DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PARKING FIXTURE · 2018. 7. 31. · Manikandan.A. BE(MECH) MBA(HR) Sheik...
Transcript of DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PARKING FIXTURE · 2018. 7. 31. · Manikandan.A. BE(MECH) MBA(HR) Sheik...
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PROJECT REPORT ON
DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF
PARKING FIXTURE
Submitted by
Manikandan.A. BE(MECH) MBA(HR)
Sheik Mohammed.S. BE(MECH)
Manos Simson.T. BE(MECH)
Prakashraj.V.S. BE(MECH)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to bring forth our sincere thanks to our beloved PRINCIPAL
Dr.S.NAGARAJAN M.E., Ph.D., for providing all the necessary facilities for the
completion of the project
I wish to express our sincere thanks to our Internal guide Mrs. D.PRITIMA
M.E., (Ph.D.,) for her guidance and suggestions throughout this project.
I would like to express our sincere thanks to our external guide CAPT.
WILLIAM for his valuable ideas, continuous encouragement and supervision during this
project.
I wish to express our sincere thanks to all of our All Mechanical staffs &
Nonteaching staffs for their valuable guidance and suggestions throughout this project
work.
Our sincere thanks to Parents & Friends
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
ABSTRACT 6
LIST OF TABLE 7
LIST OF SYMBOLS 8
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL 9
1.2 JIGS & FIXTURES 9
1.3 PROBLEMS FACED BY HUMAN 11
1.4 PLAN COPIED FROM
CAR PARKING 12
1.5 PLAN IN BRIEF 13
1.6 CALACULATIONS 13
1.7 MAIN MATERIALS USED 14
2. MAIN THEME OF THE PROJECT
2.1 TO REDUCE PARKING PROBLEMS 18
2.2 PTC CREO 19
2.3 ANSYS 20
2.4 DESIGN 22
2.5 AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM 25
2.6 MEASUREMENTS TAKEN 26
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2.7 TO SAVE TIME 30
2.8 ADVANTAGES 31
2.9 DISADVANTAGES 32
2.10 TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES 32
2.11 TO MODERNIZE UNDEVELOPED
AREAS 33
2.12 FULL MODEL PROTOTYPE 34
2.13 DESCRIPTION 35
2.14 TOOLS USED FOR OUR PROTOTYPE36
2.15 COMPLEX TOOLS USED 37
2.16 FIXING PROCEDURE 37
2.17 ESTIMATED COST 39
3. CONCLUSION
3.1 CONCLUDE OUR OPINION 39
3.2 TO FIND DIFFERENT IDEAS 40
4. REFERENCE 40
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ABSTRACT:
Since we know, there are lot of problems in parking our two wheelers in developing
areas and towns, we are developing this project on Parking fixture. This project focuses on
two wheelers only (ie., how easily a two wheeler can be parked). This also reduces human
effort. Human can easily park it. This system can be adopted in any places like
institutions, or any small scale or large scale industries. This system will soonly be spread
for human convenience as we expected.
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List of Tables
S.No. Table Details Page No.
1. Measurement Table 14
2. Estimated cost Table 39
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List of Figures
S.No. Table Details Pg.no
1. Design of our prototype 22
2. Layout of prototype
3. Full model prototype 34
4. Tools used 36
1. Design of our prototype - Pg. No. 14
2. Layout of prototype - Pg. No. 18
3. Full model of prototype - Pg. No.19
4. Tools used - Pg. No. 20
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
There are lot of projects done in engineering field. This is a big idea of a simple
project. A single idea may change our life. Also a mistake may change everything. First of
all, human need safety for their life. If a safety is not there in any institution, people won’t
prefer that institution. Safety in the sense, mean all type of safety including individual
parking vehicles. This project focuses only on two-wheelers.
1.2 Jigs and Fixtures:
Some machining operation are so simple’ which are done quite easily, such as
turning, the job is held in position in the chuck and turning operation is done easily. No
other device is required to hold the job or to guide the tool on the machine in such an
operation. But some operations are such type in which the tool is required to be guided by
means of another device and also some jobs are of such forms which are required to be
held in position on the machine by means of another device. The device which guides the
tool is called jig and the device which holds the job in position is called fixture.
