Introduction to Statistical Method Chapter 1 Describing Data with Graphs.
Describing Trends, Graphs, And Changes
-
Upload
marcel-oliva-topo-alcatraz -
Category
Documents
-
view
322 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Describing Trends, Graphs, And Changes
Describing Trends, Graphs, And Changes
Describing changes and trends generally consists of three parts:
Use a verb (or an adjective and a noun) to describe movement
Describe the speed or size of the movement
Explain the reason or consequence of the change
You can also view it this way: Verb + Speed or Size + Result/Reason/Consequence
Example
In 2011, Samsung's profits increased considerably thanks to its successful Galaxy S series.
Here are some verbs you can use to describe change and movement.
Upward Movement
To rocket
To climb
To rise
To go up
To improve
To pick up
To recover
To increase
To reach a peak
To soar
To leap
To surge
Downward Movement
To fall
To decline
To bottom out
(To descend to the lowest point possible, after which only a rise may occu
r)
To decrease
To drop
To plummet
To deteriorate
To hit a low
To slip back (a fall after a rise)
To do down
To sink
To dip
Horizontal Movement
To even out
To remain stable
To stabilize
Here are some adjectives and adverbs you can use to describe the speed and size of change.
Speed of Change
Rapid - Rapidly
Slow - Slowly
Sudden - Suddenly
Sharp - Sharply
Steady – Steadily
Consistent - Consistently
Gradual - Gradually
Fast - Quickly
Size of Change
Noticeable - Noticeably
Substantial - Substantially
Considerable - Considerably
Slight – Slightly
Modest – Modestly
Marginal – Marginally
Significant - Significantly
Dramatic - Dramatically
Spectacular - Spectacularly
Here are some expressions you can use to express reason, consequence, and result:
As a result of
Due to
Because of
Was the reason for
Caused
Resulted in
Explains
Accounts for
That is why
Consequently
So
Thanks to
Other useful adjectives
These adjectives can be used to describes more general trends
“overall” can be used to describe changes in trend over the whole period: very useful in introductions and conclusions
“upward” and “downward” are adjectives: the adverbs are “upwards” and “downwards”
Examples
Apple's sales increased significantly due to the launch of the iPhone 4.
[verb + adverb construction]
There was a significant increase in Apple's sales due to the launch of
the iPhone 4.
[adjective + noun (word) construction]
Our turnover remained stable in January and February. However, in March
and April, it dropped suddenly as a result of the financial crisis.
[verb + adverb construction]
In March and April, there was a sudden drop in our turnover as a result
of the financial crisis.
[adjective + noun (word) construction]
The following video shows how to describe trends in a meeting and presentation context. Listen to the language and vocabulary the people use in the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Mr-O9AGmw
Test yourself
http://www.dcielts.com/task-1-2/trend-vocabulary-ielts/
The graph below shows daily temperatures for New York City, recorded for 6 days, in degrees Fahrenheit
The line graph below shows people in a store at various times of the day.
Opioids are medications that relieve pain. They reduce the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain and affect those brain areas controlling emotion, which diminishes the effects of a painful stimulus.