Describing Matter

Chapter 7Lesson 1Page 258

Matter

Why does matter, matter?

Everything in the universe is:

•Matter•Energy

Where did this come from?

MatterWhat creates our energy?

– The Sun (stars)

What was the process that creates the energy?

– Nuclear Fusion (taking two atoms and fusing them together to make a new atom)

What else is created by that process?– Helium from Hydrogen which is an element which is

MATTER!

MatterFrom the sun we get matter

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up spaceIf matter has mass and takes up space (volume) what should it also have?

Density (mass/volume) D= M/V

AtomWhat makes up matter?The smallest most basic part of matter is

The atom (page 261)

Atom- the basic particle from which all elements are made

Everything is made of matter and all matter is made of atoms! (page 261)

AtomAtoms are made of three parts

– Protons (positive charge)– Neurons (no charge)– Electrons (negative charge)

AtomEverything is made of matter

All matter is made of atoms (Particle Theory of Matter, page 261)

Is all matter the same?

Why or why not?

AtomAtoms are all a little different because of the number of protons. One proton changes the whole atom!

Because of that little change we get all of the things you see around you.

The changes in the atom cause different elements

ElementsElement- a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. (It is in its purest form)

You can have 1 atom or a million atoms together, but if they have the exact same number of protons, then you have the same element.

Elements: The simplest substances

In ancient times they believed there were only 4 elements and that everything was made of these 4 elements or a combination of them. This changed in the 1600’s

Fire Earth

Air Water

ElementChemists realized that there are most than 4 elements.

There are over 100! Some are found in nature (98), others are manmade through nuclear reactors or particle accelerators (aprox. 20)

You can see all of the elements on the periodic table

Why or why not?

ElementsEverything is made of matter

All matter is made of atoms

Atoms make different elements

Is all matter a pure element?

Why or why not?

MoleculesAtoms combine to make molecules

Molecule- a group of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond ( page 261)

Molecules can be atoms of the same element or different elements

Molecules

Molecules of the same element make the it more stable (it doesn’t have to pair with anything else)

Molecules

Molecules of the different elements make all new substances

Oxygen + Hydrogen+ Hydrogen= Water

New substance!

Molecules

Draw each of these molecules next to the molecule square on you chart

MoleculesMolecules of made of different elements create compoundsCompound- a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio (page 262)

What does “a set ratio mean?”There is always the same number of element A compared to element B.H2O= 2 hydrogen atom for every 1 oxygen atom

Compounds

2 Hydrogen Atoms1 Oxygen Atom =Water (H20)

1 Carbon Atom2 Oxygen Atoms =Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

1 Sodium Atom1 Chlorine Atom =Salt (NaCl)

CompoundsEverything is made of matterAll matter is made of atomsAtoms make different elementsElements combine to make compoundsAre all compounds a pure substance that are chemically combined?

Why or why not?

MixturesCan you add two elements together and still separate them later?

If you can separate the elements it not chemically combined, it is a mixture

Mixture- made of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically combined (page 263)

Mixtures

• There are 2 types of mixtures:

• Heterogeneous (different)

• Homogeneous (same)

Heterogeneous Mixture

• You can see the different parts, you can usually see particles, and are easily separated

• Examples:Sand, salad, smoothie, trail mix, dirt, etc.

Homogeneous Mixtures

• Are so evenly mixed you can’t see the different parts.

• It is difficult to separate the parts of this type of mixture

• Air, fruit juice, and solutions are examples of a homogeneous mixture

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space

Atom (basic particle from

which all elements are made. Has proton,

neutron and electrons.)

MoleculeGroup of two or more atoms held

together by a chemical bond

(attraction between two

atoms)

Elements a substance the cannot be

broken down any further, makes up everything else

on Earth

CompoundsA substance made of two or more elements (expressed by a chemical formula)

SubstanceSingle kind of matter

that is pure, meaning it has a specific makeup

or composition with set ratios of elements

(chemical bond)

MixtureMade of two or more

substances that are in the same place, but

not chemically bonded

Heterogeneous Mixture

You can see all of the different parts

Homogeneous Mixture

You can NOT see the different parts

And the different combinations of these parts are

how EVERYTHING in the universe is

made!!!!