Design of Circular Concrete Tanks - Islamic...

The Islamic University of Gaza

Department of Civil Engineering

Design of Circular Concrete Tanks

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

1


Introduction Concrete tanks have been used extensively in municipal and

industrial facilities for several decades.

The design of these structures requires that attention be given

not only to strength requirements, but to serviceability

requirements as well.

A properly designed tank must be able to withstand the

applied loads without cracks that would permit leakage.

2


Introduction

The goal of providing a structurally sound tank that will not leak is

achieved by

Providing proper reinforcement and distribution.

Proper spacing and detailing of construction joints.

Use of quality concrete placed using proper construction

procedures.

3


Introduction

The report by ACI Committee 350 entitled Environmental

Engineering Concrete Structures is essential in understanding

the design of tanks.

4


ACI 350R-01 Report

This report presents recommendations for structural design,

materials, and construction of concrete tanks, reservoirs, and other

structures commonly used in water containment, industrial and

domestic water, and wastewater treatment works, where dense,

impermeable concrete with high resistance to chemical attack is

required.

5


Load Conditions

6

Loading Conditions

The tank may also be subjected to uplift forces from

hydrostatic pressure at the bottom when empty.

It is important to consider all possible loading conditions on

the structure.

Full effects of the soil loads and water pressure must be

designed for without using them to minimize the effects of

each other.

The effects of water table must be considered for the design

loading conditions.

7


Strength Design Method Modification 1 The load factor to be used for lateral liquid

pressure, F, is taken as 1.7 rather than the value of 1.4 specified

in ACI 318.

Modification 2 ACI 350-01 requires that the value of U be

increased by using a multiplier called the sanitary coefficient.

Required strength = Sanitary coefficient x U

where the sanitary coefficient equals:1.3 for flexure

1.65 for direct tension

1.3 for shear beyond that of the capacity provided by the Concrete.

8


Working Stress Design

ACI 350-01 implies in its document that the maximum

allowable stress for Grade 60 (4200 Kg/cm2) reinforcing steel is

2100 Kg/cm2 (0.5fy).

ACI 350 recommends the allowable stress in hoop tension for

Grade 60 (4200 Kg/cm2) reinforcing steel as is 1400 Kg/cm2

(fy/3).

9

Modification according to ACI 350-06

Load Combinations according to ACI318-08

1.4( )

1.2( ) 1.6( ) 0.5( )

1.2 1.6( ) (1.0 0.8 )

1.2 1.6 1.0 0.5( )

1.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.2

U D F

U D F T L H Lr or S or R

U D Lr or S or R L or W

U D W L Lr or S or R

U D F E H L S

U

0.9 1.2 1.6 1.6

0.9 1.2 1.0 1.6

D F W H

U D F E H

10


Load Combinations:

L = live loads, or related internal moments and force

Lr = roof live load, or related internal moments and forces

D = dead loads, or related internal moments and forces

E = load effects of earthquake, or related internal forces

R = rain load, or related internal moments and forces

S = snow load, or related internal moments and forces

H = loads due to weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or other

materials, or related internal moments and forces

F = loads due to weight and pressures of fluids with well-defined

densities and controllable maximum heights, or related internal

moments and forces

11

Durability Factor

Required strength environmental durability factor (Sd).

s is the permissible tensile stress in reinforcement

1.0

factored load:

unfactored load

Required Strength = factored load=

y

d

s

d d

fS

f

where

S S U


12


Modification according to ACI 350-06 Strength reduction factor shall be as follows:

Tension-controlled sections =0.90

Compression-controlled sections,

Members with spiral reinforcement =0.70

Other reinforced members =0.65

Shear and torsion =0.75

Bearing on concrete =0.65

13

Permissible Stresses

Direct and hoop tensile stresses

Normal environmental exposures

s = 20 ksi (138 Mpa 140Mpa)

Severe environmental exposures

s = 17 ksi (117 Mpa 120Mpa)

Shear stress carried by shear reinforcement


s = 24 ksi (165 Mpa)


s = 20 ksi (138 Mpa 140Mpa)


14

Shear Stress

Shear stress carried by the shear reinforcing is defined as the excess

shear strength required in addition to the design shear strength

provided by the concrete Vc

s d u cV S V V


15


Flexural stress



,max

22

32020ksi( 140Mpa) for one way members

4 2 2

24ksi(165Mpa)for two way members.

s

b

f

s d

The following simplified equation can be used

,max2

320

25sf

s

where:

1.2 for h 16 in (40cm).

