Design Trends:Design Trends: Survey of Innovative Wood Building

S tSystemsGiving you tools to think outside the BOX!

Lisa Podesto, PENational Building Systems Director

WoodWorks - West

Continuing Education

Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Credit earned onInstitute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on requestavailable on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or , yconstrued to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Registration no. 1

Learning Objectives

1. To apply traditional wood construction techniques in new ways to improve the structural yefficiency.

2. To realize wood applications for structural techniques commonly used with other materials.

3. To learn about unique wood systems that utilize pre-fabrication techniques to reduce waste and construction time while improving quality.

4 T di d d t d h th4. To discover new wood products and how they can be used in your next project.

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,

di t ib ti di l d f th t tidistribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

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© The Wood Products Council 2010

Where does INNOVATION come from?

Rethinking Traditional ConstructionMid-Ply

Shearwalls Post Frame Trussed Shear walls

Heavy Timber Multi-story

New Applications for Existing Techniques

y

pp g qPost Tensioned Timber

FrameHeavy Timber Braced

Frame Solid Wood Core

Pre-fabricationStructural f Composite f CStructural

Insulated Panels Panelized Roofs Composite Floors Life Cycle Tower

New Engineered ProductsFiber Reinforced Polymers with

Wood Cross Laminated Timber

Rethinking Traditional Construciton

Mid-ply shearwalls Post Frame

Rethinking Traditional

Heavy Timber

Construction

Trussed ShearwallsHeavy Timber

Multi-Story

Mid-Ply Shearwalls

4-storey residential building in Vancouver Midply used in corridor and party walls Steel rods used to resist up-lift forces

Concept of Midply Shearwall

Standard shear wall2x4 studs Sheathing

Stud spaced at 16” o.c.

16” 16” 16”Drywall/Sheathing

Sheathing on one or both sides of the studs Sheathing fastened to the narrow face of framing members

MidplyTM shear wall Cladding/SheathingSheathing

24” 24”

Drywall/Sheathing Sheathing at the center of the wall and possibly at faces as well Stud rotated 90 degree to those in standard shearwall Sheathing fastened to the wide face of framing members through

stud and sheathing and into stud on the other side

Drywall/Sheathing

How do Mid-Ply Shearwalls work

Nails work in double shear thus increasing the lateral load capacity

Greater edge distance panel

Sheathing Stud or

Plate Greater edge distance - panel

chip out failure is reduced

Nail head away from panel Grain 89 mm

Stud or 38 mm 38 mm

y psurface - nail pull through failure is prevented Nail in

single shear Nail in double shear

direction Plate

Capable of accommodating additional sheathing

Midply Walls used in NEESWood ProjectNail spacing 3” in 1 – 3 stories 4” in 4th storey 6” in 5th storey

Framing 2 x 4 lumber for top and bottom2 x 4 lumber for top and bottom

plates 2 x 6 lumber intermediate studs 2 x 8 lumber for end studs

A total of fourteen 2 x 8 studs were used at the ends of the wall to meet theused at the ends of the wall to meet the bearing capacity of plates

Post Frame Construciton

FeaturesFeatures Wood side wall posts Pitched Trusses Wide bay spacing (8ft +) Large clear spans (100 ft+) Embedded wood posts or concrete piers

Concept of Post Frame

Innovative foundation

Asphalt and polyethylene wrap Poured-in-place concrete pierePoured in place concrete piere Blow-molded platic Pre-cast reinforce concrete columns HDPE plastic barrier Polyethylene post sleeve

More informaiton:www postframeadvantage comwww.postframeadvantage.com

Where is the innovation?

