DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

BY

MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA

2004118938EM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECIlNOLOGY

MINNA

. JANUARY, 2010

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

BY

MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA

2004/18938EM

A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirement For The

Award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng) Degree in Mechanical Engineering,

Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

JANUARY, 2010

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project has been conducted by me, under lhe

supervision of Mallam S.N. Mohammed and submitted to the Department of

Mechanical Engineering, school of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal

University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

MUHAMMED TANIMU DAUDA (2004/18938EM)

Signature & Date

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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project titled design and construction of hydraulic

Ram Pump" was carried out by Muhammad Tanimu Dauda under the superv ision of

Mallam S.N Mohammed and submitted to the mechanical engineering department ,

federal university of Technology, Minna in partial fulfilment of the requirement for

the award of a bachelor of engineering (B.eng) degree in mechanical engineering.

Mallam S. N. Mohammed (Project Supervisor)

Prof .R.H.Khan (Head of Departmeut)

Name: ---------------------------------(External Supervisor)

Signature & Date

Signature & Date

Signature & Date

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DEDICATION

This Project is dedicated to almighty ALLAH (SWT) for the gift of life

throughout my academic years. To my parents; Alhaji Dauda Ibrahim, Hajiya Hauwa

and Hajiya Umma Katume Dauda for their financial and moral support during these

periods.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise be to ALLAH the lord of mercy and forgiveness who has spared my li fe

up to this moment. lowe a great debt of gratitude to all those that offered assistance

and encouragement at the various stages of compiling this work.

First and foremost i want to start by expressing my sincere appreciation to Ill y

supervisor Mallam S.N Mohammed for taking his valuable time to read the

manuscript and make all the necessary corrections.

I am also highly indebted to my lovely brothers Yahya and Mohammed Sani

Dauda for their care and consideration they offer me within the period of this study.

Also a special thanks to muhammed mahadi of maintenance department PPMC

Kaduna.

Finally my sincere thanks to my neighbours, friends, brothers and sisters for

their support in all my days.

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ABSTRACT

Pump is a device that raises, transfers, or compresses fluid or that attenuates gas

especially by suction or pressures or both. The hydraulic ram pump is a simple

durable pump that can be used to deliver water from one source to another. The pump

has the following characteristics flow, drive that is how much water is available to run

the pump; drive head is the drop from the water level in the drive tank to the pump;

delivery flow is the amount of water flowing into the delivery tank while the delivery

head is the height from the pump up to the delivery tank. The normal operation ran ge

of this pump is 0.5 to 10 litres Iminute. The ram pumps are durable and either made

from iron casting or welded steel pipe. The readily available local materials have been

used to build the pump. No electricity or any power Ifuel is required to run the pump,

therefore, it is less expensive to own and operate.

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Cover page

Title page

Declaration

Certificate / Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Content

NotationlNomenclature

List of Figures

List of Tables

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Uses of Hydram

1.2 Aims and Objectives

1.3 Limitation

1.4 Scope of Project

1.5 Justification

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Origin of Pumps

2.2 What Are Pumps

2.2.1 Types of Pump

2.2.2 Piston Pumps

2.2.3 Centrifugal Pumps

2.2.4 Semi-Rotary Pumps

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II

III

IV

v

vi

vii

VIII

xi

X II

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2

2

2

3

4

4

7

7

8

9

II

2.2.5 Diaphragm Pumps

2.2.6 Niger Pump

2.2.7 The Power Pump

2.2.8 Submersible Pumps

2.2.9 Unicef No.6 Hand Pump

2.3.0 Windmill Water Pump

CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN CONSIDERATION

3.0 Design Consideration And Calculation

3.1 Design Analysis

3.1.1 Design Factors

3.1.2 Working Principle Of a Hydram

3.1.3 Theoretical Pressure Rise in a Hydram

3.2 Design Calculation

3.2.1 Design Specification

3.3 Determination Of Flow In The Drive Pipe

3.4 Evaluation Of Losses Due To Head And Pipe Fittings

3.4.1 Determination Of The Acceleration OF Flow In Drive Pipe

3.4.2 Determination Of Drag Force

3.4.3 Determination Of Pressure At Point 3

3.4.4 Evaluation Of Pump Efficiency

CHAPTER FOUR:DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS

4.0 Material Selection, Construction Procedure and Cost analysis

4.1 Material Selection

4.2 Construction Procedure

4.3 Making Of Air Chamber

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13

13

14

15

15

17

18

18

18

18

23

26

26

2()

27

29

30

31

32

33

33

34

34

4.4 Making The Mounting Legs 34

4.5 Cost Analysis 34

4.5.1 Cost of Material 34

4.5.2 Cost of Labour 35

4.5.3 Over Head 36

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 37

5.1 Conclusion 37

5.2 Recommendation 37

Reference 38

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NOMENCLATURE

SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION UNITS

f Frictional factors

a Acceleration due gravity m/s2

p Density of the fluid Kg/m3

v Kinematic viscosity m2/s

A Area of drive pipe m2

AT Area ofT junction m2

Av Area of value plate m3

a Acceleration of the flow in the pipe m/s2

Cd Co-efficient of drag m

D Diameter of pipe m

E Efficiency of pump

F Force that accelerator the flow 11

Fd Drag force 11

H Supply head m

Hd Delivery head 11

HL Head loss due to sudden enlargement m

HLT Head above the source m

KT Co-efficient of enlargement at t. junction

L Length ofthe pipe m

n No of beat circle c/mm

P Pressure m3/s

Q Flow rate in the pipe m3/s

Qd Flow rate delivery m3/s

Qw Flow rate waste m3/s

Re Reynolds Number m

R Radius m/sVT

Velocity of flow in T-junction m/s

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page

2.1 Double acting piston pump 9

2.2 Centrifugal Pump 11

2.3 Semi-rotary Pump 12

2.4 Diaphragm Pump 13

3.1 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence I 19

3.2 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 2 20

3.3 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 3 21

3.4 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 4 22

3.5 Typical Hydraulic Installation 23

4.1 Hydraulic Ram Pump Installation 31

5.1 AutcCAD Drawings Of Hydraulic Ram Pump

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