1.35 for h < 16 in (40cm).

h c

d c

16s = center-to-center spacing of deformed bars



Flexural stress


17


Flexural stress



,max

22

260 17ksi( 120Mpa) for one way members

4 2 2

20ksi( 140Mpa) for two way members.

s

b

fs d

The following simplified equation can be used

,max2

260

25sf

s

s = center-to-center spacing of deformed bars

18



Flexural stress


19

Durability Factor

For tension-controlled sections and shear strength contributed by

reinforcement, in calculation of the Sd the effects of code-prescribed

load factors and factors can be eliminates and applies an effective

load factor equal to fy/fs with factors set to 1.0.

Multiply the unfactored loads by a uniform load factor equal to fy/fs≥1.0

Rey

s

fquired Strength Service Load

f


20

Wall Thickness

Typically, in the design of reinforced concrete members, the tensile

strength of concrete is ignored.

Any significant cracking in a liquid containing tank is unacceptable.

For this reason, it must be assured that the stress in the concrete from

ring tension is kept at minimum to prevent excessive cracking.

Neither ACI 350 or ACI 318 provide guidelines for the tension

carrying capacity for this condition.

The allowable tensile strength of concrete is usually between 7% an

12% of the compressive strength. A value of 10% of the concrete

strength will be used here.

According to ACI 350, reinforced cast in place concrete walls 3 meter

high or taller, which are in contact with liquid, shall have a minimum

thickness of 30 cm.

21

Wall Thickness

1m

εsh

εc

1m

• Shrinkage will shorten the 1-unit long block a

distance of εsh, which denotes the shrinkage per

unit length.

• The presence of the steel bar prevents some of the

shortening of the concrete εs < εsh

• The steel shortens a distance εs and accordingly is

subject to compressive stress fs, while concrete

will elongate a distance (εsh - εs ) and will subject

to tensile stress fct.

22

1m

εsh

εc

1m

sh s c

s sh c

Wall Thickness

ssh

s c

s sh

f f=

E E

f = f

ct

ss ct

c

EE

E

s sh

s s

s sh

f = f

A f = f

A f = f

s ct

c ct

s ct c ct

E n

A

E n A

23

1m

εsh

εc

1m

s sh s

sh

s

A = nA f

f =+nA

s c ct

s sct

c

ε E A

ε E A

A

Wall Thickness

s

sh

s

Tf =

+nA

T+f =

+nA

ct

c

s sct

c

A

ε E A

A

24

sh

sh

T+f

f =

100 +nf

f f=

100f f

s

sct

s

s s ct

s ct

Tε E

Tt

ε E nt T

For a rectangular section of 100 cm height and with t width, then

Ac= 100 t and As= T/fs

Wall Thickness

25

Wall Thickness

• The value of εsh ,coefficient of shrinkage for reinforced

concrete, is in the range of 0.0002 to 0.0004.

• The value of εsh for plain concrete ranges from 0.0003 to

0.0008.

However, this equation has traditionally used the value of 0.0003,

the average value for reinforced concrete, with success.

sh f f=

100f f

s s ct

s ct

ε E nt T

26

Example

For f c= 300 kg/cm2 and fy = 4200 kg/cm2, Es=2.04×106 kg/cm2

evaluate the wall thickness t necessary to prevent cracks resulting

from shrinkage plus tensile forces.

fct = 0.1(300) = 30 kg/cm2

fs= 4200/3 = 1400 kg/cm2

6

sh0.003(2.04 10 ) 1400 8 30f f

= 0.00042100f f 100 1400 30

s s ct

s ct

ε E nt T T T

215100 300 261540 / 8sc

c

EE kg cm n

E

where T is in kg

If T is in ton and t in cm

t= 0.42 T

where T is in tons. 27

The amount, size, and spacing of reinforcing bars has a great effect

on the extent of cracking.

The amount of reinforcement provided must be sufficient for

strength and serviceability including temperature and shrinkage

effects.

The designer should provide proper details to ensure that cracking

will occur at joints and that joints are properly leak proofed.

The size of reinforcing bars should be chosen recognizing that

cracking can be better controlled by using a larger number of small

diameter bars rather than fewer larger diameter bars.

Spacing of reinforcing bars should be limited to a maximum of 30

cm.

Reinforcement

28

Minimum concrete cover for reinforcement in the tank

wall should be at least 5cm.

The wall thickness should be sufficient to keep the

concrete from cracking. If the concrete does crack, the

ring steel must be able to carry all the ring tension alone.

In circular tanks, the location of horizontal splices should

be staggered. Splices should be staggered horizontally by

not less than one lap length or 90 cm and should not

coincide in vertical arrays more frequently than every

third bar.

