Design Development Phase Report - Berkeley, California › uploadedFiles...This report is an update...

08 October 2010

West Branch Library

Design Development Phase Report

HARLEY ELLIS DEVEREAUX

West Branch LibraryDesign Development Phase Report

HARLEY ELLIS DEVEREAUX i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................. 1...1. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN............................................................................................................................. 3

1.1 ZERO NET ENERGY DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 3

1.2 LEED CERTIFICATION......................................................................................................................... 6

2. DESIGN NARRATIVES............................................................................................................................... 8


HARLEY ELLIS DEVEREAUX ii

PROJECT DESIGN TEAM

Harley Ellis Devereaux 2430 5th Street, Studio MARCHITECT Berkeley, CA 94710Edward Dean, AIA 510.644.2814

GreenWorks Studio 2430 5th Street, Studio MZERO NET ENERGY DESIGN Berkeley, CA 94710Edward Dean, AIA 510.644.2814

Timmons Design Engineers 901 Market Street, Suite 480MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING San Francisco, CA 94103ENGINEERING 415-957-8788Sean Timmons Tipping-Mar 1906 Shattuck AveSTRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Berkeley, CA 94704John Wolfe 510-549-1906

John Northmore Roberts & Associates 2927 Newbury Street, Suite BLANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Berkeley CA 94703John Roberts 510-843-3666

Moran Engineering 1930 Shattuck Avenue, #ACIVIL ENGINEERING Berkeley CA 94704-1237David Franco 510-848-1930

Cumming Corporation 1970 Broadway, Suite 630COST ESTIMATING Oakland CA 94612Kan Pang 510-463-0100

Rosen Goldberg Der & Lewitz 1100 Larkspur Landing Circle #354 ACOUSTICS, NOISE CONTROL Larkspur CA 94939Tim Der 415-464-0150


HARLEY ELLIS DEVEREAUX 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is an update of the Schematic Design Report dated 3 June 2010. Included in this document is the updated report on the ZNE design, the LEED certification and the design narrative by all disciplines.

Zero Net Energy

The design utilizes strategies of daylighting and natural ventilation to reduce energy loads for lighting and cooling as well as on-site renewable energy production for heating and electricity through the use of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal panels. This design approach continues to achieve zero net energy (ZNE) for the building according to the latest whole building energy analysis. The annual building energy demand has been modeled at 18 EUI (18 MBTU/sf-yr), which will be provided by 170 solar photovoltaic panels and 18 solar thermal panels located on the roof of the building. LEED Certification

The West Branch design also continues to be on track to achieve a minimum of LEED-Silver certification. The design still appears to achieve 76 points, which is enough for a LEED-Gold certification.

Design Development Phase Narrative Updates

This report includes an update of the narratives in the Schematic Design Report.



Fig. 1. West Branch Library interior view of main space.



1. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

1.1 ZERO NET ENERGY (ZNE) DESIGN

One of the principal goals of the West Branch Library project is to achieve a design that uses no net energy over the course of a typical year for heating, cooling and electricity. The design uses a number of “passive” strategies to minimize the energy load, which is offset by the solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems installed on the roof of the building.

The building will participate in PG&E’s solar electric program. When there is an abundance of solar energy available from the PV system, the building will export energy into the electric grid, essentially running the electric meter backwards and getting credit from PG&E. When there is inadequate solar energy available, such as during dark winter days, then the building will draw on the PG&E electric grid for its needs. With the zero net energy design of the building, the net balance at the end of a typical weather year will just balance to zero and the library’s net energy bill for the year will be zero.

A detailed report on the zero net energy design for the West Branch Library at the end of Schematic Design is being issued under separate cover. The design strategies and design features are summarized here. The results of the whole building energy model have confirmed that the design is achieving a ZNE performance.

Design Strategy: Heating

The building will be heated using a solar thermal hot water system (18 panels), a radiant heating concrete slab and an air-to-air heat pump backup system for extreme cold days.

Design Strategy: Ventilation

Fresh air will be provided through natural ventilation of all occupied spaces, satisfying all ASHRAE codes for minimum ventilation. During the heating season, air intake at occupied spaces will be pre-heated using Runtel type warm water units at the openings. The natural ventilation will be driven by wind chimneys located at the south end of the building.

Design Strategy: Cooling

During comfortable and warm days, occupants will have the option of opening windows for cooling air. Increased air flow will be achieved using ventilating skylights and low energy fans located in the wind chimney area and at

the skylight shafts. For very warm days, the building will be flushed at night using the natural ventilation system to pre-cool building surfaces and, if needed for extreme days, the heat pump will operate on its reverse cycle to chill water and pump it through the radiant floor slab.

