Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless...

Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch

Antenna for Wireless Communication

Konika Wanjari1, Rajasi Gawande1, Shruti Dhruv1, Radhika Deshmukh1,

Purval Raut1, Chaitali Dhongade1 and Kanchan Wagh2

1EngineeringStudent,

St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engineering and Technology, Electronics and

Telecommunication, Nagpur 2Assistant Professor Electronics and Telecommunication,

SVPCET, Nagpur

Abstract. In this paper a microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate on

2.4Ghz microwave frequency for wireless application. The projected antenna is

designed and simulated on CST STUDIOSUITE simulation software. It

achieves return loss below -10dBbyusing FR-4 lossy substrate with the

permittivity of εr =4.3. In this analysis we have also achieved the antenna

parameters such as VSWR, Input impedance, Radiation pattern, Directivity,

Gain,3D polar plot. Hence this antenna is highly suitable for applications such

as wifi, zigbee, medical applications, satellite and other wireless application

Keywords: Inset-fed, Patch antenna, Resonance frequency.

1 Introduction

An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating

current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending

or receiving radio transmissions. [4] Antennas play an important role in the operation

of all radio equipment. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that carry signals

through air at the speed of light without any transmission loss. Antennas can be omni-

directional, directional or arbitrary. They are used in wireless local area networks,

mobile telephony and satellite communication.

1.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna

Microstrip antenna consists of very small conducting patch built on a ground plane

separated by dielectric substrate. This patch is generally made of conducting material

such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. The radiating patch and the

feed lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric substrate. The conducting patch,

theoretically, can be designed of any shape like square, triangular, circular,

rectangular, however rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly

used. In this project Square Microstrip Patch antenna is used. Some of the other

configurations used are very complex to analyze and require large numerical

Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017), pp.296-304

http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2017.147.41

ISSN: 2287-1233 ASTL Copyright © 2017 SERSC

computations. However, Microstrip antenna has a drawback of low bandwidth and

low gain. The bandwidth can be increased by cutting slots and stacking configuration

and Gain can be increased by using different patch elements in an array to achieve

maximum radiation characteristics. In its most fundamental form, a Micro strip patch

antennae consist of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a

ground plane on the other side is illustrated in figure1.

Advantages:

1.Low fabrication cost, hence can be in quantities

2.Low cost, less size

3.Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces

4.High Performance

5.Light Weight and Low Volume

Disadvantages:

1. Lower gain (Nearly6dB).

2. Low efficiency.

3. Low power handling capacity.

Fig. 1. Structure of Microstrip Patch Antenna

1.2 Feeding Techniques of Microstrip Antennas

The four most popular feed techniques used are the microstrip line, coaxial probe

(both contacting schemes), aperture coupling and proximity coupling (both non

contacting schemes).

A) Microstrip (Offset Microstrip) Line Feed

In this type of feed technique a conducting strip is connected directly to the edge of

the microstrip patch. The conducting strip is smaller in width as compared to the

patch. This kind of feed arrangement has the advantage that the feed can be etched on

the same can be incorporated in to the patch in order to obtain good impedance

Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)

Copyright © 2017 SERSC 297

matching without the need for any additional matching element. This is achieved by

properly controlling the inset position.

B) CoaxialFeed

The Coaxial feed or probe feed is one of the most common techniques used for

feeding microstrip patchantenn as. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector

extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer

conductor is connected to the ground plane.

C) Aperture Coupled Feed

In aperture coupling the radiating microstrip patch element is etched on the top of the

antenna substrate, and the microstrip feed line is etched on the bottom of the feed

substrate in order to obtain aperture coupling. The thickness and dielectric constants

of these two substrates may thus be chosen independently to optimize the distinct

electrical functions of radiation and circuitry.

D) Proximity Coupled Feed

This type of feed technique is also called as the electromagnetic coupling scheme.