Reinforcement

29


Reinforcement

30

Crack Control

95002.5

7560

c

s

s

Cf

S

f

ACI 318- 02

A more practical method which limit the maximum reinforcement spacing

after Cod 95

The Maximum Spacing S of reinforcement closest to the surface in tension

Where

Cc is the clear cover from the nearest surface of concrete in

tension zone to surface of flexural reinforcement.

31


Water Stop Details

32


Types of Wall JointsFree Joint (Sliding joint)

33


Types of Wall JointsFixed Joint (Continuous joint)

34


Types of Wall JointsHinged Joint

35

General Notes

For the sliding bottom edge, water pressure is fully resisted

by ring action without developing any bending moment or

shear.

For the hinged bottom edge, ring tension and maximum

moment take place at the middle part of the wall.

36

For the fixed bottom edge, the water pressure will be resisted

by ring action in the horizontal direction and cantilever action

in the vertical direction. The maximum ring and maximum

positive moment will be smaller than for the hinged bottom

edge, while relatively large negative moment will be induced

at the fixed bottom edge of the wall.

General Notes

37

In practice, it would be rare that the base would be fixed

against rotation and such an assumption could lead to an

improperly designed wall. It is more reasonable to

assume that the base is hinged rather than fixed, which

results in a more conservative design.

For walls monolithically cast with the floor it is

recommended to design the section at foot of the wall for

max. negative moment from the total fixation

assumption and max. positive moment and ring tension

from the hinged base assumption.

General Notes

38


Example 1

D=20m

5.5m

The open cylindrical reinforced

concrete tank is 5.5m deep and

20m in diameter. It is required to

determine the internal forces and

to design the wall for the following

cases:

• Bottom edge sliding

• Bottom edge hinged

• Bottom edge fixed

39

Example 1 Bottom edge Sliding

Point T force due to

water pressure

T= xR

0.0 H 0

0.1 H 5.5

0.2 H 11

0.3 H 16.5

0.4 H 22

0.5 H 27.5

0.6 H 33

0.7 H 38.5

0.8 H 44

0.9 H 49.5

1.0H 55

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Heig

ht

(*H

)

T ton/m

Ring Tension

max 1.0 5.5 10 55 /T HR t m

40


' 2 ' 5 2

2

6

min

min

100

0.1 30 / 15100 2.6 10 /

8

1400 /3

0.003 2.04 10 1400 8 300.42 ( / )

100 1400 30

0.42 55 23.0

U mise wall thickness t = 30 cm i u( n m m

sh s s ct

s ct

ct c c c

s

c

y

s

E f nft T

f f

f f kg cm E f kg cm

En

E

ff kg cm

t T T t m

t cm

Wall thickness ACI 350-06)

Wall Thickness

41


3 3 32

2

2

55 10 55 10 154 1040.8 /

0.9 4200 0.9 4200 0.9 4200

20.4 / (on each side of the wall)

use 14 14 mm at each side provided 21.

1.7 1.65 2

6

.8

/

us

y

TA cm m

f

cm m

cm m

32

2

2

1.7 1.65 27.5 1020.4 /

0.9 4200

10.2 / (on each side of the wall)

use 14 10 mm at each side provided 10.9 /

us

y

TA cm m

f

cm m

cm m

Horizontal Reinforcement ACI 350.01

At the bottom T=55 ton

At 0.5 H from the bottom T=27.5 ton

42


Horizontal Reinforcement Using ACI 350-06


3

2

2

factored load1.0

unfactored load

0.9 420(assuming normal environmen

1.4

1.97

1.4 2

tal exposures)1.4 138

55 55 152

152 104

.

0.2 /0.9 4200

20.1 /

use 14 1

7

4 mm a

6

y

d

s

y

d

s

U d

us

y

fS

f

fS

f

T S ton

TA cm m

f

cm m

2t each side provided 21.6 /cm m

43


Horizontal Reinforcement Using ACI 350-06


For tension-controlled sections and shear strength contributed by

reinforcement, in calculation of the Sd the effects of code-

prescribed load factors and factors can be eliminates and applies

an effective load factor equal to fy/fs with factors set to 1.0.