The mechanical system design is based on maximum utilization of natural ventilation known as the Mixed Mode design. Through the use of automatically controlled exterior windows and small fans, the system provides air at the appropriate temperature to maintain comfort while minimizing the use of electric power. Fig. 2 on the following page illustrates this design concept.

Design Strategy: Lighting

Daylighting will provide all general lighting required in the library. Task lighting will be utilized at some workstations for the visually impaired. On dark days or during evening hours, energy-efficient electric lighting will be used.

Design Strategy: Plug Loads

The largest demand for electric energy in the building will be “plug loads”, which are dominated in the library by computer equipment demand. The design team has created an inventory of all plug loads and has measured the average energy use over a period of time. The plug load demand will have to be carefully monitored and controlled to achieve the zero net energy goal.

Whole Building Energy Analysis

The current design was modeled for its energy use over the course of a “typical” weather year, using a standard weather data file for Berkeley. The result was a total annual electrical energy demand of 50 Mwhr (174 MBtu), which corresponds to an Energy Use Index (EUI) of 18 (kBTU/sf-year). This compares to the current U.S. average (site) EUI for libraries of 104. To meet the annual energy demand, there will be 170 solar photovoltaic panels, assuming 315 watts per panel, and 18 solar thermal panels for the radiant heating system.

These panel arrays can be accommodated on the roof of the building as designed. Based on this analysis, the building continues to be on track to achieve the goal of zero net energy design and carbon neutrality.

A simple graph showing the breakdown of the building energy loads and the offsetting renewable energy supplied by the building systems is shown in Fig. 3 on the following page.



Fig. 2. Mixed Mode System: design and operation.

Fig. 3. Whole Building Energy Analysis: modeled performance of design at end of the Design Development phase



1.2 LEED CERTIFICATION

The West Branch Library is also required to achieve a LEED Silver certification. The design team has reviewed the LEED point total projected at the end of the Schematic Design Phase and determined that the design is still on track to achieve the estimated LEED point total of 76, satisfying the project requirement of a minimum of LEED -Silver certification. The updated LEED checklist is shown in Fig. 4, which includes only a couple of changes with regard to Sustainable Sites.



Fig. 4. LEED Scoresheet: summary at end of Design Development Phase.



2. DESIGN NARRATIVE

The building is designed as a one story structure with a second story mechanical/electrical equipment level located above the toilet rooms and accessible using an outside stair. The height required for the roof and the solar panels produces a relatively high space for the public reading areas, which are extensively daylighted using three major skylights.

The interior plan accommodates the program requirements as shown in Fig. 5 on the following page, the current building layout at the end of the Design Development phase.

Exterior materials on the south facade are proposed to be fiber cement panels, a glass curtainwall system and, in the inset area near the entrance, an exterior finish consisting of fire-rated, certified sustainable wood lumber. A trellis with classic Berkeley flowering wisteria vine is located within the inset area and caps the entry area.

Exterior finishes for other facades blend the use of fiber cement panel to form a uniform treatment as well as cement plaster for less visible sides of the building. Climbing fig will be planted on the east side to provide a “living” surface for staff and Berkeley Reads Program users outside of normal library hours.

The largest existing redwood tree in the northwest corner of the site is being preserved and utilized as part of a “Redwood View Garden” that is visible from the public reading areas and Multipurpose Room.

Interior finishes include a continuation of the exterior wood lumber paneling, painted gypsum board walls, over 1000 sq. ft. of interior glazing, and suspended acoustic panels from the roof structure. For the radiant heating floor, the finish will be linoleum throughout the non-utility and toilet areas.

Noise control at the south end of the building is achieved through an acoustic sound-trap configuration for the entry area. In addition, an acoustic “cloud” above the main entry door will reduce noise penetration when the door is open. Finally, insulated glazing will be used at all windows facing University Avenue.

The following sections contain design narratives for each of the design disciplines,describing the systems required for the construction of the building, which are used as the basis of design in this phase and documentation in the future phases.

2.1 CIVIL ENGINEERING

The basis of the site utility design is that most site utilities have been previously provided to the site, and those connections will be unchanged and reused. The additional service at the site is the fire sprinkler prevention line, which has been designed on a preliminary basis from the applicable fire code based on the floor area of the new building and the required demand for this type of construction.

Site excavation will require the removal of soil to permit a finished floor elevation of +55.0’ utilizing a 14” deep mat slab over sub-slab drainage. City sidewalk will be rebuilt with appropriate slopes for drainage. Utility work includes connection of new water and sewer lines from the building to existing lines, new fire water connection for the sprinkler system (4” pipe, 1,750 gpm), electrical upgrade, 4 @4” telecom pipe and a stub-in for natural gas for possible future connection. Note that there is no city storm drain and storm drainage will be taken through planters to achieve proper filtration before discharging from the site.