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Jigs:
The most-common jigs are drill and boring jigs. These tools are fundamentally the
same. The difference lies in the size, type, and placement of the drill bushings. Boring jigs
usually have larger bushings. These bushings may also have internal oil grooves to keep
the boring bar lubricated. Often, boring jigs use more than one bushing to support the
boring bar throughout the machining cycle.
Fixtures:
Fixtures have a much-wider scope of application than jigs. These workholders are
designed for applications where the cutting tools cannot be guided as easily as a drill. With
fixtures, an edge finder, center finder, or gage blocks position the cutter. Examples of the
more-common fixtures include milling fixtures, lathe fixtures, sawing fixtures, and
grinding fixtures. Moreover, a fixture can be used in almost any operation that requires a
precise relationship in the position of a tool to a workplace.
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1.3 Problems faced by Human
Many problems are facing by human due to parking two-wheelers. The
problems are i) due to insufficient space many two –wheelers go out of that
institution or industry
ii) no proper safety of parking vehicles. If one vehicle is taking out of
that parking area, it may clash or crush other bikes.
iii) proper checking is not in some institution. This leads to stealing of
bikes.
…etc., likewise , there are many problems facing by humans in parking vehicles. In order
to avoid these kind of problems, we are developing this project. This will surely help
many institution (or) small scale industries (or) large scale industries.
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For example, in our Madurai, all maasi streets are always fulfilled with two-
wheelers. The new comer to those streets will in search of atleast 5 minutes. Then after
rush hours the new comer has to park vehicle in an adjustment state. So, in developing this
project, may helpful to customers. This project can be adopted in all shops underground.
1.4 Plan copied from car parking
In developed cities like Chennai, Bangalore, etc., we can see car
Parking in underground in a sequence order.Its just like a lift process. Once the car is
parked, the parked car is taken into some floor where there is an empty space for parking
it, then there the car is parked. The Same procedure is followed here. Only a single
modulation is made. In carparking, once the car is parked, we can lift without any
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vibration, because it is balanced four wheeler while in case of two-wheeler the parked
bikes may vibrate or tend to fall down. So, in order to avoid that mistake, parking fixture
is taken under project by our team members. It withholds the bike rim using hydraulic
pressure. This is the concept.
1.5Plan in brief:
Actually, we are doing our project in prototype, Since, it cost high budget in
doing it original. Our prototype is a small one. It shows the parking fixture of a normal
bike. We have done calculations based on two – wheelers.
1.6 calculations:
We have measured all two-wheelers (majorly used in Madurai) rim diameter.
Also the width of the tyre for all 2-wheelers.Then the wheelbase of all 2-wheelers.Then
one normal person with bike, measured total width and length of the bike.
The measurements vary for different bikes and we have taken most lowest
measurement and most highest measurement.
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Measured parts Maximum measurement
(mm)
Minimum Measurement
(mm)
Wheelbase 1900 1135
Back Wheel tyre width 80 40
Length of the bike 200 1250
1.7 MAIN MATERIALS USED:
1.7.1 HYDRAULIC JACK:
It is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock
impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of
energy (typically heat) which is the dissipated. A shock absorber is a type of dashpot.
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Pneumatic and hydraulic shock absorbers are used in conjunction with
cushions and springs. An automobile shock absorber contains spring loaded check valves
and orifices to control the flow of oil through an internal piston(see below).
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A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which a non-
compressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure by an external source. The external
source can be aspring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas. An accumulator enables a
hydraulic system to cope with extremes of demand using a less powerful pump, to respond
more quickly to a temporary demand, and to smooth out pulsations. It is a type of energy
storage device.
One design consideration, when designing or choosing a shock absorbed, is
where that energy will go. In most shock absorbers, energy is converted to heat inside the
viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic fluid heats up, while in air cylinders,
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the hydraulic fluid heats up, while in air cylinders, the hot air is usually exhausted to the
atmosphere. In other types of shock absorbers, such as electromagnetic types, the
dissipated energy can be stored and used later. In general terms, shock absorbers help
cushion vehicles on uneven roads.