Large roof overhangs Large openings/Tall walls

Requiring non-structural infillRequiring non-structural infill

Stilt buildings/ Towersg

Rethinking Traditional Construction

Trussed shear walls 20% less waste More suited for BIM modeledMore suited for BIM modeled

projects Faster erection times ICC reports exist for this

technology

More informaiton:www.sbcmag.info/archive/20www.sbcmag.info/archive/20

10/aug/1008.pdf

Rethinking Traditional Construction

6 stories for Occupancy B, F-2, H-4, S-2

Type IV allows for 1 2 stories

Multi-story Heavy Timber

Type IV allows for 1-2 stories more than Type VA and higher allowable areas than Type III

Triggers some challenging design parameters fordesign parameters for acoustics and MEP

Heavy Timber Office Building – Seattle WA Rethinking Traditional Construction

Existing Techniques – New Applications

P t T i d Ti b H Ti b B dPost Tensioned Timber Frames

Heavy Timber Braced Frames

New Applications for Existing Techniques

S lid W d C

Techniques

Solid Wood Core

Concept of Post Tensioned Timber Frames

Why can’t we do this with wood?Why can t we do this with wood?

Testing of Post Tensioned Timber Frames How Post Tension Timber Frames work

Conclusion - Promising Technology

Post tensioning solves the problem of moment connections for Heavy Timber

Rapid erectionp Light weight Low environmental footprint compared to steel and

concreteconcrete Earthquake resistant

Concept of Heavy Timber Braced Frames (HTBF)

Why does steel have a monopoly on the braced frame vertical/lateral resisting gsystem market?

How to design a HTBF Simpson Strong Tie Materials Demo Lab – 1st approved HTBF approved under 2007 CBC and ASCE7-05

SEAOC 2010 Convention paper: http://www.arce.calpoly.edu/news-events/documents/heavy-timber-braced-events/documents/heavy timber bracedframes.pdf

Structure Magazine Article: http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=1221

Existing Techniques – New Applications

What about using the core to resist lateral forces?

What if theWhat if the core was solid timber?solid timber?

Pre-fabrication

Structural Insulated Panels Panelized Roofs

Pre-FabricationFabrication

Hybrid Floors Life Cycle Tower

Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)

Now can be used in SDC D, E and F!ICC appro ed ith NTS reportICC approved with NTS report

Panelized Roofs

Construction Savings:B t i l ti $0 50 $ 75/ f• Bat insulation saves $0.50‐$.75/sfover rigid

• Using sloped ledgers instead of crickets at parapet sa es oncrickets at parapet saves on expensive labor

• Roof penetrations are less expensive to frame and flash ~expensive to frame and flash ~ 60% savings per penetration 

• Speed of erection = 1/3 less erection time of conventional anderection time of conventional and all steel

• Safer construction methods

Panelized Roofs Concept of HBV floor panels

Composite action – reinforced concrete and wood

Off lt ti f Offers alternatives for: Reinforced-concrete floors Conventional steel composite

systems y Flexural and two-way load

bearing planks Pre-stressed steel concrete

hollow box floorhollow box floor

Advantages of HBV

Cost Effective System ...... in comparison to conventional massive reinforced concrete floor systems

or conventional wooden floors in similar application level

Natural Aesthetics and Design Flexibility ...... on the basis of versatility of the renewable basic wooden materials

Low Weight ...compared with massive reinforced concrete floorlevel

Shorter Construction Times ...... higher degree of pre-fabrication and structural works = construction

(formwork is used as support link and at the same time as conventional wooden floor)

... compared with massive reinforced concrete floor Rigid and Ductile Composite ...

... between the wood and concrete on the basis of the embedded

HBV-Shear ConnectorsCapitalization of the Specific Materialtime as conventional wooden floor)

Versatility for Static System Approaches ...... through the design possibilities for single-span structure, multiple

load bearing and cantilever systems Outstanding Physical Characteristics ...

Capitalization of the Specific Material Characteristics ...... through the pressure load of the concrete slab as well as the tension from the wooden cross section in static single-span system

Free Interior DesignOutstanding Physical Characteristics ...... in term of vibration characteristics, flammability (F 90B),

sound insulation and room acoustic. Small Distortion ...

... compared with structures without

Free Interior Design ...... with span distance of up to 15m (no support pillars or intermediate

walls necessary) More Pleasant Room Atmosphere ...

that is to say a higher surface temperature for thepcomposite properties

Higher System Rigidity and Strength ...... through the rigid effect of the concrete slab (diaphragm action)

... that is to say a higher surface temperature for the floor, and equalization

of the room moisture through the wooden floor.

