DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR HOME … · SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS SHS...

DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS

IN RURAL AREAS

by Matimba Mathebula, Xahumba Engineering Consulting (Pty) Ltd

Presenter: Mr. Matimba Mathebula DATE: 23 October 2018

DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF

SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS

•Xahumba Engineering Consulting (XEC) Background

Table of Contents

• Services Offered by XEC

• XEC Experience on Solar Systems

• Solar Home Systems in Rural Areas

Project Background

Design

Installation

• Conclusion

• Recommendations

• Benefits of Using Solar Systems

Maintenance




XAHUMBA EENGINEERING CONSULTING BANKGROUND

• Founded in the year 2010 as a close-corporation by Mr. Max Chauke Pr. Eng.

• Converted to Pty Ltd in 2017

• Directors and management remain the same

• 100% black owned, Level 1 BBBEE rating

• CIDB Grade: 7 EB PE, 1ME PE

• Engineers, technologists and technicians are members of ECSA and SAIEE




• Electrical Engineering

XEC OFFERED SERVICES

• Solar PV Systems

• HVAC Systems

• Project Management

• Energy Audits and Management

• Certificate of Compliance




• More than 1.5MW has been installed, including 2X30MW solar farms as part of IPP

SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE

• Installed systems include rooftops, carports and ground mounted

• Rural, Commercial and Industrial




• 30kW Rooftop PV system in Limpopo (Phalaborwa)

…SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE




• Testing and Commissioning of 2X30MW PV solar systems in Limpopo (Witkop & Soutpan)





• 30kW Carport PV system in Limpopo (Polokwane)





• 160W Solar Home systems in KZN, Free State and North West





XEC CLIENTS




RENEWABLE ENERGY BENEFITS

Advantages of a Solar System

No C

O2 E

mis

sion

Saves

Wate

r

Fre

e P

ow

er

No T

ari

ff h

ikes

Sun is a source

of energy

No fossil fuels for

power generation1,28 kilolitres

per 1MWhYou are your

Own distributor




• South African Government initiated a Non-Grid Programme through Department of Energy (DoE)

SHS PROGRAMME BACKGROUND

•High number of households without electricity has been identified

•Solar home systems (SHS) technology identified to close the gap

•Local municipalities across South Africa are benefiting from the programme

•The programmed targets rural communities

• DoE appointed XEC and Sun Electricity (Joint Venture) in 2015 to provide the design, installation and maintenance




SHS DESIGN

CLIENT SPECIFICATION

Minimum of 95Wp solar system

Minimum battery of 96Ah, 12V

Maximum of eight lights of8 X

3W each

Connect of DC TV, Radio, DSTV

and phone charger

XEC CONSIDERATIONS

2 days of autonomy

Solar panel’s operation at local temperature

5W lights to be used outside instead of 3W

80% battery’s maximum depth of discharge

(DoD). Daily recommended is 20%

System losses

Beneficiaries safety.

GUIDELINES

SANS 959-1/NRS 052-1

SANS 959-3/NRS 052-3

SANS 10142-1




…SHS DESIGN (ENERGY REQUIRED)

DESCRIPTION POWER(W) QUANTITY HOURS TOTAL POWER (W) WATT-HOUR

Interior Lights 3 6 4 18 72

Exterior Lights 5 2 12 10 120

TV 30 1 4 30 120

Radio 15 1 8 15 120

DSTV-Decoder 10 1 4 10 40

Phone Charger 5 2 2 10 20

Total 93 492

• Minimum solar panel output of 93Wp

• 100W solar panel has been selected




• Temperature has effect on solar panels

…SHS DESIGN (LOCAL TEMPERATURE)

• XEC retrieved Eastern Cape Temperatures

• -18°C on the 3rd of November 1918

• 50°C on the 28th of June 1996





Description

Max power (Pmax) 100W

Max power voltage (Vmpp) 18.8V

Max power current (Imp) 5.51A

Open circuit voltage (Voc) 22.1V

Short circuit current (Isc) 6.04A

Cells Polycrystalline

Number of cells 36

Temperature Coefficient

Isc

Voc

Pmax

-0.051%/°C

-0.31%/°C

-0.41%/°C

Temperature at Standard Test Condition

(STC)

25°C

Nominal Operating Cell

Temperature (NOCT)

45°C

• Panels are tested at standard test conditions (STC)

• Each degree rise in temperature above 25˚C affect other parameters

• Short-circuit current decays by 0.051%,

• Open-circuit voltage by 0.31%,

• Power by 0.41%.