1.7.2 ALUMINIUM PLATE:
We choose aluminium plate, because it can withstand maximum load.
It is remarkable for the metal’s low density and for its ability to resist corrosion due to the
phenomenon of passivation. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys
are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other areas of transportation and
structural materials, such as building facades and window frames.
For this purpose of low density and high load, we have choosenaluminium plate.
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MAIN THEME OF THE PROJECT
2.1 TO REDUCE PARKING PROBLEMS
One of our team member is a very grace bike rider. He rides all kinds
of bike in Madurai. He rides most times in highways, because he uses his bike to travel to
long places only. Once, he ride in Madurai maasi streets for his purchases. He feels bad
about Madurai parking system. Everyone is parking in roadside, some can’t of space
problems. He purchased 10 materials for 3 hours. He used to park bike in front of that
shop, but it takes long time as well as rush to park it. In order to solve this problem, he
discussed with our external guide as mentioned earlier, Mr. GeorgeWillamson to solve
this problem.
With our god grace, there is a project undertaken by our external guide
based on parking problems. Our member discussed with him to be a part of their project.
That’s how we are reasoned for doing this project. We are doing a part of it.(i.e., parking
fixture of two wheelers).
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2.2 PTC CREO
Creo is a family or suite of design software supporting product design for discrete
manufacturers and is developed by PTC. The suite consists of apps,
ach delivering a distinct set of capabilities for a user role within product development. Creo
runs on Microsoft Windows and provides apps for 3D CAD parametric feature solid
modeling, 3D direct modeling, 2Dorthographic views, Finite Element Analysis and
simulation, schematic design, technical illustrations, and viewing and visualization.
Creo Elements/Pro and Creo Parametric compete directly with CATIA, Siemens
NX/Solidedge, and Solidworks. The Creosuite of apps replace and supersede PTC’s
products formerly known as Pro/ENGINEER, CoCreate, and ProductView. PTC began
developing Creo in 2009, and announced[2] it using the code name Project Lightning at
PlanetPTC Live, in Las Vegas, in June 2010. In October 2010, PTC unveiled[3] the product
name for Project Lightning to be Creo. PTC released[4]Creo 1.0 in June 2011.
PTC Creo, formerly known as Pro/ENGINEER, is a 3D CAD/CAM/CAE feature-
based, associative solid modeling software. It is one of a suite of 10 collaborative
applications that provide solid modeling, assembly modelling, 2D orthographic
views, finite element analysis, direct and parametric modelling, sub-divisional
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and NURBS surfacing, and NC and tooling functionality formechanical designers. Creo
Elements/Parametric compete directly with Solidworks, CATIA, and NX/Solid Edge. It
was created by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) and was the first of its kind to
market.[1]
The application runs on Microsoft Windows. The UNIX version was discontinued
after 4.0,[2] except x86-64 UNIX on Solaris.[3]The name changed to Creo 1.0 after
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0 (rebranded PTC Creo Elements/Pro),[4] took place on
October 28, 2010, which coincided with PTC’s announcement of Creo, a new design
software application suite. Creo Elements/Pro will be discontinued after version 2 in favor
of the Creo design suite.
2.3 ANSYS:
Ansys, Inc. is an American Computer-aided engineering software developer headquartered
south of Pittsburgh in Cecil Township, Pennsylvania, United States. Ansys publishes
engineering analysis software across a range of disciplines including finite element
analysis, structural analysis, computational fluid dynamics, explicit and implicit methods,
and heat transfer.
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ANSYS Autodyn is computer simulation tool for simulating the response of
materials to short duration severe loadings from impact, high pressure or
explosions.ANSYS Mechanical is a finite element analysis tool for structural analysis,
including linear, nonlinear and dynamic studies. Thiscomputer simulation product
provides finite elements to model behavior, and supports material models and equation
solvers for a wide range of mechanical design problems. ANSYS Mechanical also
includes thermal analysis and coupled-physics capabilities
involving acoustics, piezoelectric, thermal–structural and thermo-electric analysis.
