Design in the Cosmos

Dr. Hugh RossReasons To Believe

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Who Discovered the Big Bang?

A. Penzias & R. Wilson?

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Who Discovered the Big Bang?

George Gamow?

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Who Discovered the Big Bang?

Albert Einstein?

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Who Discovered the Big Bang?

Al Gore?

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Who Discovered the Big Bang?

___________?

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Big Bang Foundations

1. singularity beginning2. expanding universe3. cooling cosmos

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Cosmic Singularity Beginning• Genesis 1:1 Genesis 2:3• Genesis 2:4 Psalm 148:5• Isaiah 40:26 Isaiah 42:5• Isaiah 45:18 John 1:3• Col. 1:15-17 Hebrews 11:3

If God created the cosmos, who created God?

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Stretching the Heavens• Job 9:8 Psalm 104:2• Isaiah 40:22 Isaiah 42:5• Isaiah 44:24 Isaiah 45:12• Isaiah 48:13 Isaiah 51:13• Jer. 10:12 Jer. 51:15• Zech. 12:1

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Cosmos Designed for Life1. gravitational force constant2. strong nuclear force constant3. weak nuclear force constant4. electromagnetic force constant5. e-m. to grav. force ratio6. number ratio of protons to electrons7. ratio of electron to proton mass

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Cosmos Design (cont.)8. expansion rate of the universe9. entropy level of the universe10. mass density of the universe11. baryon density of the universe12. space energy density of cosmos13. age of the universe14. velocity of light

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Cosmos Design (cont.)15. initial uniformity of radiation16. homogeneity of the universe17. mean distance between galaxies18. mean distance between stars19. average size of galaxy clusters20. spatial locations of galaxy clusters21. fine structure constant

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Cosmos Design (cont.)22. 12C to 16O energy level ratio23. decay rate of 8Be24. ground state energy level for 4He25. decay rate of the proton26. neutron to proton mass ratio27. nucleon to anti-nucleon # ratios28. polarity of the water molecule

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Cosmos Design (cont.)29. epoch for hypernova eruptions30. number & types of hypernovae31. epoch for supernova eruptions32. number & types of supernovae33. epoch for white dwarf binaries34. white dwarf binary dist’n & freq.35. ratio of exotic to ordinary matter

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Cosmos Design (cont.)36. no. of dimensions in early cosmos37. no. of dimensions in cosmos now38. mass of the neutrino39. exotic mass particles decay rates40. size of big bang ripples41. size of relativistic dilation factor42. uncertainty magnitude in q. mech.

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Some Quotes from Scientists

A superintellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology.

• Sir Fred Hoyle, The Universe

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Quotes (cont.)

As we survey all the evidence, the thought insistently arises that some supernatural agency—or rather Agency— must be involved.

• Georges Greenstein, The Symbiotic Universe

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Quotes (cont.)

It seems as though somebody has fine-tuned nature’s numbers to make the Universe.

• Paul Davies, The Cosmic Blueprint

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Quotes (cont.)

The impression of design is overwhelming.

• Paul Davies, The Cosmic Blueprint

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Some non-theist rebuttals• The Christian God would not make so

many useless stars and galaxies• We would not be here unless the

universe had the attributes we observe.

• For an infinite number of universes an infinite variety of sets of attributes are possible.

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Heavenly body problem

1. getting the right galaxy2. getting the right star3. getting the right Jupiter4. getting the right Earth5. getting the right Moon

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Probability for planet parameter to be in needed range

• galaxy size .1• galaxy type .1• galaxy location .1• star distance from gal. center .2• star distance from spiral arms.1• proximity to supernova event .01• timing of the supernova event.01

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Parameters in range (cont.)• number of stars .2• star birth date .2• star age .4• star mass .001• star luminosity vs. speciation .0001• star color .4• supernovae rates & locations .01

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Parameters in range (cont.)• w. d. b. types, rates & locations .01• planetary distance from star .001• inclination of planetary orbit .8• axis tilt .3• rotation period .1• change in rotation period .05• orbit eccentricity .3

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Parameters in range (cont.)• surface gravity (esc. vel.) .001• tidal force .1• magnetic field .01• albedo .1• density .1• thickness of crust .01• oceans-to-continents ratio .2

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Parameters in range (cont.)• change in oc.-to-cont. ratio .1• global dist’n of continents .3• asteroid & comet collision rates .1• change in a. & c. collision rates .1• body mass colliding with Earth .002• timing of body’s collision .05• position & mass of Jupiter .01

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Parameters in range (cont.)• major planet eccentricities .1• major planet orbital stabilities .1• drift in major planet distances .1• soil mineralization .1• atmospheric transparency .01• atmospheric pressure .1• atm. electric discharge rate .1

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Parameters in range (cont.)• atm. temperature gradient .01• carbon dioxide level in atm. .01• oxygen quantity in atm. .01• ozone quantity and location .01• water vapor level in atm. .01• oxygen to nitrogen ratio in atm. .1• quantity of greenhouse gases.01

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Parameters in range (cont.)• tectonic activity .1• rate of decline in tectonics .1• volcanic activity .1• rate of decline in vulcanism .1

• dependency factors 10,000,000,000.• longevity requirements .0001

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Parameters in range (cont.)• Probability for all 53 parameters less than

1 in 10-68.• Max. no. of planets in universe ≈ 1022.• Less than 1 in ten billion trillion trillion

trillion chance for one such planet to exist anywhere in the cosmos.

• dependency factors 1039

• longevity requirements 1013

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Parameters in range (cont.)• Probability for all 202 parameters less

than 1 in 10-239.

• Max. no. of planets in universe ≈ 1022.

• Less than 1 chance in 10217 for one such planet to exist anywhere in the cosmos without invoking miracles.

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Best time and place• maximum cosmic window• best possible observatory• best possible home• best possible physics• most to be conscious of

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Anthropic Principle Inequality• 14 billion year minimum to prepare

home for humanity

• But, longevity of human civilization <41,000 years

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