Design vs. Doubt: Design Thinking + Science Communication
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Transcript of Design vs. Doubt: Design Thinking + Science Communication
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Design vs. Doubt: Design Thinking + Science Communication
Jennifer Briselli @jbriselli
#DTSciComm
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the more things change…
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1923
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2016
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1902
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2016
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2006
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2016
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the more they stay the same.
the more things change…
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human beings are still human.
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“”The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.
Isaac Asimov
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so, the problem with science communication must be…
people are in denial
people are misinformed people are irrational
the problem is…
prove scientific consensus, out-reason them all!
more facts! better education! science literacy!
let’s just ignore them… maybe they’ll disappear.
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…that’s not how it works.
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Denial?
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24 reject global warming
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hierarchical
egalitarian
communitarianindividualist
gun control
HPV vaccine
compulsory health measures
evolution
climate changenuclear power
abortion
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“Cultural Cognition of Scientific Consensus”
Fictitious“experts”&two versionsof each expert’s article
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Asked participants: “Is this a knowledgeable and credible expert on…”
respondents who agree the author is an expert:
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People generally trust science; but our perceptions of scientific expertise and policy implications are colored by our values.
Denial
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Misinformation?
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“How much risk do you think climate change poses?”
perceived risk
science literacy
egalitarian communitarian
hierarchical individualist
Prediction:better informed
more agreementwith consensus
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“How much risk do you think climate change poses?”
perceived risk
science literacy
egalitarian communitarian
hierarchical individualist
Result: for some, better educated
more polarized views opposing consensus
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Overcoming a knowledge deficit or debunking misinformation doesn’t guarantee a change in attitudes or behavior.Misinformation
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Irrational?
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“All that stuff I was taught about evolution and embryology and the big bang theory, all that is lies straight from the pit of Hell.”
Rep. Paul Broun R-GA & member the House Science Committee2007-2015
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There is far too much information in the world for a human to process, so we offload some of that processing through
identity-protective (“cultural”) cognition
which prompts us to align our perceptions with trusted or symbolic sources within our own social in-groups
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Rationality ≠ accuracy. Identity-protective cognition is perfectly rational. It helps us make sense of the world, though it leads to errant perceptions of science & risk.
Irrational
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maybe this is a rhetoric design problem
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“”Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones.
Herbert Simon
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how do you design for people who don’t already agree with you?
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“”Wherever there is design,there is rhetoric.
Kenneth Burke
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human-centereddesign
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
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communitarianindividualist
Interference from outsiders limits
personal freedom.
Collective assistance and welfare
structures hold us back.
Freedom and competition lead to
human resourcefulness and
innovation.
People should fend for themselves and leave others alone.
Human interaction and compassion are important.
People have a responsibility to take care of each other.
Collaboration and solidarity make
strong, safe communities.
Everyone should be willing to both help
and depend on others.
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hierarchical
egalitarian
It’s ok to acknowledge and even emphasize
differences.It’s ok to distribute wealth and
duty according to class or expertise.
Roles should be differentiated in a traditional manner.
Policy and social conventions should support traditional hierarchies and
stability.
Discrimination is harmful.
Everyone deserves equal representation in duty and fair distribution of wealth.
Everyone should have access; non-traditional roles
are ok.Everyone should be allowed to participate; diversity is
good.
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
gun control
HPV vaccine
compulsory health measures
evolution
climate changenuclear power
abortion
Perceived as Risks
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
most people
extreme stereotypes
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
What about you?
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Empathy ≠ endorsement.
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✓
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
AffirmingThreatening
harsh criticism of traditional roles & industry
unrestricted competition, threats to social supports
interference, constraints on personal freedoms
denial of participation, access, status
stability, authority, expertise
collaboration, community, stewardship
resourcefulness, independence, privacy
equality, access, participation
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
Harsh criticism of traditional roles &
industry
Unrestricted competition, threats to social supports
Interference, constraints on personal
freedoms
Denial of participation, access, status
Avoid:
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
stability, authority, expertise
collaboration, community, stewardship
resourcefulness, independence,
privacy
equality, access, participation
Highlight:
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case study: vaccination
Why should I? communitarian & egalitarianWhy would I? hierarchical & individualistWhy wouldn’t I? debunking & de-biasing
Will I? choice
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What resonated most?
“”The part about vaccines being a _________.
I never thought about it that way.
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✓✓✓✓✓
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One More Study:
Participants read an editorial story with specific framing:
anti-pollution or geo-engineering.
Then, they all read the same neutral, statistics-based article about climate change.
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communitarianindividualist
hierarchical
egalitarian
“Climate change is a very real threat to our planet and our way
of life!”
“Climate change isn’t a thing.”
Usually:
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The anti-pollution priming story accentuated conventional anti-commerce and anti-technology themes.
Hierarchical-Individualists find these values threatening;they discounted the statistics in the second article & expressedeven stronger climate change denial.
The geo-engineering priming story accentuated themes like human ingenuity and entrepreneurial spirit overcoming natural limits on commerce.
Hierarchical-Individualists find these values affirming; they accepted the statistics in the second article & expressedstronger acceptance of climate change as a threat we should act on.
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Framing climate change messaging with identity-affirming meanings can mitigate resistance & polarization.
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TL;DR
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Judge less, design more.