ANSYS HFSS is a Finite Element Analysis tool for simulating full-wave electromagnetic
fields. HFSS incorporates finite element, integral equation, and hybrid methods to solve a
wide range of microwave, RF and high-speed digital applications
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_simulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_element_analysishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_analysishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_simulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_elementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transferhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_Element_Analysishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_elementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_equationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_electronics
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2.4 DESIGN OF PARKING FIXTURE
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So, this project is mainly undertaken to reduce parking problems in
developing cities like Madurai. Surely, this will make atleast a part to a developed city.
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ANSYS RESULT GOT
This was the first one we got, when we designed. The dark red denotes that the deflection
of the project. Hopefully there is no deflection in our project. so, we got best results.
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2.5AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM:
In this system, the two-wheeler will be parked automatically, by sensing its number
plate. For example, In foreign countries, cars crossing in toll gates, there won’t be
securities to collect money. Cars must having a rechargeable card. In that card, the
amount will be there. Cars while crossing tollgates, there will be sensor unit and sensing
the card and allowed the car to cross the toll gate.
Likewise, this principle is used here. Bike must have a rechargeable card, when
entering into the parking system, the number plate of the bike is sensed and if the amount
is taken from the card, the bike will be taken into parking automatically. While in parking,
there will be lifting the bike, there are possible of vibrating or shaking of bikes. In order to
avoid those problems, our parking fixture is developed. It holds the bike firmly. While in
departing, the person have to enter their bike’s number plate, the parking system detects
and grounds the sensed bike.
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2.6 MEASUREMENTS TAKEN:
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2.7 TO SAVE TIME
This project is undertaken also for to save time. As you people know,
nowadays man has no time even to enjoy the nature. He is moving very fast. If a
technology goes slow, no one will take care of it. If that technology is faster, everyone’s
attention will be there.
In hospitals, pharmacies, theatres, there are not enough space to park two
wheelers. If a two-wheeler gives entry @ earlier, that two-wheeler will be safe @ parking,
too difficult to take off that two-wheeler. If a man in rush, he will be parking his two-
wheeler by putting side stand, that may occupy more width space. The adjustment of side
stand doesn’t favour all time. So, the securities or the parking incharger may insist
customers to park in centre stand. The adjustment of this way can favour more time, but
this takes little time away. In order to reduce that problems, we are developing this
method.
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2.8 ADVANTAGES:
The main advantage of this method is that, we can park two-wheeler very
easily & safely.
➢ In a sequence order, the bike parking will be done.
➢ If a bike is in progress of parking, while taking off from that bike, he no
need to put any stand, he can just go ahead for his job.
➢ After parking his bike, he can take the bike by clicking the rack no.
(where his bike is parked), it will be coming down with your bike.
➢ It is a very easy process
➢ It is more safe compared to security guards.
➢ Errors are less
The second advantage of making this project to save time
✓ This process makes time consumption
✓ This process makes rush free hours
✓ This process makes good looking of parking system
This project is undertaken to show how the city is developed & modernized
❖ This is also mainly made for quite looking good environment.
❖ This is specially made for showing the grown technologies.
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❖ Also this kind of environment been suggested by high class people.
❖ This may looks good & show that , that place is a developed one.
2.9 DISADVANTAGES:
We can’t found out disadvantages from our project, comments are welcomed.
2.10 TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES:
Under many fields, the technologies are growing very faster than a growing
child’s IQ. But, the usage of that technologies are less. Many more technologies are found
out even before thinking of it. This technology of parking system is a copied one from car
parking system. Now, it’s been also used for two-wheeler parking system. From here, I
explain that the usage of technology varies. The usage of these new technologies reduces
human effort. This is very helpful to human.
Later, in future, is any technology developed based on parking system, we
have to update to that method. We have to update the technologies to latest versions to
find good quality.
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2.11 TO MODERNIZE DEVELOPING AREAS
If a city is said to be developed, that city has updated all the technologies.
They also have the old collections also. In general, all institutions and industries, they
don’t take much care of parking vehicles. But, in developed cities like Mumbai, they are in
take of every step to make a industry attractive and modernized. That’s a kind of business.
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2.12 FULL MODEL PROTOTYPE
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The model we have done as shown in the design. This is a small prototype.