𝑉𝑂𝐶_𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = 𝑇𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙_𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 + 𝑇𝑆𝐶 ∗𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

100+ 𝑉𝑜𝑐

= −18 − 25 ∗−0.31

100+ 21.6

= 21.73𝑉

𝑉𝑂𝐶_𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = 𝑇𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙_𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 +𝑁𝑂𝐶𝑇 − 𝑇𝑆𝐶 ∗𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

100+ 𝑉𝑚𝑝𝑝

= 50 + 45 − 25 ∗−0.31

100+ 18.8

= 18.58𝑉

• Voc ranges between 18,58V and 21,73V




• Recommended days of autonomy is 2 days

…SHS DESIGN (BATTERY SIZE)

𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐴ℎ =𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑊ℎ × 𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦

𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 × 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

=492 × 2

0.8 × 12

= 102.5𝐴ℎ

• Solar panels are less effective during rainy/overcast days

• Battery should have enough power to keep the load running

• 102Ah battery




…SHS DESIGN (BATTERY CHARGING HOURS)

• SANS 959-1:2016 section 4.2.1.3.3, EC sun hours is 5.2

𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 =𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐴ℎ × 𝐷𝑜𝐷 × 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

=102 × 100%× 12

100

= 12.24ℎ

• Solar panel should have enough power to charge the selected battery

• 100% depth of discharge used for calculations - worst case scenario

• Approximately 2 days to charge the battery up to 100%




…SHS DESIGN (BATTERY CHARGING HOURS)

0

1,22

2,45

3,67

4,9

6,12

7,34

8,57

9,79

11,02

12,24

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

CH

AR

GIN

G H

OU

RS (

H)

DOD (%)




…SHS DESIGN (SUMMARY)

• 100Wp Solar Panel

• 102Ah, 12V Battery

•10A Charge Controller

•3W Internal Lights

• 5W Exterior Lights

• DC TV, Radio and DSTV Points




• XEC deployed more than 10 installation teams

SHS INSTALLATIONS

• Qualified and experienced personnel conducted the installations

•Detailed training conducted prior to commencement

•Health and quality issues we tackled

• One system installed and used as a standard system prior to commencement of installations

• Inspection of material

•Potential threats were identified and planned for




…SHS INSTALLATIONS(IDENTIFIED THREATS)

THREATS IMPACT MITIGATION

• Bad roads • More time spent on delivery • Beneficiaries to collect material from

a neutral point.

• Cracked walls • It puts the lives of workers in

danger.

• Beneficiaries might sue for

cracked walls.

• Avoid climbing on cracked walls.

• Take pictures of the cracked walls.

• Beneficiaries must sign a declaration

forms.

• Shading • Solar panel produces less or no

power due to shading.

• Install solar panels where it will get

enough radiation from the sun.

• Arrange for the tree/s to be cut down

if the shading is caused by trees.

• Home owners not available • Disturbance of the installation

schedule.

• Delay of the project

• Share installation schedules with

ward committees.

• Word of mouth is very powerful in

rural areas; therefore, spread out a

word one or two days in advance.

• Community members attacking

technicians

• Injuries and/or loss of lives

• Loss of trust and sound

workmanship

• Have local labourer/s on site.

• Ward committees to accompany

installation teams.




…SHS INSTALLATIONS (PICTURES)




• Systems malfunction as time goes on

SHS MAINTENANCE

• Maintenance is conducted to keep the system in good condition

•XEC has set up an office and system to deal with maintenance

•Beneficiaries were provided with unique number during installations stages

• Unique numbers are linked to beneficiaries information

• Beneficiaries are only requested to verify ID numbers and locations

•Job order is created an assigned to the closest team

•Respond time is 24 hours




• Beneficiaries disconnecting the systems

…SHS MAINTENANCE (CHALLENGES)

• Illegal connections

•Stolen systems




• XEC and its partner has installed 10000 SHS between March 2015 and May 2018

CONCLUSION

•423 job opportunities were created, 400 were local labourers (87 female)

• Installed SHS met client specifications and needs of beneficiaries

•XEC edge the government to continue with the programme

• Installation of SHS restores dignity to South African people

• School children have adequate light environment

•Loss of lives has reduced




• SHS sizes should be increased

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Inverters should be deployed to the systems

•Local municipalities should use the opportunity to uplift small local enterprises

•Local municipalities should assist in identifying communities in need

•South African Government should provide more funds for implementation of solar systems




THANK YOU!!!!!!




FEEL FREE TO CONTACT US

Matimba Mathebula

071 110 7697/[email protected]

Max Chauke


Office


DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR HOME … · SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS SHS...

Documents

Transcript of DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR HOME … · SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS SHS...