Design & construction of secure waste landfill
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Transcript of Design & construction of secure waste landfill
Types of Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Industrial Hazardous Waste
Bio Medical Waste(from Hospital)
E- Waste (Electronic Waste)
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Consists of :
Household waste (From Kitchen &
household Rubbish)
Construction and demolition
debris
Commercial waste (from shops-
offices)
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
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Consists of waste from:
Petrochemical industries
Metallurgical industries
Pharmaceutical industries
Fertilizer industries
Other hazardous process
industries
Industrial Hazardous Waste
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Waste Type Laws in India Action by Enforcement
Authority
Municipal Solid
Waste
Municipal Waste
Management &
Handling Rules -2000
City Municipality State Pollution
Control Board
Industrial Waste
Hazardous Waste
Management &
Handling Rules- 1989
Industry State Pollution
Control Board
E-Waste E-waste Rules-2011 All Electronic
users &
manufacturers
State Pollution
Control Board
Bio Medical
Waste
Bio-Medical Waste
Rules -1998
Hospitals State Pollution
Control Board
Applicable laws for Waste Disposal
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To ensure that:
• Waste is disposed in scientific manner
• So that waste disposal does not damage
air, water, soil, human health due its
chemical, acidic, radioactive
characteristics.
Scope of Waste Laws & Rules
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Disposal of Waste to Landfill
Landfills are ultimate means of disposal of waste
These inert waste like construction debris etc have
large volume approximately 60 to 70 % of MSW
Large area is required for secured landfill.
The cost of landfill construction is Rs 500 to Rs 1500
per ton of waste.
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Time of Decomposition of waste
Type of Waste Time to Decompose
Organic wastes : vegetable & fruit peels,
leftover food stuff etc.
2 - 7 days
Paper 10-30 days
Cotton Cloth 2 - 5 months
Carpets 1 year
Tin, Aluminum cans etc. 100-500 years
Plastic Bags, one million years
Glass Bottles Undetermined
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Microorganism decomposes waste mass into leachate and methane gas
First stage: aerobic organism converts waste into simple organic compounds, CO2 & H2O.
Second Stage: anerobic organism converts organic compounds into H2,NH3,H2O, CO2 & organic acids.
Third Stage: methane forming organism converts organic acid into CH4.
Process of decomposition of Waste
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Leachate (Toxic Liquid) is generated due to decomposition of waste in the landfill.
Leachate contains acid, heavy metals, other toxic elements.
Leachate contaminates ground water resources.
Leachate is collected in wells inside landfill & pumped out for treatment.
Leachate in landfill
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Methane gas is generated in waste mass
Gas is collected in pipe & taken out from landfill
Gas is sent to power plant (high calorific value)
Gas travels underground in cracks of rocks if not pumped out.
Gas accumulated in nearby area (foundation of buildings and causes explosion.
Landfill Gas (Methane)
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Design & Construction of Landfill
(1) Characterization of waste
(2) Design of Impervious Liner
(3) Reclamation of Leachate
(4) Construction of landfill
(5) Operation of landfill
(6) Environmental Monitoring
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GUIDELINES FOR LANDFILL DESIGN
(1) Central Pollution Control Board-India -1998
Guidelines for setting up of operative facility :
Hazardous Waste Management
(http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_133_M
SW-REPORT.pdf)
(2) USA Environment Protection Agency
The Guide for Industrial Waste Management
(https://www.epa.ie/pubs/advice/waste/waste/EPA_l
andfill_site_design_guide.pdf)
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Major elements of Landfill
The secured land fill consists
• HDPE liner,
• leachate collection well & pipe network,
• earth moving machineries,
• site office,
• workshop
• Green belt etc.
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Typical Section of landfill (US EPA)
Waste material
2.1 mm thick GeoTextile Sheet
100 mm Sand Layer
300 mm Gravel Layer
Perforated pipe
265 mm Clay Layer
1.5 mm HDPE Sheet
235 mm Clay
2.1 mm Geo Textile Sheet
100 mm Sand Layer
300 mm Gravel Layer
600 mm Clay Layer
Natural Ground 17