Here, the parking fixture, in this prototype, the bike will be parked without
putting stand and the hydraulic pressure jack will hold the rim and tyre. We have designed
in an I-shaped prototype. We can see the below picture with a normal bike parked in our
prototype.
2.13 DESCRIPTION:
We have used Aluminium plate of small thickness, we have used two aluminium plates.
Also the main heart of the prototype, hydraulic jack are used. Then, to fix it in the plates,
L-clamp is used. Then a small bike is placed.
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2.14 TOOLS USED FOR THIS PROTOTYPE
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From 1st picture, we can see a portable small driller machine, then a cutting disc, drill bits,
and then the grinding tools. From 2nd picture, we can see 2 vice for holding the sheets to
be cutted and drilled.
2.15 COMPLEX TOOLS USED:
Driller machine, the portable machine is very oftenly used to operate the sheet. It is used
for cutting the sheet, and drilled the holes and also grinded the surface. Without a driller
machine, no one process can’t be made.
Vice (2) are used to hold the sheet with a stool. This tool is also important.
Grinding tools are used to grind the surface after the cutting of the sheet.
Cutting disc tools are used to cut the sheets.
2.16 FIXED PROCEDURE:
Firstly, the design for this project is done. It takes one week to have the design. Then the
designed is taken into analysis, but the design is not safe to have. Then a week later, again
a new modulation is made. Now, it is taken into analysis, then its safe to have the
design.Almost 15 taken for this design and correct analysis. The design is a I shaped frame
with also a attached frame.
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In the first review of our project, we explained our project outcome and its uses to
save time in parking. The design is shown there. There all the staffs are concerned and its
okay for our project. Then the fabrication process is started. We have searched aluminium
plate of 6mm thickness, but its not available in Madurai. Also, the hydraulic pressure jack
costs high. Then, we had a problem to do this as original fabrication. We discussed our
internal guide and decided to do as a simple prototype.
For this prototype, we had some purchases. They are vices(2), driller machine for
rent for 10 days, cutting discs, L-clamp, Hydraulic pressure jack(4), Mainly ordered toy
bike, aluminium sheets. Then, we choose a vast space to do this prototype. Firstly we
have set the hydraulic jack on the aluminium sheet and measurements are made to cut the
sheet. Then, for cutting a rectangular shape, takes a long time. Then for L-clamp to be
fixed for hydraulic jack, we have to drill the hole. The drill bits are heavy to put a hole
harder. Then, by timing pass, we made a hole. Then, the same procedure for 4 sides.
Then we fitted the hydraulic jack and setup is ready. But, it was not filled, small works are
done. Then, the sheet is cutted into I-shaped. Also, again a sheet is cutted for the frame as
shown in design.
Finally, the design setup is ready. It is now fulfilled, it doesnot shake or vibrate.
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2.17 ESTIMATED COST:
S.No. Tools used Cost (Rs.)
1. Vice (2 * 150) 300
2. Hydraulic Jack (4 * 250) 100
3. Aluminium Plate 500
4. Other spare instruments for fitting & cutting 300
5. Electrical machine like hand operated driller machine
for rent
750
6. Ansys cost 500
7. Other expenses 300
8. Toy Bike 500
Total 4150
CONCLUSION
3.1 CONCLUDE OUR OPINION
We conclude here, that this parking system will surely be helpful to all people having two-
wheelers. Its easy and safe parking system. As I explained above how we are
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reasoned to this project, the aim has to be completed. This system should go beyond. This
type of system should be used in maals, theatres, hospitals, etc., This system looks good
and neat. It creates nice environment. If it is used, it looks modernized and updated. If
this system succeed, we would like to update this method.
3.2 TO GET DIFFERENT IDEAS
Actually, this is a copied plan system from car parking system. We have used this method
for two-wheelers. If this system succeed, and got sponsors, we would like to use different
ideas from this system based.
REFERENCES:
1. “JIGS & FIXTURES” book by : PrakashHirala Joshi, India
For the reference of fixture of parking two-wheelers
2. “Strength of Materials” book by : W.A. Nash
For the reference of measuring loads
3. “ Metallurgy Fundamentals” by : Daniel A. Brandit, J.C. Warner
For the reference of material choosing.
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