DELPHI Design ProjectEngineering Design 100 -004

Cotton Headed Ninny Muggins submitted to:

Date submitted: December 10, 2017

By: James Perotti - jap6212@psu.edu

Muchen Li- mkl5520@psu.edu

Patrick Johnson - puj24@psu.edu

Jason Soma - jds60@psu.edu

Sam Schultz - szs6236@psu.edu

Index:

Executive Summary........................................................................................................... 3

Introduction......................................................................................................................3

Customer Needs................................................................................................................ 4

External Research............................................................................................................. 5

Product Description............................................................................................................7

Concept Generation.......................................................................................................... 8

Concept Selection............................................................................................................. 9

Design............................................................................................................................. 10

Conclusion...................................................................................................................... 11

References......................................................................................................................12

Executive Summary:

The Automobile is a necessity in the daily life of an American. Many improvements have

been made since the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first modern car in the world that was

made over a hundred years ago, such as air bag and Blind Spot Monitoring System. Nowadays,

cars are evolving toward being safer, greener and and more connected. The assignment of our

team was to come up with a plausible solution to achieve the vision of safe and connected

electric cars. We began by doing some background research on existing car technologies

and then focused on improving connectivity. By comparing current car examples we were

able to generate our own product. Using the AHP and concept selection matrix we developed

our final design, which was organized and presented to our sponsor Delphi Technologies.

Introduction:

Today’s scientific advancements, technologies’ capabilities are nearly infinite. Delphi

challenged us to create a green, connective, and autonomous car. Given the presence of global

warming and man-made traffic and accidents, creating a green, connective, and autonomous

car will save consumers money and the atmosphere of carbon emissions. In order to maximize

all aspects of Delphi’s request, we decided to create something connective because

connectivity is inherent in autonomous and semi-autonomous cars and can help with carbon

emissions. A major key to creating connective cars is assuring a ubiquity in the product.

Communication between cars is only as good as how many cars have the technology to

communicate. Marketing our product was also a paramount part of our decision making for

the reasons priorly stated. Our ultimate goal is to eliminate accidents and make driving a swift,

easy, and stress free experience for the future.

Customer Needs Analysis:

Our team was tasked by Delphi to create a product that helps improve at least one of

Delphi’s three areas of concern; Green, Safe and Connected. Delphi is a company that works

towards making zero fatalities and zero emissions a reality for cars primarily by making cars

fully electric and completely autonomous. After being tasked with this project we began by

doing an in-depth analysis on what Delphi wanted in our product, specifically looking at what

each of its three target areas really mean.

Delphi aims to have zero fatalities and zero injuries. They aim to achieve this by

including proactive safety features that prevent crashes all together instead of reactive safety

features such as safety bags.

With global warming and greenhouse gas emissions becoming more and more of a

problem, cars are becoming more energy efficient and ultimately moving towards being fully

electric. Delphi aims to make cars better for the environment. This is not limited to electric

engines, but by other methods that make the car more fuel efficient either by making cars

weigh less or making them smarter. The materials used are also a major concern as cars often

include materials that cause a lot of damage to the environment to manufacture.

Vehicles of the future are going to have thousands of different technologies working at

the same time. The goal is to make all these technologies connected, working seamlessly

together to improve the driving experience. In addition, cars would also begin to be connected

together. Delphi is looking for technologies that make the driver’s and passenger's experience

better but by limiting distractions for the driver.

External Research:

We decided that our team would focus on connectivity, specifically looking at vehicle to

vehicle communication, so we began by researching different technologies that are currently

being developed to make cars more connected to each other. Many major companies including

BMW, Ford, Cadillac, Volvo, and Audi have been studying and improving upon connected

technologies since the early 2000s. Mainly they have zeroed in on vehicle to vehicle

connectivity and vehicle to infrastructure connectivity. Vehicle to infrastructure works through

wireless access points that are built into infrastructure along roadways. Cars communicate their

position, speed, acceleration, along with other vital data to infrastructure which in return sends

this information to satellite in space. From there the information is sent to a database before

being transmitted back to vehicles on the road.

Vehicle to vehicle connectivity works in a similar manner but takes out the middleman

(infrastructure). Cars transmit key data through their antennae to the antennae of other cars.

This information is then stored in a database, such as a cloud, before being displayed within

peoples cars (i.e. dashboard) and being sent back out to surrounding vehicles. This information

travels through radio signals known as Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) that have

an approximate range of 300 meters, or about eight car lengths. In 2004, the United States

Government set up a 5.9 GHz band with a bandwidth of 75 MHz specifically for Intelligent

Transportation Systems (ITS) such as V2V communication. DSRC’s are especially beneficial

because they have low latency, sending and receiving signals within two one hundredths of a

second, have very low interference because they only operate within a limited range, and

perform very well in inclimate weather conditions. Because of these key benefits along with

the high cost associated with vehicle to infrastructure technology we decided that our product

would focus specifically on vehicle to vehicle communication through the use of radio signals.

Within the last year cars such as the 2017 Cadillac SRT have taken advantage of DSRC along

with GPS in order to improve their communication. This technology is rapidly developing and

car company researchers are continuing to evaluate new alternatives in order to implement the

fastest, safest, and most connected system into their vehicles.

Product Description:

The product connects vehicles to vehicles, this vehicle to vehicle connectivity works

through radio signals called Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC)

Vehicle to vehicle communication will allow cars to function as a system rather than

individuals. This will reduce traffic, emissions, save money, and prevent accidents. The Radio

signal receiver will work via the car's OBD II port, which all cars manufactured since 1996 have.