2.2 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

The West Branch Library building and landscape designs are very closely integrated, reflecting the important physical and regulatory constraints of the site. Since the new building will take up most of the site, there are only limited areas available for planting or for outdoor uses, and these outdoor spaces must satisfy the stormwater and landscape regulations of the city and county in addition to the standard building codes. The proposed site design gracefully resolves the regulatory requirements with a carefully chosen combination of elements to link the building with its surroundings; to provide handsome, usable, and inviting outdoor spaces; and to support the building’s civic presence along University Avenue.

Principal Landscape Concepts

The primary outdoor areas designed to create the landscape/urban design setting for the building include the street frontage at the main public entry and the rear garden court in the northwest corner of the lot under the existing large redwood tree. The trellised garden-like entry to the building is set back from the sidewalk sufficiently to accommodate an accessible path, sculptural climbing vines, flow-through planters, benches, and bicycle parking, while establishing a rich landscape presence along University Avenue integral



Fig. 5. Interior Plan at end of the Design Development Phase.



with the building. The “Redwood View Garden” under the existing redwood tree in the rear of the building is visible from the front entry, the reading rooms, and the multi-purpose room. The integrated design allows the garden greenery to be part of the experience within the library. Additional planting beds and handsome permeable paving mark the other points of public access, along the north and east sides of the building.

Building Entries and University Avenue Frontage

The finish floor elevation of the building will be approximately 2.5 feet above the existing sidewalk level, with the main entry set back from and overlooking the sidewalk a sufficient distance to gracefully negotiate the difference in elevation. In the entry niche carved out of the front of the new building, site developments will include a universally-accessible path with permeable pavers, a concrete landing at the front door, a small concrete stair as an alternate access route, flow-through concrete planters bounded by low walls, racks for bicycle parking at the sidewalk level, and a flowering vine-covered trellis. Slopes along the accessible path will be 5% or less, thus not requiring handrails. The landing outside the front door will also include a bench or other seating, creating a small waiting area or porch. The flow-through planters in the niche and between the sidewalk and reading room west of the main entry, which establish a vegetated base to the University Avenue frontage, will receive the runoff from the front half of the library’s roof. Six bike-parking racks along the sidewalk will accommodate 12 bicycles.

At the southeast corner of the building, a new metal gate will divide the public street frontage from the building’s secondary entrances. These secondary entrances will also be universally accessible, but a ramp (with a slope of 1:12) will be required between the gate and the first door, leading to the Staff Work Room. The pathway continues flat to the next secondary building entry serving the Multi-Purpose Room and the Literacy Program Rooms. A narrow planting bed follows along the ramp at the building. The paving leading to these two doors will be permeable pavers. A new 8-foot-tall stuccoed concrete wall extends along the property line, with creeping fig vines clinging to the surface.

Sidewalk, Street Trees and Accessible Parking

The existing street frontage along University Avenue will include new sidewalks, curbs, curb ramps, and trees. The entire sidewalk in front of the library will be replaced to its full width of 10 feet. Little of the existing sidewalk would remain intact anyway, for various

reasons: the existing curb-cut and driveway entrance must be removed and replaced; portions of the sidewalk must be removed to allow various utility connections (drainpipes from the flow-through planters, and utilities serving the building); some portions of the sidewalk that exceed a 2% (1/4” per foot) cross-slope—the maximum allowed under the guidelines for universal accessibility—should be replaced; and two accessible curb ramps are required.

The three existing street trees in the sidewalk fronting the Library (tulip trees, Liriodendron tulipifera) are to be removed and replaced with species recommended by the City Forester. The most westerly of the three trees was severely damaged and has been removed by the City Forester but not yet replaced. The two others will be removed as part of this project. They are infested with aphids that produce dripping honeydew in summer and create a nuisance on the sidewalk and street below as well as maintenance problems for adjacent buildings. Residents have strongly expressed their desire to have these trees removed and replaced with more compatible trees in a manner that does not constrict the sidewalk. Further, the existing tree wells effectively reduce the useable area of sidewalk to less than six feet. The plan recommends replacing all three trees with Thornless Honeylocust trees (Gleditsia triacanthos inermis ‘Shademaster’) in the sidewalk behind the curb with 3’ x 6’ Neenah tree grates and tree guards. The trees will be located symmetrically in front of the building, approximately 35 feet on center but adjusted to mark the entries and to avoid conflict with either the utilities or the curb ramps.