32

2

2

42055 55 55 165

140

165 1043.6 /

0.9 4200

21.8 /

use 15 14 mm at each side provided 23

3

/

y

U

s

us

y

fT ton

f

TA cm m

f

cm m

cm m

44

Example 1 Bottom edge hinged

Point Ring T

Coef. due

to water

Table A-5

T force due

to water

pressure

B. Moment

coef. due to

water A-7

B. Moment

due to water

A-7

0.0 H -0.008 -0.44 0 0

0.1 H 0.114 6.27 0 0

0.2 H 0.235 12.925 0.0001 0.016638

0.3 H 0.356 19.58 0.0006 0.099825

0.4 H 0.469 25.795 0.0016 0.2662

0.5 H 0.562 30.91 0.0034 0.565675

0.6 H 0.617 33.935 0.0057 0.948338

0.7 H 0.606 33.33 0.008 1.331

0.8 H 0.503 27.665 0.0094 1.563925

0.9 H 0.294 16.17 0.0078 1.297725

1.0H 0 0 0 0

From Table A-5 T=Coef.×HR= Coef. ×(1)(5.5)(10) t/m

From Table A-7 M=Coef.×H3= Coef. ×(1)*(5.5)3 t.m/m

2 25.55

20 0.3

H

Dt

45


46

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-10 0 10 20 30 40

x/H

Ring Tension (ton)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

x/H

Moment (t.m)

Example 1 Bottom edge Fixed

Point Ring T

Coef. due

to water

Table A-1

T force due

to water

pressure

B. Moment

coef. due to

water A-2

B. Moment

due to water

A-7

0.0 H 0.025 1.375 0 0

0.1 H 0.137 7.535 0.0002 0.0333

0.2 H 0.245 13.475 0.0008 0.133

0.3 H 0.346 19.03 0.0016 0.266

0.4 H 0.428 23.54 0.0029 0.483

0.5 H 0.477 26.235 0.0046 0.765

0.6 H 0.469 25.795 0.0059 0.982

0.7 H 0.398 21.89 0.0059 0.982

0.8 H 0.259 14.245 0.0028 0.466

0.9 H 0.092 5.06 -0.0058 -0.965

1.0H 0 0 -0.0222 -3.694

From Table A-1 T=Coef.*HR= Coef. *(1)(5.5)(10) t/m

From Table A-2 M=Coef.* H3= Coef. *(1)*(5.5)3 t.m/m

2 25.55

20 0.3

H

Dt

47


Example 1 Bottom edge Fixed

48

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

x/H

Ring Tension (ton)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

x/H

Moment (t.m)

Example 1 Check for Shear Capacity of the Wall

From Table A-12

Shear at the base of the cylindrical Wall

2 2

22

22

`

5.55

20 0.3

0.213 0.213 5.5 6.44 (fixed base)

0.121 0.213 5.5 3.66 (hinged base)

1.4 6.44 9

0.53

100

30 5 1.4 1.4 / 2 22.9

0.53 0.75 300 100 22.9 /

service

service

u

c c

c

H

Dt

V wH ton

V wH ton

V ton

V f bd

where

b

d cm

V

1000 15.76 uton V

49The Wall thickness is adequate to resists shear force

For Water tank members, the area of shrinkage and

temperature reinforcement shall provide at least the ratios

of reinforcement area to gross concrete area shown in the

following Table.

Concrete sections that are at least 24 in (60cm). may have

the minimum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement

based on a 12 in (30cm). concrete layer at each face.

The reinforcement in the bottom of base slabs in contact

with soil may be reduced to 50 percent of that required in

the Table.

50

Minimum Shrinkage and Temp. Reinforcement

Minimum Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement

51

52

Minimum reinfcement of Flexural Members

,min

0.8

A14

c

w

y

s

w

y

fb d

f

b df

The minimum reinforcement required must be provided wherever

reinforcement is needed, except where such reinforcement is at

least one-third greater than that required by analysis.

The minimum reinforcement required for slabs should be equal to

the same amount as that required by for shrinkage and temperature

reinforcement

2

,min

230 / 420 / 0.0033c y sf kg cm and f kg cm theFo nr A

53

Minimum reinfcement of Walls

Minimum ratio of vertical reinforcement area to gross concrete

area shall be 0.0030

Minimum ratio of horizontal reinforcement area to gross

concrete area shall be based on the length between movement

joints, and shall conform to shrinkage reinforcement.

Walls more than 25 cm thick shall have reinforcement for each

direction placed in two layers parallel to faces of wall in

accordance with the following:

• One layer, consisting of not less than one-half nor more

than two-thirds of total reinforcement required for each

direction,

• The other layer, consisting of the balance of required

reinforcement in that direction.

Wall with Moment Applied at the Top

The procedure used to determine the amount of moment

transferred from the roof slab to the wall is similar to moment

distribution of continuous frames

Table A-15 Wall stiffness

k= coef. Et3/H

Coefficients are given in terms of H2/Dt

Table A-16 Slab Stiffness

k= coef. Et3/R

Coef. = 0.104 for circular slab without center support

Coef. In terms of c/D for circular slab with center support

c: is the diameter of column capital

D: is the diameter of the tank

54


The fixed end moment for slab is evaluated using either

Table A-14 or A-17 as applicable.

