Design and Construction of Biogas Digester
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Transcript of Design and Construction of Biogas Digester
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7/29/2019 Design and Construction of Biogas Digester
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DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONOFBIOGASDIGESTER
Presented by:
T.Rohit Kumar (09881A0220)
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WHATISBIOGAS?
Its a mixture containing
50-70% methane
30-40% carbon dioxide
Its a gaseous fuel used for cooking andproducing electricity.
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organicwaste by bacteria without oxygen (anaerobicdigestion or fermentation).
CH4
CO2
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What Type of Waste Produces Biogas?
Any organic waste can produce biogas
Human, animal, fruit and vegetable waste
What Type of Waste Does NOT Produces Biogas?
Fiber rich waste such as wood, leaves, etc. aredifficult to digest.
Heavy metal Inorganic materials in high concentration
(Nitrate, Sodium,Potassium,Calcium,Magnesiumetc)
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WHATISABIOGASDIGESTER?
A device in which biogas is produced fromanaerobic decay(decay that occur without oxygen).
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTIONINA BIODIGESTER
Digester is fed with a mixture of
water and waste called a slurry
First of all, the slurry containingcomplex compounds is brokendown to digestible organic matter
by Hydrolysis.
Digestible organic matter isbroken down by acid-producingbacteria
By-products are then broken downby methane-producing bacteria toCH4 and CO2.
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CLASSIFICATIONOFBIOGASPLANTS
Biogas plants are mainly classified as:
Floating-drum biogas plant
Fixed-dome biogas plant
Balloon biogas plant
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FLOATING-DRUMBIOGASPLANT
Consists of two main parts
Digester
Gas collector
Digested well is divided into
compartments. Two pipes, one serves as inlet
and other as outlet.
Gasholder is cylindrical drumin shape with conical top.
Gas holder is made up of mildsteel.
Most expensive component ofthe plant.
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FIXED-DOMEBIOGASPLANT
Working is same asfloating-drum plant.
It has Dome-shapeddigester.
Floating drum is replacedby fixed dome roof.
Gas holder and digesterare combined.
Gas stored in upper partof the digester.
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ADVANTAGESAND DISADVANTAGESOFFLOATINGDRUMPLANT
Advantages:
Simple and easily understood operation
Constant gas pressure
Higher gas production
Volume of the gas stored is visible from the position ofgas holder
Disadvantages:
Rusting and cost of the gas holder are the main
drawbacks of this plant Life span of the plant is less due to corrosion
Frequent painting of Gas holder is required
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ADVANTAGESAND DISADVANTAGESOFFIXED-DOMEPLANT
Advantages:
Simple in construction
Low cost compare to Floating-drum plant
Heat insulation is better
No maintenance
Life span of the plant is more
Disadvantages:
Not easy to build
Labor-sensitive
Variable gas pressure
Poorly constructed roof generally leads to gas leakagefrom top.
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CONCLUSION
It creates source of fuel for cooking.
Provide a fertilizer.
Leads to improvement in the environment, and
sanitation and hygiene. Biogas plants significantly lower the greenhouse
effects on the earths atmosphere.
As India is agro-based country ,biogas can be
produced in large scale.