Four curbside parking spaces are provided in front of the building: one handicap-accessible parking space, one handicap-accessible loading space, one loading space, and one general public parking space. The curb-cut at the existing driveway will be removed and replaced with a continuous curb and the parking spaces re-striped along the frontage. In an arrangement developed collaboratively with the City Disability Coordinator, each accessible space (parking and loading) will have an accessible route striped behind the car with curb cuts and a 3.5-foot-wide access ramp parallel to the curb. Since there is insufficient space in the narrow sidewalk for a perpendicular ramp, landing, and 6-foot clear sidewalk, the narrow parallel ramp with landings allow adequate clearance for all users. The landing for the accessible parking space is aligned with the Library’s main entry path. A PG&E box, the neighbor’s gas valve, and storm drain lines from the adjacent property will be relocated to accommodate the accessible parking ramp.



Redwood View Garden at Northwest Corner

The area outside the northwest corner of the building will include a small wall-enclosed garden courtyard (approximately 22’ x 26’) featuring a large existing coast redwood tree. Windows from the Children’s Reading Room and the Multi-Purpose Room face directly into this garden, making it an important and highly visible part of the interior space. Since the existing ground level at the base of the tree is about one foot higher than the proposed finished floor elevation, and since lowering the ground level in the garden would severely damage the trees’ roots, the garden design accepts the existing grade with the difference in elevation retained in the building walls. An accessible path linking the inside and outside spaces is infeasible without either seriously compromising the tree roots and losing the tree by cutting down to create an exterior ramp, or ramping on the interior and eliminating library program space. As a result, the space will be treated as a viewing garden with no public access directly into the space from the Library. Maintenance access will be provided around the back of the building.

New plantings appropriate to a redwood-forest understory will surround tree and help frame views into the court from the library windows. Picturesque flowering evergreen shrubs/small trees (compact Strawberry Madrone, Arbutus unedo) will form a sculptural backdrop to the garden behind the redwood and against the northerly 8-foot high stucco wall. A delicately textured, deciduous small native tree with stunning fall color (Vine Maple, Acer circinatum) will be in the foreground close to the Children’s Reading Room windows, in front of the redwood trunk, creating a veiled view of the garden. And a large deciduous native flowering shrub (Western Azalea, Rhododendron occidentalis) will provide seasonal interest while similarly framing and filtering views from the Multi-Purpose room. The understory will be a mix of ground covers, ferns, and shrubs native to or compatible with redwood forests, such as Wild Ginger (Asarum caudatum), Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum), and Inside-Out Flower, Vancouveria planipetalum.

Along the western wall, and elevated 30” above the ground will be a flow-though planter to receive roof runoff from the northwesterly roof. The open-bottomed planter will be contained by a concrete grade beam, which will double as the planter wall anchored at each end. The grade beam will require minimal excavation into the soil (at most 6 inches) in order to minimize impacts to the root zone of the existing redwood tree. Stepping

stones will pass through the maintenance gate behind the northern building wall, and feather into the garden to provide maintenance access.

Rear Gardens at Northeast Corner

The area outside the northeast corner of the new building will include a flow-through planter at the building wall, a paved pathway with permeable paving from the Multi-Purpose Room door, a mulched path for a maintenance connection to the Redwood Garden court, covered bicycle parking for four staff bicycles, a raised planter at the back wall, and vine pockets at the wall behind the bicycles. This area will be visible from inside the Literacy Program Meeting Room and Staff Office. The elevated flow-through planter will receive the runoff from the rear half of the roof, and will look like a window-box. Since the vine-covered rear wall will be only 10 feet from the windows, the plants will filter the view from these windows and create an illusion of greater depth.

Along the west (left), north (rear), and east (right) property lines, the site design includes new concrete walls or fences with heights of 6 to 8 feet. Each will have planting along its face. At select corners and other transitions, the wall will end with the security enclosure continuing as a metal picket fence, which will provide some spatial relief and allow light to cross into the space. Since the new library will have a finished floor elevation different from the existing grade at the rear of the building, the elevations around the building must also be adjusted to conform. Hence, the bottom of these new walls will retain some soil to take up the change in grade. The walls will block the parking lots to the west, provide privacy for the neighbors to the north, and screen the backside of the building to the east.

Existing Trees on Site Of the two large Coast Redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens) growing near each other at the rear of the site, one will remain and become the centerpiece of a garden courtyard. The second, southerly tree will be removed. After exploratory trenches were dug in the vicinity of each of the trees, it was clear that the primary root system of the southerly tree would be destroyed by the building foundation excavation and that the tree would probably not survive the proposed construction. The root system of the northerly tree, on the other hand, had apparently adapted to the foundations of the existing building and was likely to survive new construction in the same location as the existing walls and building. After consultation with the City Forester, it was determined that the southerly tree should be



removed and that the northerly tree should be saved (by following the City Forester’s recommendations). The existing grade in the rear courtyard will remain as-is, without additional excavation in the root zone, and the stump of the removed tree will not be ground out. All other trees on the site will be removed. These include the three redwood trees at the northeast (rear right) corner (generally unhealthy and severely constrained by both the adjacent and new building – a diagnosis accepted by the City Forester), one additional distressed small redwood along the west property line, and seven other small trees either within or immediately next to the building footprint. The small trees are four Victorian box trees (Pittosporum undulatum), one distressed Japanese maple (Acer palmatum), and two distressed Washington thorns (Crataegus phaenopyrum).