Wall

Wall

Wall Slab

Slab

Slab

Wall Slab

KDF

K K

KDF

K K

Wall Slab

Distribution Factor DFWall DFSlab

Fixed End Moment FEMWall FEMSlab

Distributed MOment DMWall DMSlab

Final Moment FEMWall + DMWall FEMSlab + DMSlab

55


Calculation of ring Tension forces in the wall

1. Calculate the ring tension for free fixed condition due to

fluid pressure using Table A-1

2. Calculate the ring tension caused by applied moment at

the top of the wall using Table A-10

3. The final ring Tension are obtained by summing 1 and 2

56


Calculation of Bending moment in the wall

1. Calculate the bending moment due to fluid pressure using Table

A-2

2. Calculate the bending moment caused by applied moment at

the top of the wall using Table A-11

3. The final bending moment are obtained by summing 1 and 2

57

Cover in Place

The concrete roof slab will prevent lateral movement at the top of

the wall

This will result in changes the ring forces and bending moment

In the previous example when the top is free and bottom is

hinged the ring force is 0.4 ton in compression

To prevent displacement, a shear force acting in opposite

direction must be added to reduce the ring force to zero.

Table A-8 Ring tension due to shear V at the top

T= coef. × VR/H

0.44=-8.22×V×10/5.5

V=0.0294 ton

The change in ring tension is determined by multiplying

coefficient taken from Table A-8 by -VR/H=-0.0535

58

Cover in Place


Point Ring T

Coef. due to

Shear Table

A-8

Ring T

force due to

Shear V

Ring T

Coef. due to

water Table

A-5

T force due

to water

pressure

Total Ring T

0.0 H -8.22 0.440 -0.008 -0.44 0.000

0.1 H -4.99 0.267 0.114 6.27 6.537

0.2 H -2.45 0.131 0.235 12.925 13.056

0.3 H -0.79 0.042 0.356 19.58 19.622

0.4 H 0.11 -0.006 0.469 25.795 25.789

0.5 H 0.47 -0.025 0.562 30.91 30.885

0.6 H 0.5 -0.027 0.617 33.935 33.908

0.7 H 0.37 -0.020 0.606 33.33 33.310

0.8 H 0.2 -0.011 0.503 27.665 27.654

0.9 H 0.06 -0.003 0.294 16.17 16.167

1.0H 0 0.000 0 0 0.000

2 25.55

20 0.3

H

Dt

59

Cover in Place

The change in ring forces and bending moment from restraint of

the roof are relatively small

Loading condition 1 will not practically significantly be changed.

60

Example 2

61

Design a reinforced concrete Tank 10 m in diameter and 5.5 m deep, supported on a

cylindrical wall at its outside edge and on the a central column at the center as

shown in Figure. The wall is free at its top edge and continuous with the floor slab at

its bottom edge. The column capital is 1.5m in diameter, and the drop panel is 50cm

thick and 2.5 m in diameter.

D=10 m

H=5.5 m

Central Column 60 cmCylindrical Wall 30 cm

1.5 m Column Capital

Drop Panel d=2.5 m and

50 cm thick.

Floor Slab 35 cm

Tank Cylindrical Wall

Relative Stiffness:2 2(5.5)

1010(0.3)

H

Dt

From Table A-15, the stiffness of the wall3 3(0.3)

coef. 1.010 0.0049585.5

Et Ek k E

H

From Table A-16, the stiffness of the base slab

15.010

5.1

D

c 3 3(0.35)coef. 0.332 0.0028469

5

Et Ek k E

R

E is constant for wall and slab, so

0.004958Relative stiffness of wall DF 0.635

0.004958 0.0028469

0.0028469Relative stiffness of base slab DF 0.365

0.004958 0.0028469

Wall

Slab

62


Service Fixed end moment at base of the wall, using Table A-2 for 2

10H

Dt

3 3coef. 0.0122 (1)(5.5) 2.03 . /M H ton m m

(Tension inside of the wall)

