Writing 2 – Week 3

Purpose: ◦ To describe how something works◦ To describe how something is done◦ To state the reasons for some phenomenon

Structure◦ General Statements◦ Description of each phase of the processes

Linguistic Features◦ General Participants◦ Clauses of Action (Material Processes) – Simple Present ◦ Sequence Markers

Describing a cycle◦Metamorphosis◦Water-cycle◦Wedding Ceremony

Do you know how paper is produced?

Paper Production Process

1. Cutting the trees, debarking the logs

2. Pulping3. Washing4. Screening5. Pressing & Drying6. Cutting & Rolling

General Statements

Paper is made of wood fiber. The wood goes through several stages of process before it becomes a piece of paper.

Stage OneTo begin the process, trees are cut down from the forests. They are made into logs, and transported to the factory.

Stage TwoAt the factory, the logs are then passed through a debarker, where the bark is removed. After that, the bark-free logs go through chippers, where spinning blades cut the wood into two centimeter pieces. Those wood chips are then cooked with a mixture of water and chemicals. The result of this process is the pulp.

Stage ThreeIn the next process, the pulp is washed, refined, cleaned and sometimes bleached, then turned to slush in the beater. Color dyes, coatings and other additives are mixed in, and the pulp slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen.

Stage FourAs the pulp travels down the screen, water is drained away and recycled. The resulted crude paper sheet, or web, is squeezed between large rollers to remove most of the remaining water and ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The semidry web is then run through heated dryer rollers to remove the remaining water.

Stage FiveThe finished paper is then wound into large rolls, which can be 9 meters wide and weigh close to 25 tons. Finally, a very sharp knife cuts the paper into smaller rolls, and the paper is ready for use.

Simple Present Verbs of Action: Material Processes Passive Voices Sequence Markers

Explanation◦How something is

produced◦Explain the processes◦Declarative◦Focus on the thing (the

subject being discussed)

Procedure◦How to produce

something◦Give guidance◦ Imperative◦Focus on “you”

CollectingSorting & Separating from other items

Drying & Storing

Making the porridge

Screening

Pressing & drying

Rolling & Making new product