Responses to Key Regulatory Requirements

Underlying the design of these outdoor spaces is the integrated resolution of the requirements for Alameda County’s C.3 stormwater regulations, the Bay-Friendly Landscape Guidelines, LEED Silver certification, and whole access according to the California Building Code. 1. Alameda County’s C.3 stormwater regulations are a key factor driving the site design and will also influence the design of the roof. The regulations apply to any project that involves building or replacing at least 10,000 square feet of impervious surfaces (roofs and pavement). These regulations require us to consider the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff from our project.

Of the design options shown in the Stormwater Guidebook, the ones most applicable to this highly constrained site are the flow-through planter, specially designed planter boxes at the base of a building’s walls, and permeable paving. During a rainstorm, rain from the library’s roof will run down the rainwater leaders into the flow-through planters, where plants and a special soil mix will clean the water before sending it out to the general storm-drain system. The plants must be able to tolerate occasional inundation but must also survive through the dry summer, possibly aided by summer irrigation. Here, the situation is made more complicated because there is no buried storm-drain pipe under University Avenue, so the drainage network on this site must flow out to the gutters of University Avenue.

Compliance requires that the total area of the planters be at least 4% of the area of the roof; the new library will have a roof area of roughly 10,000 square feet, thus requiring that the flow-through planters have an area of 400 square feet. The proposed plan has 437 square feet

of flow-through planters. In addition, most paving on site will be permeable, and the water that drains through it will be collected in sub-surface pipes that connect to the gutter. 2. The City of Berkeley mandates that we meet the Bay-Friendly Guidelines. Since the landscape area of this project is less than 2,500 square feet, this project must satisfy the 9 required items on the Bay-Friendly Checklist, but full certification is not required. Nevertheless, any project that meets Alameda County’s C.3 requirements will by default satisfy several other items on the Checklist, so our plans will attempt to satisfy additional items if feasible. The nine requirements govern the selection of plants and the design of the irrigation system. The landscape and irrigation plans will meet the requirements.

3. The landscape design will account for a few credits in the project’s LEED certification, such as irrigation efficiency (WE 1.1). Additional credits for stormwater treatment (SS 6.1, SS 6.2, SS 7.1) should be achieved through the engineering design of our flow-through planters and drainage system. The details of those points will be worked out in future design stages.

4. The site design allows for universal accessibility throughout the site. The finished floor elevation of the building was set with accessibility in mind. The detailed grading plan shows how we have achieved accessibility on all paths and at all entrances.

2.3 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

For lowest initial construction cost and lowest possible carbon footprint, the structure will be wood-framed. Exterior walls and roof joists will have extra width and depth to provide extra insulation thickness for improved thermal performance and occupant comfort. The roof will be framed with wood I-joists spanning to glulam beams. Glulam posts will be used wherever practical, and steel tube posts will be used where required. Skylight openings in the roof will be framed out with glulam beams, and diaphragm shear will be transferred across the openings via steel rod cross-bracing.

The foundation will be a reinforced concrete mat slab (14” to 16” thick) with two feet-wide turned down edges extending a minimum of three feet below lowest adjacent grade to minimize seasonal soil moisture swings and expansive soil effects. The top of mat slab will be recessed by 7” between curbs to allow 2” of rigid foam insulation and a 5” topping slab with radiant piping to be placed over the mat slab.



The southern storefront and trellis will be framed using steel tubes. The four entryway pillars will be steel tubes wrapped with wood framing, plywood and stucco. The tall columnar walls at the southwest and southeast corners of the building will be constructed from glulam studs enclosed with plywood and stucco.

2.4 ARCHITECTURE

Exterior Envelope

1. Fiber Cement Panels

The fiber cement panel siding system will be designed on rain screen principles. The assembly will be supported by Type V wood frame system. Rock wool insulation will be provided within the framing cavity; the overall R-value will be 21, including the effect of intervening wood studs. The interior side of the framing system will be finished with gypsum board. An air barrier will be applied to the exterior sheathing; which will be Dense Glass Gold or equivalent.

2. Curtainwall System

The curtainwall system located on the south elevation will consist of double-insulated glazing panels, which will be a combination of a clear glass, translucent white glass and pale blue tint with low “E” coating. These will be installed with two conditions: (1) over an insulated wall or as a spandrel condition with insulation; (2) over a window opening. The basis of design for the curtainwall will be Arcadia T-500 Series.