Service Fixed end moment at base slab edge, using Table A-17 for

15.010

5.1

D

c

2

2

coef. , coef. 0.049

1 5.5 0.35 2.5 6.375 /

0.049 6.375 (5) 7.8 . /

M PR

P t m

M t m m

63

6.375kN/m


Wall Slab

Distribution Factor 0.635 0.365

F.E.M. 2.03 -7.8

Distribution Moment 3.66 2.10

Final Moment 5.7 -5.7

Moment distribution between wall and base slab

64

2.03 t.m/m

7.8 t.m/m


Moment distribution between wall and base slab

65

factored load1.0

unfactored load

0.9 420(assuming normal environmental exp

1.4

For

os

Ring Tension

1.97

1.4 1.97 1.4 2.8

For Flexural Mom

ures)1.4 138

ent

y

d

s

y

d

s

U d Service Service Service

fS

f

fS

f

T S T T T

S

0.9 420(assuming normal environmental e1.64

1.4

xposures)1.4 16

1.64

5

1.4 2.3

y

d

s

U d Service Service Service

f

f

T S T T T

Tank Cylindrical WallRing Tension Force in WallFrom Table A-1 T=Coef.* H R= Coef.×(1)(5.5)(5)×2.8 t/m = 77×Coef. t/m

From Table A-10 T=Coef.*M R / H2= Coef.×(3.66)(5)/(5.5)2 ×2.8 t/m = 1.69×Coef. t/m

Point Ring T

Coef. due

to water

Table A-1

T force due

to water

pressure

T Coef. due

to Moment

able A-10

T force due

to Moment

Total

Ring T

forces

(t/m)

0.0 H -0.011 -0.847 -0.21 -0.3549 -1.2019

0.1 H 0.098 7.546 0.23 0.3887 7.9347

0.2 H 0.208 16.016 0.64 1.0816 17.0976

0.3 H 0.323 24.871 0.94 1.5886 26.4596

0.4 H 0.437 33.649 0.73 1.2337 34.8827

0.5 H 0.542 41.734 -0.82 -1.3858 40.3482

0.6 H 0.608 46.816 -4.79 -8.0951 38.7209

0.7 H 0.589 45.353 -11.63 -19.6547 25.6983

0.8 H 0.44 33.88 -19.48 -32.9212 0.9588

0.9 H 0.179 13.783 -20.87 -35.2703 -21.4873

1.0H 0 0 0 0 066


67

Ring Tension Force in Wall

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Ring Tension (ton)

Tank Cylindrical WallBending Moment in WallTable A-2 M=Coef.* H3 = Coef. *(1)(5.5)3(2.3) t/m =382.7×Coef. t.m/m

Table A-11 M=Coef.*M = Coef. *(3.66×2.3) t/m = 8.42×Coef. t.m/m

Point M. Coef.

due to

water

Table A-1

Moment

due to

water

pressure

M. due to

Moment

able A-11

Moment due

to

distributed

Moment

Total

Bending

Moment

(t.m/m)

0.0 H 0 0 0 0 0

0.1 H 0 0 0 0 0

0.2 H 0 0 0.002 0.017 0.01684

0.3 H 0.0001 0.038266 0.009 0.076 0.114046

0.4 H 0.0004 0.153064 0.028 0.235 0.388824

0.5 H 0.0007 0.267862 0.053 0.446 0.714122

0.6 H 0.0019 0.727054 0.067 0.564 1.291194

0.7 H 0.0029 1.109714 0.031 0.261 1.370734

0.8 H 0.0028 1.071448 -0.123 -1.036 0.035788

0.9 H -0.0012 -0.45919 -0.467 -3.93 -4.39133

1.0H -0.0122 -4.66845 -1 -8.42 -13.088568

Tank Cylindrical WallBending Moment in Wall

69

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2

Moment (t.m)

Tank Cylindrical WallCheck for minimum thickness of the wall due to ring tension:

70

6

40.34Max. Ring tension at service load 14.4

2.8

100

0.003 2.04 10 1400 8 300.00042 0.42 T in tons

100 1400 30

0.42(14.4) 8.8 30 O.K.

sh s s ct

ct s

ton

E f nft T

f f

t T T T

t cm cm

Check adequacy of wall thickness for resisting moment:

' 5

3

13 / 22 2 300 10

2.3 (100) /12

31.2 30 .

Although the thickness is adequate

The wall thickness may increase at at the base to 50 cm using a 30 x 30 cm haunch

r

c

Myf

I

tf

t

t cm cm Ok

Tank Cylindrical WallShear force at the base of the wall,

From Table A-12:

71

2

2

3

coef. coef. /

3.660.158(1)(5.5) 5.81 12.1

(5.5)

30 5 0.8 24.2

0.75(0.53)( 300)(100)(24.2)(10) 16.6 12.1 O.

1.4

K.

u

u

c

V H M H

V ton

d cm

V ton

Tank Cylindrical WallDesign of Wall Reinforcement:

Ring Tension Reinforcement

72

240.34 100010.7 /

0.9(4200)

us

y

TA cm m

f

Or 5.35 cm2 on each side

Use 5 12 mm/m on each side.

