Design Quad

8/11/2019 Design Quad

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Task: Design Parameters of Area Elements

2014 / 1 Design Area Elements





Main reinforcement = direction local x-axis

Transverse reinforcement = direction local y-axis

In BEMESS both the directions of thereinforcement layers and the terms ’upper’ and’lower’ are oriented at the local coordinatesystems; ’lower’ is at the side of positive z axis.





Minimum reinforcementimportant for SLS design

Maximum reinforcementfor non linear analysis only



Task – Design ULS – area elements




Task – Design ULS – Punching Check




Results – ULS Design




Task – Design SLS – Area Elements




Task – Design SLS – area elements




Design ULS – Prestressed Elements

2013 / 9 Design

3 tendons with distance of 1.40 m

Cross section 4,0 m x 1,0 mmodelled with QUAD elements of1,0 m thickness

The influence of every singletendon will be distributed by atriangular shape with

2 * 2.0 * QUAD-thickness




REINFORCEMENT ACC. TO EN 1992-1-1(DK) in [cm2/m] at nodes upper/lower

General load safety factor - as defined in BEMESS: Gamma-f = 1.00

Shear: stresses VEd/d and VRd,ct/d with d=effective depth = h-hm

Shear index 2m = minimum shear reinforcement

Group 1 NODE LC MAT GEO h Reinforcement dphi Shr VEd/d Ass

Grp No No No No [m] main cross dir deg zon [MPa] [cm2/m2]

MBW VRd,ct/d

1 607 2122 1 1 1.00 2.65 13.25 90 90 1 0.273

2 90 0.620

lever arm for upper reinforcm =0.901 for lower =0.939 [m]

upside lay. 1|2=0.907 |0.894 bottom lay. 1|2=0.945 |0.933 [m]

Angle of main shear force to x axis = 178.4 [°]

Normal force in direction of main shear force = -1708. [kN/m]

Bending moment in direction of main shear = -1562. [kN/m]

- -> upper reinf. is taken for tension reinf. ro:

Tension reinf. in direction of main shear force 13.25 [cm2/m]

V_design= 261.77 VRD1= 594.28 VRD2= 4012.6 [kN/m] ro= 0.14

-----------------------------------------------------------------

maximum 5.65 13.25 90 1 0.273

incl.shear ro_v 5.65 5.65 90 0.620

Explanations shear state Shr zon:

1 = check without necessary shear reinforcement

2 = shear reinforcement required

m = minimum shear reinforcement

2013 / 10 Design




Reinforcement reduction due to tendon stress increase

element/node LC layer nten az z depsz dsigz ZZ delta_as

[cm2/m] [m] [o/oo] [MPa] [m] [cm2/m]

NODE 607 2122 top 2 3 18.02 -0.311 17.118 196.85 0.747 6.51:

nstr = number of acting tendons in element influence radius

az = per m distributed active prestressed tendon steel area

(AZ distributed triangle wise on 2.0*element thickness right+left)

z = averaged local z coordinate (measured from element center line)

depsz = averaged increase of tendon strain

dsigz = applied increase of stress in prestressed tendon steel, limited to

fym/gammas - sigp0 with fym=0.5*(fyc+ft) and sigp0=prestress stress

ZZ = averaged lever arm of tendons

delta_as = maximum reinforcement reduction due to tendon stress increase

2013 / 11 Design

Distributed tendon steel area in node 607

= 22,50 ²

2 + 2 ∙

22,50

2 ∙

200 − 140

200 = 18,0 ²

Node 607 centre of cross section

_ = 18,0 ∙ 196,85

5251,15

∙ 0,747

0,894 = 6,49 ²

Ratio of lever arm tendonover reinforcement steel

Reinforcement steelstress according to straindistribution




2013 / 12 Design

App!"# !$%&"'(" )* (&"(( !$ p&"(&"(("# "$#)$ (""DSIGZ !$ )#" 607

'-. =0,5 ∙ 1520,00 + 1770,00

1,15− 12/4,/9 = 14/0,4/ − 12/4,/9 = 196,05



RC-Bridge Example: Check Stresses

2013 / 13 Design

File: quad design\rc-bridge.sofistik

Design Quad

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