Designing and Implementing a Branding Strategy I Brand Architecture Brand-Product Matrix Brand...
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Transcript of Designing and Implementing a Branding Strategy I Brand Architecture Brand-Product Matrix Brand...
Ashesi University
COURSE TITLE : STRATEGIC BRAND MANAGEMENT
SEMESTER : SECOND, 2010/2011MODULE 9: Designing and Implementing a
Branding Strategy I: Brand Architecture, Brand-Product Matrix, Brand Hierarchy
Lecturer: Ebow Spio
Learning Outcomes • Explain how to maximize brand equity across all the
different brands and products of the firm • Appreciate how a firm determines which brand
elements to choose to apply across the products it offers for sale (Branding Strategy or brand architecture)
• Explain brand terminologies and concepts such as brand architecture, brand-product matrix, brand portfolio, brand hierachy,
• Explain how cause marketing can build brand equity
11.3
Branding strategy
• Branding strategy is critical because it is the means by which the firm can help consumers understand its products and services and organize them in their minds.
• Two important strategic tools: The brand-product matrix and the brand hierarchy help to characterize and formulate branding strategies by defining various relationships among brands and products.
11.4
Branding Strategy or Brand Architecture
• The branding strategy for a firm reflects the number and nature of common or distinctive brand elements applied to the different products sold by the firm.
– Which brand elements can be applied to which products and the nature of new and existing brand elements to be applied to new products
11.5
The role of Brand Architecture
• Clarify: brand awareness – Improve consumer understanding and
communicate similarity and differences between individual products
• Motivate: brand image – Maximize transfer of equity to/from the brand to
individual products to improve trial and repeat purchase
11.6
Brand-Product Matrix
• Must define:– Brand-Product relationships (rows)
• Line and category extensions
– Product-Brand relationships (columns)• Brand portfolio
1 2 3 4
A
B
C
Products
Brands
11.7
Important Definitions
• Product line– A group pf products within a product category
that are closely related
• Product mix (product assortment)– The set of all product lines and items that a
particular seller makes available to buyers
• Brand mix (brand assortment)– The set of all brand lines that a particular seller
makes available to buyers
11.8
Breadth of a Branding Strategy• Breadth of product mix– Aggregate market factors– Category factors– Environmental factors
• Depth of product mix– Examining the percentage of sales and profits
contributed by each item in the product line – Deciding to increase the length of the product line
by adding new variants or items typically expands market coverage and therefore market share but also increases costs
11.9
Depth of a Branding Strategy
• The number and nature of different brands marketed in the product class sold by a firm
• Referred to as brand portfolio• The reason is to pursue different market
segments, different channels of distribution, or different geographic boundaries
• Maximize market coverage and minimize brand overlap
11.10
Ford Brand Portfolio
11.11
Designing a Brand Portfolio
• Basic principles:– Maximize market coverage so that no potential
customers are being ignored– Minimize brand overlap so that brands aren’t
competing among themselves to gain the same customer’s approval
11.12
Brand Roles in the Portfolio
• Flankers• Cash cows• Low-end entry-level• High-end prestige brands
11.13
Brand Hierarchy
• A means of summarizing the branding strategy by displaying the number and nature of common and distinctive brand elements across the firm’s products, revealing the explicit ordering of brand elements
• A useful means of graphically portraying a firm’s branding strategy
11.14
Brand Hierarchy Tree: Toyota
Toyota Corporation
Toyota(Trucks)
Toyota(SUV/vans)
LexusToyotaFinancialServices
Toyota(Cars)
Corolla PriusAvalon Celica ECHO MatrixMR2
SpyderCamry
CESLE
SELEXLE
Platinum EditionXLXLS
SESLE
11.15
Brand Hierarchy Levels
Family Brand (Buick)
Corporate Brand (General Motors)
Modifier: Item or Model (Ultra)
Individual Brand (Park Avenue)
11.16
Corporate Brand Equity
• Occurs when relevant constituents hold strong, favorable, and unique associations about the corporate brand in memory
• Encompasses a much wider range of associations than a product brand
11.17
Family Brands
• Brands applied across a range of product categories
• An efficient means to link common associations to multiple but distinct products
11.18
Individual Brands
• Restricted to essentially one product category• There may be multiple product types offered
on the basis of different models, package sizes, flavors, etc.
11.19
Modifiers
• Signals refinements or differences in the brand related to factors such as quality levels, attributes, functions, etc.
• Plays an important organizing role in communicating how different products within a category that share the same brand name are
11.20
Corporate Image Dimensions• Corporate product attributes, benefits or attitudes– Quality– Innovativeness
• People and relationships– Customer orientation
• Values and programs– Concern with the environment– Social responsibility
• Corporate credibility– Expertise– Trustworthiness– Likability
11.21
Brand Hierarchy Decisions
• The number of levels of the hierarchy to use in general
• How brand elements from different levels of the hierarchy are combined, if at all, for any one particular product
• How any one brand element is linked, if at all, to multiple products
• Desired brand awareness and image at each level
11.22
Number of Hierarchy Levels• Principle of simplicity– Employ as few levels as possible
• Principle of clarity– Logic and relationship of all brand elements
employed must be obvious and transparent
11.23
Levels of Awareness and Associations
• Principle of relevance– Create global associations that are relevant across
as many individual items as possible• Principle of differentiation– Differentiate individual items and brands
11.24
Linking Brands at Different Levels
• Principle of prominence– The relative prominence of brand elements affects
perceptions of product distance and the type of image created for new products
11.25
Linking Brands Across Products
• Principle of commonality– The more common elements shared by products,
the stronger the linkages
11.26
Brand Architecture Guidelines
• Adopt a strong customer focus• Avoid over-branding• Establish rules and conventions and be
disciplined• Create broad, robust brand platforms• Selectively employ sub-brands as means of
complementing and strengthening brands• Selectively extend brands to establish new
brand equity and enhance existing brand equity
11.27
Corporate Brand Campaign
• Different objectives are possible:– Build awareness of the company and the nature of its
business– Create favorable attitudes and perceptions of company
credibility– Link beliefs that can be leveraged by product-specific
marketing– Make a favorable impression on the financial community– Motivate present employees and attract better recruits– Influence public opinion on issues
11.28
Using Cause Marketing to Build Brand Equity
• The process of formulating and implementing marketing activities that are characterized by an offer from the firm to contribute a specified amount to a designated cause when customers engage in revenue-providing exchanges that satisfy organizational and individual objectives
11.29
Advantages of Cause Marketing
• Building brand awareness• Enhancing brand image• Establishing brand credibility• Evoking brand feelings• Creating a sense of brand community• Eliciting brand engagement
11.30
Green Marketing
• A special case of cause marketing that is particularly concerned with the environment
• Explosion of environmentally friendly products and marketing programs
11.31
Crisis Marketing Guidelines
• The two keys to effectively managing a crisis are that the firm’s response should be swift and that it should be sincere.
Key Points 1. Branding strategy is important as a means of enabling
consumers to understand and connect with the brand, since it can help consumers organize a company’s products and services in their minds.
2. Designing a brand strategy involves decisions regarding the number of levels to use, how brand elements at different levels will be combined for a given product, and how brand elements will be linked to multiple products.
3. Each successive level in a brand hierarchy allows the firm to communicate additional, specific information about products.
4. In general, associations for a higher-level brand should be relevant to as many brands below it as possible, while brands at the same level should be as differentiated as possible.
Tutorial
1. Assign students the task of identifying pairs of competing brands with different branding strategies
2. Contrast the branding strategies and brand portfolios of market leaders in two different industries