Bending Reinforcement:

Inside Reinforcement (Mu=-13 t.m)

5

min2

2

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (11.9)1 1 0.0062

4200 100(24.2) (300)

0.0062 100 24.2 15 /sA cm m

Use 10 14 mm/m on the inside of the wall.

This reinforcement can be reduced half of shrinkage reinforcement at 0.5H


73

Bending Reinforcement:

Outside Reinforcement (Mu=1.37t.m)

Use 5 12 mm/m on the outside of the wall.

5

min2

2

,min

2

,min ,

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (1.11)1 1 0.00062

4200 100(24.2) (300)

0.0033 (100)(30) 9.9 /

1.3 1.3 0.00062 100 24.2 2.3 /

s

s s req

A cm m

A A cm m

Tank Base Slab

Radial Bending Moment in base SlabFrom Table A-17 T=Coef.*pR2= Coef. *(6.375)(5) 2 (2.3) t/m = 366.6 × Coef.

From Table A-19 T=Coef.*M = Coef. *(2.1) (2.3) t/m = 4.83 × Coef. t.m/m

Point Mr Coef.

Table A-17

Mr due to

water

pressure

Mr Coef.

Table A-19

Mr due to

distributed

M

Total

radial

Moment

(t.m/m)

Radial

moment per

Segment

(1m external)

0.15 R -0.1089 -39.92 -1.594 -7.70 -47.62 -7.14

0.20 R -0.0521 -19.10 -0.93 -4.49 -23.59 -4.72

0.25 R -0.02 -7.33 -0.545 -2.63 -9.96 -2.49

0.30 R 0.0002 0.07 -0.28 -1.35 -1.28 -0.38

0.40 R 0.022 8.07 0.078 0.38 8.44 3.38

0.50 R 0.0293 10.74 0.323 1.56 12.30 6.15

0.60 R 0.0269 9.86 0.51 2.46 12.32 7.39

0.70 R 0.0169 6.20 0.663 3.20 9.40 6.58

0.80 R 0.0006 0.22 0.79 3.82 4.04 3.23

0.90 R -0.0216 -7.92 0.90 4.35 -3.57 -3.21

1.0 R -0.049 -17.96 1.00 4.83 -13.13 -13.13

74

1.50.15

10

c

D

Tank Base SlabTangential Bending Moment in Base SlabFrom Table A-17 T=Coef.*pR2= Coef. ×(6.375)(5) 2 (2.3) t/m = 366.6× Coef.

From Table A-19 T=Coef.*M = Coef. ×(2.1) (2.3) t/m = 4.83 × Coef. t.m/m

Point Mt Coef.

Table A-17

Mt due to

water pressure

Mt Coef.

Table A-19

Mt due to

distributed M

Total

tangential

Moment

(t.m/m)

0.15 R -0.0218 -7.99 -0.319 -1.54 -9.53

0.20 R -0.0284 -10.41 -0.472 -2.28 -12.69

0.25 R -0.0243 -8.91 -0.463 -2.24 -11.14

0.30 R -0.0177 -6.49 -0.404 -1.95 -8.44

0.40 R -0.0051 -1.87 -0.251 -1.21 -3.08

0.50 R 0.0031 1.14 -0.1 -0.48 0.65

0.60 R 0.008 2.93 0.035 0.17 3.10

0.70 R 0.0086 3.15 0.157 0.76 3.91

0.80 R 0.0057 2.09 0.263 1.27 3.36

0.90 R -0.0006 -0.22 0.363 1.75 1.53

1.0 R -0.0098 -3.59 0.451 2.18 -1.4175

1.50.15

10

c

D

Tank Base Slab

76

2

2

. .

1.007(6.375)(5) 9.29 2.1 21.4 52 u

P coef pR coef M

P ton

Column’s LoadFrom Table A-13, load on center support of circular slab is:

2 2

3

35 5 0.9 29.1

( 6.375)(3.14)(5 0.291/ 2) 252 408.8

Length of shear section ( ) 3.14((10 0.291) 100)

1.4

3048

1.06 0.75( 300)(3048)(29.1)(10) 1221 408.8 O.K.

u

c

d cm

V P R column load ton

D d cm

V ton

Shear Strength of Base Slab:

a) At edge of wall:

`

0

`

0

0

`

0

20.53 1

0.27 2

1.06

c

sc c

c

f b d

dV f b d

b

f b d

Tank Base Slab

77


b) At edge of column capital:

Radius of critical section = 75 + d/2 = 75 + (50 - 5.0 - 0.9)/2 = 97.05 cm

2 2

3

50 5 0.9 44.1

( 6.375)(3.14)(0.9705) 252 225.6

1.06 0.75( 300)(2

1.4

97.05)(44.1)(10) 392.8 225.6 O.K.

u

c

d cm

V P R column load ton

V ton

Tank Base Slab

78


c) Shear at edge of drop panel:

2

3

35 5 0.9 29.1

( 6.375)(3.14)(1.396) 252 197.4

1.06 0.75( 300)(2 139.6)(29.1)(10) 351.5 197.4 O.

