Design of a fermentor
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DESIGN OF A FERMENTOR
BAFFLES, IMPELLERS & SPARGER
HIMA HARIDASAN
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INTRODUCTION
Fermentor - industrial usage microbes grown in large vessels.
Bioreactor
Complicated in design
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BASIC DESIGN OF A FERMENTOR
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IDEAL FERMENTOR PROPERTIES
Supports maximum growth of the organism
Aseptical operation Adequate aeration and agitation Low power consuming Tempurature control system pH control system Sampling facilities
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Minimum evaporation loss Minimum use of labour Range of processes Smooth internal surfaces Similar in geometry to both smaller &
larger vessels in pilot plant Cheapest material usuage Adequate service provisions
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Provision for control of contaminantsProvision for intermittent addition of
antifoamsInoculum introduction facilityMechanism for biomass/ product
removalSetting for rapid incorporation of
sterile airWithstands pressureEase of manipulation
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FERMENTOR’S STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN AERATION & AGITATION SYSTEM
The agitator
Stirrer glands & bearings
Baffles
The aeration system
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AGITATOR
Synonym : impeller
Mounted to a shaft through a bearing in the lid
Driven by an external power source or direct drive
Direct drive - action varied by using different impeller blades
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Recent designs – driven by magnetic coupling to a motor mounted beneath the fermentor
High speed of rotation marked vortex occurs
Spining of medium in circular direction
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MIXING OBJECTIVES IT ACHIEVE
Bulk fluid & gas phase mixing
Air dispersion
O2 transfer
Heat transfer
Suspension of solid particles
Maintenance of uniform environment throughout the vessel
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CLASSIFICATION
Disc turbine
Vaned disc
Variable pitch open turbine
Marine propellers
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DISC TURBINE
A disc with series of rectangular vanes set in a vertical plane around the circumference.
Break up a fast air stream without itself becoming flooded in air bubbles
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VANED DISC
A series of rectangular vanes attached vertically to the underside
Air from sparger hits it’s underside & the air gets displaced towards the vanes
Results in destruction of air bubbles
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VARIALBLE PITCH OPEN TURBINE
Vanes are attached directly to a boss on the agitator shaft
Air bubbles hit any surface by its action
Flood when superfial velocity exceed 21m/h
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MARINE PROPELLER
Blades are attached directly to a boss on the agitator shaft
Air bubbles hit surfaceA single low shear impellerMainly used in animla cell culture
vesselFlood when superfial velocity exceed
21m/h
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MODERN AGITATORSRushton disc turbine
Scaba 6SRGT
Prochem maxflow T
Lightening A315
Ekato intermig
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BAFFLESMetal strips
1/10th of the vessel diameter
Attached radially to wall
4 baffles (normal)
Wider baffles - high agitation effect
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Narrower baffles – low agitation effect
Can be attached with cooling coils
Not found in lab scale fermentors
Vertical baffles – increased aeration
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AERATION SYSTEM Syn : sparger
A device that introduce air into medium
Has a pipe with minute holes (1/64 - 1/32 inch or large)
Hole – allows air under P to escape into medium
For mycelial growth – ¼ inch holes
Impeller blades disperses air released through sparger into medium
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SPARGER TYPES
Porous
Orifice
Nozzle
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POROUS SPARGER
Made of sintered glass, ceramics or metal
Used mainly on a las scale fermentors
Bubble size produced – 10-100 times larger than pores
Throughput of air is low – P drop across it
Clogging of pores
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ORIFICE SPARGER
Those with drilled air holes on their under surface of the tubes making up ring or cross
Without agitation used to a limited extend in yeast manufacture & effluent treatment
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NOZZLE SPARGERModern mechanically stirred fermentors
use them
Single open or partially closed pipes
Ideally, positioned centrally below impeller
Causes lower P drops
no clogging of pores
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CONCLUSION Fermentor – platform for industrial fermentation
Aeration & agitation system components – impeller, baffles, sparger, and stirrer & glands
Impeller - spin medium in circular motion
Baffles – metal strips radially attached to wall
Sparger – introduce air into fermentor
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Thank you……