All exterior aluminum doors are thermally broken and contain insulated glazing panels.

3. Wood Panel Siding

Wood panel siding system will be installed over Type 5 wood framing system using standard rain screen principles. A sustainably-harvested wood species, resin-infused to create high durability and fire resistance, will be laid up horizontally with 3/4” gaps. This lumber material has the trade name DreamDex and is available locally. Rock wool insulation will be provided within the framing cavity; the overall R-value will be 21 including the effect of the framing members.

The interior side of the framing system will be finished with gypsum board. An air barrier will be applied to the exterior sheathing; which will be Dense Glass Gold or equivalent.

4. Cement Plaster Exterior Finish

Cement plaster finish will be applied over Type 5 wood framing system, with sand float finish. Control joints will be drawn, dimensioned and specified to avoid cracking in any direction. System will be flashed using single pieces of stainless steel flashing. Rock wool insulation will be provided within the framing cavity; the overall R-value will be 21 including the effect of the framing members. The interior side of the framing system will be finished with gypsum board of Type 5 finish. An air barrier will be applied to the exterior sheathing; which will be Dense Glass Gold or equivalent.

5. Skylights

The framing system will sit on wood frame roof system with R-50 rock wool insulation below the sheathing. The basis of design will be Velux flat panel, insulated venting skylights with interior shade, utilizing clear glass. Gypsum board on the interior side of the skylight shafts will be finished with a Level 5 finish.

6. Single-Ply Roofing

The roof assembly will be a white single-ply. The fully adhered membrane will be either reinforced TPO meeting requirements of FM Approvals’ Wind Uplift Classification 1-90. The system will be required to carry a minimum 20-year warranty. Details on warranty to be further specified in the next phase of design.

Interior Systems

1. Interior Partitions

Typical Walls will be 5/8” gypsum board on both sides of 2-3/4” X 7-1/2” mini-lam studs @ 24” o.c.

2. Acoustically Sensitive Room Separation Walls

Multipurpose room, Teen Room, private offices, toilet rooms, etc., will be 5/8” gypsum board on both sides of wood studs to underside of structure above. Provide acoustical sealant at all joints. Provide sound attenuation insulation within the cavity as shown in wall type detail.

3. Ceiling

Ceiling in the public areas will be composed of large planes of painted gypsum board and acoustic absorbing material suspended from the structure above. Planes will be placed in relation to the skylight openings and will also serve as light diffusing surfaces.



The standard acoustic ceiling in the Literacy suite, Multipurpose Room and Staff Work area will be an exposed tee, suspended aluminum intermediate-duty system to receive acoustical ceiling panels. A w-shaped shadow molding shall be typically provided at room perimeters. All exposed cut edges of raised tegular ceiling panels shall be painted.

• Toilet Rooms and Soffits 5/8” gypsum board (non-sag) on wood stud

suspended framing system.

• Exterior Plaster Ceilings Provide cement plaster anchored to suspended

framing system at entrance locations.

4. Flooring

Linoleum flooring is proposed for all non-utility and non-toilet room spaces. Thin set ceramic tile will be used at all toilet rooms. Dexotex material will be used at utility spaces and mechanical/electrical room.

5. Wall Finishes A level 5 finish is required at all gypsum board walls taller than 10 feet in height or adjacent to glazing, soffits, fascia panels.

Ceramic Tile will be used at all toilet room walls. Cementitious backer board should be provided in lieu of gypsum board.

6. Doors

Interior doors will typically be 3’-0” x 8’-0” flush solid core premium grade wood doors with wood finish, set in 18 gauge welded hollow metal frames. Eggers doors are recommended for their use of certified sustainable wood product.

Exterior doors will be aluminum frame to match the curtainwall system. Frames will be medium stile and thermally broken.

7. Casework and Shelving

All back-of-house casework will be plastic laminate on all surface of mdf panels. All public casework will be wood veneered with plastic laminate on non exposed surfaces of mdf panels. Casework will have European style concealed hinges, specialty pulls and silencers.

Exterior Stair

Prefabricated painted, galvanized metal stair with metal treads, guardrails and handrails.

Specialties / Equipment

1. Toilet Partitions

Floor mounted solid plastic HDPE toilet compartments, 100% recycled material and recyclable in the future.

2. Lockers

Solid plastic HDPE lockers, 100% recycled material and recyclable in the future.

See the Outline Specification for additional items.

Specialties

1. Library Shelving

All shelving and media storage units will be metal library shelving for stack shelving. Basis of design will be Montel Aetnastak.

