded

colonize

r

aquatic m

ats

high den

sity

seed viab

ility

rapid gro

wth

escape routessurrounding elevationsun exposureopen area to bed

Characteristics of invasive species are drawn upon in the design to create a space that investigates positive effects and higher control of their spread. Deer are included in this investigation since they can become an invasive species themselves, and often create the degraded landscapes that invasive species thrive on.

summer wind

Lake current

The largest island is designed with respect to environmental conditions and deer habitat requirements. Wind and lake currents inform the location of a bay and stream with a series of ponds that cuts across the island. A portion of the island implements a series of control devices meant to stop rhizome growth, fragment, and seed movement.

Harborlands

Ballast water system as stabilizing mechanism

>>Source port

Ballast tanks

Empty cargo hold Full cargo hold

Ballast tanks

Cargo loaded

Nearly empty ballast Full ballast

>>In transit >>Destination >>In transit1 2 3 4

Cargo unloaded

The exchange of ballast water is a stabilization mechanism necessary to the shipping industry. The rocess, which maintains buoyancy after changes in cargo weight, also has some serious ramifications for the ecology of the Great Lakes.

Some species die off

Ballast water as conduit for invasive/non-native flora and fauna

>>Source port

Non-native organisms expelled

= SEVERE ecologic / eco``nomic costs to Lake environment and associated industries (750 mil to 1 bil in one decade for zebra mussels alone)*

When ballast water is taken up, aquatic organisms, seeds, and microbes that reside in the water column are taken in as well. Ideally, most of these species will expire during the voyage but, some survive and are released with the ballast water at the destination port. This process has led to the introduction of a wide range of non-native and invasive species, such as sea lamprey and zebra mussels, where the ballast wa-ter acts as the conduit for this exchange.

*Progress and Challenges in Preventing introduction into U.S. Waters Via the Ballast Water in Ships, U.S. GOA, 9/2005

Native organisms captured

>>In transit >>Destination >>In transit1 2 3 4

200 nautical mi. >> 2000 m. depth- Exemptions

- Lack of altnative exchange zones

- Ineffective containment of invasive species

- SHORT-term solution

- Development of alternate methods

- Increase in ship ballast capacity

Lack of exchange zones

>>Shortcomings

>>UN requirements

bal- cargo

The Final Rule regulations and United Nations IMO requirements

In reaction to this, the Coast Guard has implemented the Final Rule, a set of laws that dictate that all ballast water exchange occur 200 nautical miles from shoreline and at a depth of 2000 meters, effectively making the Great Lakes a no exchange zone. The final rule is a short term solution lacking alternate ex-change zones and proving to be largely ineffective. The UN set forth a series of recommendations as a re-sult of a convention held on the topic that demand a set of standards for ballast water to be put in place and for the ballast water capacity of ships to be enlarged, a process viewed as unattractive to the shipping industry as it diminishes cargo space on board a vessel.

Emma Hahn

200 nautical mi. >> 2000 m. depth

This design proposes an approach that forms a break between the input and output of ballast water, creating a treatment system contained by dredge material that serves to mediate the exchange process.

Released foreign ballast water + -Exchanged lake ballast water

Mediate inputs and outputs through alternate method

>> Ballast management island

1

2

>> Ironhead High Bay

Defouling + ballast capacity mitigation

alternate exchange

zone + ballast water

treatment + defouling

2

The system establishes Toledo as a hub for ballast water exchange within the Great Lakes. The first ele-ment, the alternate exchange zone is located along the shipping channel for ease of accessibility and pro-vides exchange services, treatment of ballast water, and defouling maintenance. The second element, the existing Ironhead Marine Inc. graving dock will become the headquarters in expertise for the enhancement of ship ballast capacity. Coupled, the system will allow the region to meet UN standards while provide options for exchange without the sacrifice of cargo space.

Shipping channel

Bath house Lake Erie

Surplus holding cell 2 >> public hot springs

Cooling run >> holding cell 1

Viewing platform

Floating dry dock

Shipping channel

Filtration system and heat treatment sequence

The proposed alternate exchange zone features a dry dock and treatment island. The dry dock enables vessels to release ballast water into the treatment sequence and to intake sanitized water, as well as receiving de-fouling services, through which algae, mussels, etc. are removed from the vessel before going to port. Once ballast water is released, it is piped into the treatment sequence present on the island.

Floating dry dock

+ Ships exchange ballast through treatment sequence prior to docking at port+ Fouling is removed to reduce transport risks

Floating dry dock implementation

+ Requires limited dredging (in comparison to

graving dock)

+ Located along shipping channel to maximize

accessibility

Dredge disposal containment

+ Structure accomodates 33,706,282 cubic ft.

of dredge material

Primary Filtration

+ 100,000 m3 / hr capability+ Removes majority of species in released ballast

Heat Exchanger

+ Brings water to roughly 110 degrees F+ Removes microbial biomass in ballast water

Cooling Run / Holding cell 1

+ Holds freshly santized water until backflowed+ Lowers temperature of heat treated water

Public hot springs / Overflow holding cell 2

+ Quantities that overwhelm cell 1 are directed into cell 2 until backflowed+ Purified water provides public amentity and social