Design and Development of a Hydro-Turbine

John ConnorElisia Garcia

Som Tantipitham

Faculty Advisor: Dr. Quamrul Mazumder

Senior Engineering

Design Project - 2008

Abstract The usage of fossil fuels is slowly being replaced by

cleaner and more renewable sources of energy. Since Michigan has varying amounts of sunlight, the use of solar energy would not be practical. With the Flint River located on the campus of the University of Michigan-Flint, hydroelectric energy may be a feasible alternative. Connecting a micro-turbine to a generator and using the natural current of the river can prospectively generate 200 to 300 watts of energy. Funneling the water into the turbine will increase the velocity of the current. With more velocity, more revolutions the turbine will experience. Then, with the goal of 200 to 300 watts desired, the turbine will be equipped with the appropriate number of blades, along with appropriate blade angle. This will ensure that not only the desired energy is produced, but that also that the system is as efficient as possible.

Project ScheduleTask Name January February March April 8-Jan 14-Jan 21-Jan 28-Jan 4-Feb 11-Feb 18-Feb 25-Feb 3-Mar 10-Mar 17-Mar 24-Mar 31-Mar 7-Apr 14-Apr 21-Apr

Project Propsals

Background Research

Technical Paper (Abstract/Intro)

Technical Paper (Background)

Technical Paper (Current Work)

Technical Paper (Design Analysis)

Technical Paper (Final Correlations)

Design Proposal

Design (Detail Spec Drawings Pro-E)

Design Data Computations

Design Software Analysis

Machining (Casing)

Machining (Turbine)

Machining (Supports)

Machining (Generator Assemby)

Machining (Final Assembly)

Testing (Initial)

Testing (Modifications)

Testing (Final)

Project Status Report/Demonstration

Final Presentation

Estimated Task Completion Actual Task Completion

Schedule Performance Index: 102.68%

ProgressSchedule Performance Index Project Proposals (21 days/21 days) * 100 = 100% Background Research (21 days/28 days) * 100 = 75% Tech nical Paper (Abstract/Intro) (14 days/14 days) * 100 = 100% Tech nical Paper (Background) (14 days/28 days) * 100 = 75% Tech nical Paper (Current Work) (14 days/21 days) * 100 = 67% Tech nical Paper (Design Analysis) (14 days/7 days) * 100 = 200% Tech nical Paper (Final Correlations) (42 days/42 days) * 100 = 100% Design Proposals (28 days/28 days) * 100 = 100% Design (Detail Spec Drawings Pro-E) (28 days/28 days) * 100 = 100% Design (Data Computations) (28 days/28 days) * 100 = 100% Design Software Analysis (14 days/21 days) * 100 = 67% Machining (Casing) (7 days/7 days) * 100 = 100% Machining (Turbine) (14 days/14 days) * 100 = 100% Machining (Final Assembly) (14 days/7 days) * 100 = 200% Testing (Initial) (7 days/7 days) * 100 = 100% Testing (Modifications) (14 days/14 days)* 100 = 100% Testing (Final) (14 days/21 days)* 100 = 67% Project Status Report/Demonstration (14 days/14 days)* 100 = 100% Final Presentation (7 days/7 days) * 100 = 100% Overall Av erage = 102.68 %

Cost Analysis

EfficiencyRPM Outputs vs. Turbine Efficiency

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

268 532 800 1064

RPM Output

Tu

rbin

e E

ffic

ien

cy (

Perc

en

t)

The generator efficiency is directly proportional to the rpm

Force

Assume: ρwater = 62.4 lbm/ft3

Vwater init = 7.5 mph = 11ft/s

Vwater final = 7.0 mph = 10.26 ft/s

Propeller Diameter = 292 mm = 0 .958 ft

Area of Blade = 90 in2= 0.625 ft2

One dimensional Flow

vm water

slbsftftlbm m /3432)/55)(/4.62( 33

)( 12 vvmF

flbsftsftslbF 68.2539)/11/26.10)(/3432(

NlbbladeslbF ff 13.141246.317)8/68.2539(

AvV

sftsftbladesftV /55)/11)(8)(625.0( 32

Detail Drawings

FEA

Stress analysis for the turbine support frame

Max stress occurs at the fixed ends

Max stress of about 16000 Pa

FEA

Total deformation of support frame

Max deformation occurs where turbine rest

Max deformation of about 1.7e-8m

FEA

Stress analysis on the turbine

1400N forced placed on shaft

Max stress 14357Pa

FEA

Total deformation of turbine

1400N force placed on the shaft

Max deformations is about 0.17m

Cause of large deformations is because sheet metal was used for the blades

Assembly

Early Stage of Development: Housing for the Turbine

Assembly

First GeneratorDelivered 300W at 3400rpms

Assembly

Ametek 38 Volt Motor

Can deliver 300W with 600rpms

More compacted and lighter

Ametek 38 Volt Motor

Assembly

Early Stage of Development: Turbine

Changes from Original

Redesigned 10 blades turbine to 8 Reversed placement of generator on the

support to better fit the location Changed generators

Difficulties

First generator didn’t perform as expected

Water flow of the river was inconsistent River dried up before final testing could

be done

Difficulties

River dried up in the location that was going to be used

Plan B Testing

Using a power washer to simulate water flow Voltage output of 35.5V Using the performance curve, this is equivalent

to 398W of power

Completed Generator