Two dielectric substrates are used such that the feedline is between the two substrates

and the radiating patch is on top of the upper substrate. The main advantage of this

feed technique is that it eliminates spurious feed radiation and provides very high

bandwidth of about13%, due to increase in the electrical thickness of the microstrip

patch antenna.

2 Design Methodology

An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating

current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending

or receiving radio transmissions


298 Copyright © 2017 SERSC

Steps:

1. Calculate Width of the antenna(W):

(1)

2. Calculate Effective dielectric constant:

(2)

3. Calculate Effective Length:

(3)

4. Calculate Length of Antenna:

(4)

Fig. 2. Design of patch antenna in CST Studio Suit

3 Results and Discussions

Figure 3 shows the simulated result of return loss and resonanceoccursat2.404GHz



Fig. 3. S11 parameter Vs Frequency plot

The voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed microstrip antenna has

VSWR value of 1.558 for 2.404GHz is shown in the Fig.4.

Fig. 4. VSWRVs Frequency plot

Figure 5 illustrates the 3Dradiation patterns of proposed antenna in polar form.

Fig. 5. 3DRadiationPattern



Fig. 6. Polar Plot

Table 1. Results Parameters of Inset Feed Antenna

Sr.No.

Parameters

Values

1 S-Parameter -13.21dB

2

VSWR

1.55

3 Directivity 2.994dBi

4

Input Impedance

42.19dB

4 Antenna with Slot

Fig. 7. Micro strip antenna with slot



5 Result and Discussions

Fig. 8. Voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed microstrip antenna has VSWR

value of 1.528 for 2.3202 GHz

The voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed microstrip antenna has

VSWR value of 1.528 for 2.3202 GHz is shown in the Fig.8.

Fig. 9. VSWRVs Frequency plot

Fig. 9. illustrates the 3D radiation patterns of proposed antenna in polar form.

Fig. 10. 3D Radiation Pattern



Fig. 11. Polar plot

Table 2. Results Parameters of Antenna with Slot

6 Conclusion

1. Rectangular patch antenna with Slot at 2.4 GHz with -13.21 dB return loss is

designed on CST STUDIO SUITE. The designed antenna has VSWR of value 1.55.

The gain of the antenna is also shown using the polar plot. The designed antenna is

suitable for applications such as Wifi Zigbee, Medical Applications, Satellite

communication and other wireless applications.

2. Rectangular patch antenna with Slot at 2.4 GHz with -13.60 dB return loss is

designed on CST STUDIO SUITE. The designed antenna has VSWR of value 1.528.

The gain of the antenna is also shown using the polar plot. The designed antenna is

suitable for applications such as Radar antennas, for the sector antenna used for cell

phones base stations etc.

Sr.No. Parameters Values

1

Return loss

-13.6dB 2 VSWR 1.528

3

Directivity

3.02dBi 4 Input Impedance 45.874dB



References

1. Kanchan Wagh, “Microstrip Array Antenna and Beamforming Algorithm for Phased

Array Radar”, International journal of Advanced Research in Education & Tecgnology

Volume 2 Issue 3 ISSN 2394-2975, pp-148-151.

2. PriyaUpadhyay, Richa Sharma “Design And Study Of Inset Feed Square Microstrip Patch

Antenna For S- Band Applicationr” International Journal of Application or Innovation in

Engineering & Management WebSite: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected],

Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013.

3. C. A. Balamis (2005) Antenna Theory: analysis and design (3rd ed.).

4. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology Volume4 Issue 8

August2013, ISSN:2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org “Micro strip Patch Antenna for

2.4 GHZ Wireless Applications” Pradeep Kumar, Neha Thakur, Aman Sanghi 1)

Assistant Professor, Department of 2)Mtech Student, Department of ECE, NGF College

of Engineering and Technology, Palwal 3) Assistant Professor,Department of ECE,NGF

College of Engineering & Tech, Palwal New Delhi, IndiaECE, DITMR, Faridabad



Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless...

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