1

K

.4

.

u

c

d cm

V ton

V ton

Radius of critical section = 125 + (35 -5 -0.9)/2 = 139.6 cm

Tank Base Slab

79

Slab Reinforcement

a) Tangential Moments

2

,mi

5

m2

m

n

in

in

For

0.003 (1

12.69 t.m/m at 0.2 R

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (12.69)1 1 0.0017

4200 100(44.1) (300)

You can simply use 0.0018 to be used for each lay

00)(50) 15.0 /

er (Top&Bottom)

t

sA cm m

A

M

2

,min

Use 12 mm @ 12.5 cm (8 12 / m) Top ring reinf .

12 mm @ 12.5 cm (8

0.0018 (100)(5

12 / m) Bott

0) 9

om ring rein

f

/

.

s cm m

Tank Base Slab

80

Slab Reinforcement


2

,m

5

min2

in

For 3.91 t.m/m at 0.7 R

35 5 0.9 29.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (3.91)1 1 0.0012

4200 100(29.1)

0.003( )(100)(35) 5.25 /

2

Use 10 mm @ 12.5 cm Bottom ring re

(3

f

00)

in .

t

sA

M

d c

cm m

m

Tank Base Slab

81

Slab Reinforcement


5

min2

2

,min

1.41 t.m/m at inside face of wall

35 5 0.9 29.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (1.41)1 1 0.00044

4200 100(29.1) (300)

0.003( )(100)(35) 5.25 /

2

Use 10 mm @ 12.5

For

cm top and bottom r

t

s

M

d cm

A cm m

ing reinf .

Tank Base Slab

82

Slab Reinforcement

b) Radial Moments

5

min2

2

13.13 . /

35 5 0.9 29.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (13.13)1 1 0.00424

4200 1

At inside

00(29.1) (300)

(0.00424)(100)(29.1) 12.35 /

Use 14 mm @

face of the wall

12.5 cm

2

u

s

s

M t m m

d cm

A cm m

A total

2(5.0)(12.35) 387.8 cm

Tank Base Slab

83

Slab Reinforcement

b) Radial Moments

5

min2

2

2

12.32 . / at 0.6 R

35 5 0.9 29.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (12.32)1 1 0.004

4200 100(29.1) (300)

(0.004)(100)(2

At max. ve mom

9.1) 11.6 /

2 (0.6 5.0)(

ent

11.6) 218 5

.

u

s

s

M t m m

d cm

A cm m

A total cm

Tank Base Slab

84

Slab Reinforcement

b) Radial Moments

At 0.15 R

It is reasonable to use a 25% reduction to the theoretical

moment at the column capital

5

min2

2

2

47.6(0.75) 35.7 . /

50 5 0.9 44.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (35.7)1 1 0.0051

4200 100(44.1) (300)

(0.0051)(100)(44.1) 22.5 /

2 (0.15 5.0)(22.5) 105

Use 20 mm @ 12.5 cm

u

s

s

M t m m

d cm

A cm m

A total cm

22 (0.15 5.0) 100A 3.14 118

12.5used cm

Tank Base Slab

85

Slab Reinforcement

b) Radial Moments

5

min2

2

2

23.6 . /

50 5 0.9 44.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (23.6)1 1 0.0033

4200 100(44.1) (300)

(0.0033)(100)(44.1) 14.5 /

2 (0.2 5.0)(14.5) 91.1

At 0.2 R

u

s

s

M t m m

d cm

A cm m

A total cm

Tank Base Slab

86

Slab Reinforcement

b) Radial Moments

5

min2

2

2

1.3 . /

35 5 0.9 29.1

0.85(300) 2.61(10) (1.3)1 1 0.0004

4200 100(29.1) (300)

(0.003)(100)(35) 10.5 /

2 (0.3 5.0)(10.5) 99

At 0.3 R

u

s

s

M t m m

d cm

A cm m

A total cm


Circular Plate Reinforcement

87


Radial Reinforcement

88


Radial Reinforcement

89

90

Home Work #1

Project # 1

Design Anaerobic Sludge Digester for the Gaza

central sewage project with diameter

D=27.5 m and Height H=25.0 m

1. Calculation Sheet with assumptions.

2. All Structural, reinforcement and water

stop details drawings

3. Bill of Quantities

Design of Circular Concrete Tanks - Islamic...

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