Where can HBV be used?

Post tensioned frames Cross Laminated TimberCross Laminated Timber Life Cycle Tower Stick framed

Concept of Life Cycle Tower

CREE designed structure to be built in Dornbirn, Austria

30 stories 30 sto estallest timber structure in the world

Passivhous standardAll components local and prefabricated

Adaptive facade

Newly Engineered Products

Fiber Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Glulam Beams Wood Structural

Panels

New Engineered

Products

Cross Laminated

Products

Timber

Fiber Reinforce Polymers (FRP) used in wood construction

Tension reinforced GlulamFRP i f d h ll FRP reinforced shearwalls

Blast Resistant technology

Concept of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Glulam

Unreinforced (0%) 1% GFRP 2% GFRP 3% GFRP

6.75" x 52-1/2" DF with 6 75" x 0 525"

6.75" x 45" DF with 6 75" x 0 9" GFRP

6.75" x 43-1/2" DF with 6 75" x 1 3"with 6.75 x 0.525

GFRP on tension face

6.75 x 0.9 GFRP on tension face

with 6.75 x 1.3 GFRP on tension face

6.75" x 66" DF

How can FRP Glulams can be used?

Currently approved for bridge applications in AASHTO

LRFD Bridge Design Specifications: Section 8, Various ArticlesArticles

Modification to adjustment factors 8.4.4.5 Volume factor 8.4.4.2 Format conversion

factor 8.4.4.3 Wet service factor

8.4.1.3 Tension-Reinforced Glulams defined Type of reinforcement (FRP,

t l t )steel, etc.) Design values determined via

ASTM D7199 (ReLam meets the requirements therein)the requirements therein)

Concept FRP reinforced shearwalls

F il M d DiffConventional OSB

Failure Mode Differences

• Single nail curvature • Edge tear failure• Less ductileLess ductile• Lower strength

• Double nail curvature

AOSB

• More ductile• 90% nail pull-out• 39% stronger

5

• 39% stronger• 249% tougher

Concept FRP reinforced shearwalls

AOSB panels increase diaphragm load and displacement capacity with code minimum nail edge distance (9.5mm)p y g ( )

Strength increase appears dependent on nail spacing 27% increase with 100mm spacing

11% i ith 150 i 11% increase with 150mm spacing

AOSB panels increase energy absorption through bending of the nails (double curvature)of the nails (double curvature)

Within the range of nail spacings considered, allowable load increases follow strength increases

AOSB panels provide as much capacity as the framing, tie-downs, and the sheathing nails will allow

FRP use in Blast Resistant testing

BeforeBefore

AfterAfter

Bl t T ti R ltBlast Testing Results

Concept of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)

Photos provided by FPInnovations

How does CLT work?

Benefits of CLT

Speed of Erection Overall Performance

S i i ( ft t ) Seismic (no soft story) Acoustic Vibrations Fire

Sustainable Benefits Carbon footprint Low embodied energy Tight building envelope (highTight building envelope (high

energy efficiency) little waste

C t C titi Cost Competitive

Murray Grove –Tallest Modern Mixed Use Timber Structure

London infill project29 flats (mixed affordable and private)

Ground floor office4x less weight than precast concrete

~1/2 the construction time of precast concreteSaves 300 metric tons of CO2

21 years of energy usage for the building21 years of energy usage for the building9 stories built in 9 weeks

THE BRIEF Open Academy, Norwich – Largest CLT Structure

9,500 m2 (102,257 ft2) secondary school3500 m3 of timber

2700 tons of CO2 stored2700 tons of CO2 stored10 years of energy usage for the building

₤20 million17 weeks to construct

Imagine what you can do?

UBC Earth Science Building

Timber Braced Frames

Hybrid Floors Heavy Timber Multi-

storystory CLT Roof

QUESTIONS???QUESTIONS???www woodworks orgwww.woodworks.org

Lisa Podesto, P.E., M.S.

Senior Technical Director

lisa@woodworks.org

Phone: 530 596 4031| Cell: 530 520 7966Phone: 530 596 4031| Cell: 530 520 7966