Concept Generation:

After analyzing Delphi’s needs and conducting our research into their key areas of

Green, Connected and Safe, we decided we would focus our product on connecting cars. We

realized that by focusing on this area it would also have a profound effect on cars being greener

and safer as well. We decided that our product should connect a car's sensors (ie. fuel

consumption, speed, etc.) and location (GPS) to provide valuable information that could then

be accessed to numerous drivers not just one. Once we had a direction of where we wanted to

take our project we needed to create a system to rate our different designs and we did this by

using an AHP Matrix.

AHP Matrix

Selection Criteria

Cost

Ease of Use

Portability

Subtleness

Durability

Marketability

Total Weight

Cost 1 0.5 0.5 0.33 1 0.33 3.66333 0.08141

3 9

Ease of Use 2 1 2 0.5 2 1 8.5 0.188917

Portability 2 0.5 1 0.5 2 0.5 6.5 0.144466

Subtleness 3 2 2 1 2 2 12 0.266706

Durability 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 0.33 3.83 0.085124

Marketability

3 1 2 0.5 3 1 10.5 0.233368

Grand Total 44.99333

Concept Selection:

We knew what we wanted our product to do we just had to establish how our product

would connect to the cars sensors and then connect to other drivers. So we focused on

designing different ways this could be implemented and came up with three competing designs;

A usb connection, bluetooth and one that utilized a car’s OBD-II connector. We then ranked

these designs to determine which would be the most beneficial in a concept selection matrix.

Concept Selction Matrix

Concept A: USB Concept B: Bluetooth

Concept C: OBD-II

Selection Criteria

Weight

Rating Weighted Score

Rating

Weighted Score

Rating

Weighted Score

Cost 8.14% 3 0.244258388

2 0.162838925

3 0.244258388

Ease of Use 18.89 4 0.75566751 4 0.75566751 4 0.75566751

% 2 2 2

Portability 14.45%

4 0.577863391

4 0.577863391

3 0.433397544

Subtleness 26.67%

3 0.800118542

3 0.800118542

4 1.066824723

Durability 8.51% 3 0.255371168

3 0.255371168

4 0.340494891

Marketability

23.34%

4 0.933471632

4 0.933471632

4 0.933471632

Score 3.566750634

3.485331171

3.774114689

Ranking

2 3 1

Cont.? no no yes

Design:

We decided that using the OBD-II port would be the most beneficial for a number of

reasons. Firstly, wanted something that was subtle and out of the way. This issue with using

USB or bluetooth is that the device would likely be noticeable around the console. This

ultimately would be an inconvenience to the driver since it would be in the way. Additionally it

would more likely be moved around or even lost. The OBD-II port on the other hand is hidden

underneath the steering wheel out of sight. By being hidden away it also means that it would

probably have a longer life span since it would not be moved around as much.

Conclusion:

Delphi tasked us with designing an improvement for automobiles that would improve

their safety, green, and connectivity. Our design not only improved on just communication, but

also the safety of vehicles on the road as well as how green they are. The design, taking

advantage of the OBD II port on cars is universal, sleek and functional. It works with any car

that has the port, which dates back to 1996, and connects cars on the road. With improved

communication among vehicles the number of crashes decreases significantly, fuel used

improves, which improves the environment, and we move closer and closer to autonomous

vehicles. We maximized this challenge by engineering a product that can excel in all three areas

we were tasked with improving. We created an extremely marketable, innovative, and efficient

tool for not just cars of the future or certain make, but all cars on the road. The goal of making

driving a safe, stress free and smooth experience in the future is coming faster than many may

realize.

References

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oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Are-Electric-Cars-As-Clean-As-They-Seem.html.

“All-Electric Vehicles.” www.fueleconomy.gov - the Official Government Source for Fuel Economy

Information, www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/evtech.shtml.

Heaps, Russ. “Self-Driving Cars: Some Semiautonomous Systems Carmakers Offer Today.” Self-Driving

Cars: Some Semiautonomous Systems Carmakers Offer Today, Autotrader, Dec. 2016,

www.autotrader.com/best-cars/self-driving-cars-some-semiautonomous-systems-carmakers-offer-

today-260069.

Nice, Karim, and Julia Layton. “How Hybrid Cars Work.” How Hybrid Cars Work , How Stuff Works,

20 July 2000, http://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htm.

"Reducing Pollution With Electric Vehicles | Department Of Energy." Energy.Gov, 2017,

https://energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/reducing-pollution-electric-vehicles.

"Toyota Prius: The World’s First Mass-Produced Hybrid Vehicle." Innovation Masters: History's Best

Examples of Business Transformation, edited by Miranda H. Ferrara and Michele P. LaMeau, Gale,

2012, pp. 341-344. Gale Virtual Reference Library,

ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/ps/i.do?

p=GVRL&sw=w&u=psucic&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE

%7CCX4019700095&asid=e373afa84ecc9d0cbae0a366a8ccdb92. Accessed 13 Nov. 2017.

Wakabayashi, Daisuke. “Waymo’s Autonomous Cars Cut Out Human Drivers in Road Tests.” The

New York Times, The New York Times, 7 Nov. 2017,

www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/technology/waymo-autonomous-cars.html.

Weiland, Jeruld. “How Safe Are Self-Driving Cars?” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 2 May

2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/how-safe-are-self-driving-

cars_us_5908ba48e4b03b105b44bc6b.

Wilmot, Stephen. “Investors Get Ready for the Coming Electric Car Revolution.” The Wall Street

Journal, Dow Jones & Company, 13 Dec. 2016, www.wsj.com/articles/mind-the-shock-as-auto-

investing-turns-electric-1481626699.