2. Window Shades

Mechoshades at all exterior windows on south and east elevations. Motorized shades will be used at the large window in the Adult Reading area, the large west-facing window at the Multipurpose Room and the clerestory windows in the Multipurpose Room (primarily for room-darkening.) 2.5 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Design Criteria



Proposed Mechanical System

With the intent to achieve Net Zero Energy Building, the design uses natural ventilation to condition the building. Natural ventilation, unlike fan-forced ventilation, uses the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh air into buildings. It is crucial that the occupants understand natural ventilation will not move interior conditions into the comfort zone 100% of the time. Occupants should expect a swing in internal temperature. Room design temperatures can fluctuate between 68°F to 78°F. The mechanical heating and cooling system will only operate during peak days.

Heating

Radiant slab and radiators will be used throughout the building. Radiant slab is used as it is a good way to store thermal energy during the winter. Radiators locate in front of operable windows to preheat ventilation air. The hot water will be supplied to the slab and radiator piping using a solar thermal HW system. Three (3) 115-gallon solar heating storage tanks will be used as a source of thermal storage medium. A heat dump system shall be implemented to prevent the collectors from overheating during the summer.

For peak heating days or in case of sequential days of bad weather, three (3) 4.5-ton air source heat pumps locate in the mechanical room will be used as backup. Three (3) condensing units serving the heat pumps will be located outside the building or on the roof.

Most, if not all, occupied rooms shall have individually controllable thermostats. The solar thermal HW system will operate under its own packaged controls.

Ventilation

Natural ventilation using automated high louvers/windows and manually operated low windows with security screen on the north side of the building. Solar activated chimneys will be located on the south side, facing University Avenue to drive the natural flow of fresh air through the building. Fresh air will be introduced to internal rooms through air inlet towers or wall louvers with exhaust in each room to solar activated chimney. Small inline exhaust fan locates inside the chimney shall assist with create more air movement drawing air through the building. Care must be taken in designing such that natural ventilation code is met in all occupied spaces. To do this, each room shall have windows of operable area equaling 4% of the floor area. Also, all

spaces shall be within 25 ft of an operable window. In places that do not meet natural ventilation, supplemental exhaust shall be supplied to encourage airflow.

Mechanical exhaust shall be provided for any janitor’s closet or restroom that does not have a window.

Cooling

The building can be cooled by natural ventilation most of the time. For peak days, air source heat pumps used in heating system will be sized to complement the cooling load, and be available for peak cooling load days. Space ventilation fans shall be installed to improve air movement in the space.

2.6 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Proposed Electrical System

Power System & Distribution

The electrical systems will be designed to utilize the available three-phase utility power source. Based on principles of energy conservation, the electrical system will include occupancy sensors, photocells and lighting control system to regulate the use of the energy when the luminaires are not being used and in response to the amount of daylight available.

New Service

Based on load calculations as well as connected HVAC, lighting and electrical equipment load and the photovoltaic system for the library, one (1) 800A, 208/120 Volt, 3-phase, 4-wire rated main disconnect switch and service will be required. Connected to the main switchboard will be three (3) panelboards rated at 200A, 200A and 150A, provided for the receptacle, lighting, and HVAC loads. The panelboards will be equipped with branch circuit monitors to meter the energy usage of every individual circuit and allow trend logging. The meters will interface with the Building Management System (BMS) to allow data compilation and display at a central location. Two (2) dedicated breakers from the main switchboard, rated at 100A each, will be provided for photovoltaic (PV) system. The PV system will be composed of two (2) grid-tied inverters with built-in disconnects, each sized at 30kW to support half of the solar panel modules



on the roof. This increases the overall reliability of the system compared to a single inverter system. Separate revenue grade meters will be provided to measure the system output and allow real-time and trend monitoring through the BMS.

Fire Alarm System

Although a fire alarm system is not required by Code for a type B occupancy, TDE recommends a new fire alarm system be considered as it is fairly common for public access buildings such as a library to have one in order to increase safety.

Fire alarm devices, such as smoke detectors, strobes and horns, will be placed according to NFPA 72 code, such as in all regularly occupied areas, as well as the corridors and restrooms. Furthermore, the FACP (Fire Alarm Control Panel) will need to be installed at the main entrance of the building, where the fire fighters can easily locate it. Lastly, manual pull stations are required to be located at the exit doors. 2.7 PLUMBING ENGINEERING

Proposed Fire Protection System

The system design shall be based on local fire protection authority design criteria and the City of Berkeley Fire Department shall approve the sprinkler plans with hydraulic calculations.

All fire sprinkler work shall be designed in accordance with the authority having jurisdiction, the building code, and the requirements of the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), Fire Marshal, and the owner’s insurance agency. The project shall include a complete building automatic sprinkler system subject to the approval of the Fire Marshal. A wet pipe sprinkler system shall be used throughout the facility integrated with the existing decorative trusses and beams at the ceilings. A possible, preferred option will be the use of sidewall sprinklers. The new building fire protection system shall be connected to the street main. All fire protection requirements including fire hose, automatic sprinklers, flow demands, approval of detector check valve, fire main, and fire department connections shall be determined with the City of Berkeley Fire Department and be checked and approved by the Fire Marshal.

The new fire protection incoming water supply line to the building shall be sized based on the hydraulic calculations that shall be submitted by the fire protection contractor. The new fire protection line shall feed fire

water into the new system with a point of connection at the location determined by the City of Berkeley Fire Department. In addition, the City of Berkeley Fire Department shall determine a new fire riser with a reduced pressure type backflow preventer. The new fire riser shall be located at the interior of the building and shall be provided with a means of drainage for service. The new fire protection system shall be hydraulically calculated based upon the latest requirements of the NFPA.

The new automatic fire sprinkler system shall be designed and installed to the latest NFPA 13, 14 and the City of Berkeley standard requirements. The Fire sprinkler contractor shall provide a design build new fire sprinkler system including the hydraulic design and calculations, complete with floor-control valve assemblies for each zone. System will be supplied with black steel Schedule 40 piping and Victaulic type mechanical joints.

Proposed Plumbing Systems

General

The installation shall be upgraded to comply with all the governing codes mentioned and shall meet all requirements of local standards.

Domestic cold water and hot water, sanitary sewer and vent, and storm sewer systems shall be designed and installed to the current codes. The system shall be complete, including connections to all plumbing fixtures and equipment in the building.

The isolation of piping shall be done to minimize or eliminate the water-flow noise. All water supply piping, hot water piping, waste and drain piping shall be installed with acoustical isolators and shall be vibration isolated from any structural members, wall sections or other materials that could transmit sound to the occupied areas. All piping, pipe connectors, or valves shall not be allowed to directly touch the structure studs, gypsum board or other pipes. All piping support shall be provided as required by International Code and SMACNA guidelines.

The water supply piping shall be sized to maintain maximum water flow rates at 5 feet per second for pipes 2-inches and smaller. Note: Hot water piping shall be sized for a maximum flow rate of 4 feet per second to conform to the plumbing code.



All sanitary waste systems shall be sloped at ¼ inch per foot, except where noted to conform to the structure. The storm drainage system shall be sloped at ¼ inch per foot to clear structure or ductwork.

Building energy conservation measures shall be implemented. The energy saving in plumbing systems shall be implemented by reducing domestic water temperatures, resulting in less heat loss from the piping. The insulation for piping and equipment shall be provided to minimize heat loss, to protect against personal burns, reduce noise and control condensation.

Water will be distributed through mains, risers, and branches to plumbing fixtures and equipment.

Cold water system will be designed to maintain a maximum velocity of 6 fps at design flow conditions. Hot water return system will be designed to a maximum velocity of 4 feet per second.

All Cold Water piping, components, and equipment subject to sweating will be insulated with appropriate thickness of fiberglass and covered with fire retardant jacket.

Domestic Hot Water

Point-of use (electrical) system will be installed in each restrooms to accommodate the hot water demand.

Sanitary Waste and Vent System

Soil, waste and vent systems above grade will consist of service weight hub-less cast iron soil pipe with standard type stainless steel no-hub couplings with neoprene gaskets. Soil, waste and vent piping below ground will consist of service weight hub-less cast iron soil pipe with heavy-duty type no-hub couplings with neoprene gaskets.

Plumbing Fixtures

All fixtures shall at a minimum conform to the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992 fixture rating requirements is listed in Table 3 below. To further minimize water use TDE recommends that fixtures with flow rates listed in Table 4 be used.

Insulation

All piping, components, and equipment subject to sweating or heat loss will be insulated with appropriate

thickness of fiberglass and fire retardant jacket.

Provide insulation for hot water and hot water circulation piping to fixture rough-ins as required by energy code, but not less than 1½-inch thick. Provide insulation on domestic hot water storage tanks with insulation thickness not less than 3 inches using fiberglass insulation and aluminum jacket.

Storm and domestic cold water piping will be insulated for acoustics using a minimum of ¾-inch thick for ¾-inch and smaller piping, 1-inch thick for 1 though 2-inch piping, 1½-inch for 2½-inch and larger piping.

All valves installed in water piping systems shall be insulated with same thickness as line size of piping.

Table 3: EPACT 1992 Fixture Flow Rate Requirements

Table 4: Low Flow Fixture Flow Rates

Design Development Phase Report - Berkeley, California › uploadedFiles...This report is an update...

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