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Products & Services Knowledgebase Articles Deploying OpenStack in a Virtual MachineEnvironment Using OpenStack Deployment (tripleO)
( Updated April 24 2015 at 3:23 PM
Deploying OpenStack in a VirtualMachine Environment Using OpenStackDeployment (tripleO)
IntroductionThese procedures are for installing OpenStack in a host machine using the OpenStack Deployment
service. This can be used for testing and evaluating the provisioning, configuring, and operating of
OpenStack components. This material is for proof-of-concept testing and not recommended for
enterprise environments.
This setup creates virtual machines within a host machine. It creates three (3) to five (5) virtual
machines, depending on if you choose to deploy block and object storage nodes, consisting of 4GB
of memory and 40GB of disk space each. The virtual machine disk files are thinly provisioned and
will not take up the full 40GB initially.
Technology PreviewOpenStack Deployment (tripleO) is included as a technology preview in Red Hat Enterprise Linux
OpenStack Platform 6.0. For more information on the support scope for features marked as
technology previews, refer to https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.
Contents
1. Minimum System Requirements
2. Preparing the Host Machine
CUSTOMER PORTAL
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2.1 Host Setup
2.2 Virtual Machine Creation
Minimum System RequirementsThe minimum system requirements for the host machine to follow this tutorial are:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
At least (1) quad core CPU
12GB free memory
120GB disk space 1
If you want to deviate from the tutorial or increase the scaling of one or more Overcloud nodes, you
will need to ensure you have enough memory and disk space. See the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Installation Guide (https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Installation_Guide/) for help with installing Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 7. See the Red Hat Subscription Management
(https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Subscription_Management/) guides
for help with registering a system to the Red Hat Content Delivery Network and enabling
repositories.
1 Note that the default partitioning scheme will most likely not provide enough space to the partition
containing the default path for libvirt image storage (/var/lib/libvirt/images). The easiest fix is to
customize the partition layout at the time of install to provide at least 200 GB of space for that path.
Preparing the Host MachineIf you are connecting to the host machine remotely using SSH, you will need to use the -t flag to
force pseudo-tty allocation or enable notty via a $USER.notty file.
Do not use the root user for executing any instack-undercloud scripts. Some programs of libguestfs-
tools are not designed to work with the root user. All of the instack-undercloud scripts were
developed and tested by using a normal user with sudo privileges.
1. Ensure the system is up-to-date. Run 'yum update' and reboot if a new kernel is installed.
2. Make sure the sshd service is installed and running:
$systemctlstatussshd
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3. The user performing all of the installation steps on the host machine needs to have sudo
enabled. You can use an existing user or use the following commands to create a new user
called stack with password-less sudo enabled. Do not run the rest of the steps in this guide as
root. Note the use of -, -l, or --login with the su command:
$sudouseraddstack
$sudopasswdstack
$echo"stackALL=(root)NOPASSWD:ALL"|sudoteea/etc/sudoers.d/stack
$sudochmod0440/etc/sudoers.d/stack
$sulstack
If you have previously used the host machine to test tripleO, then there is a risk of conflict
with scripts previously installed. It is recommended to clean up from any previous tripleO
tests by deleting ~/.cache/tripleo and making sure there is no $TRIPLEO_ROOT defined in
your environment.
Host Setup
These steps will setup your host machine with a virtual environment for testing the Overcloud
deployment. For more information about the changes performed, see the FAQ.
1. Make sure you are logged in as the user you created above.
$whoami
2. Add export of LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI to your bashrc file.
$echo'exportLIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI="qemu:///system"'>>~/.bashrc
3. Enable the Red Hat OpenStack 6 repository
The following sections assume your system was registered with Red Hat Subscription Management
during installation as described in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Installation Guide
(https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Installation_Guide/). For additional information, see Using
and Configuring Red Hat Subscription Manager (https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Subscription_Management/). However, if you have not yet registered the system, do
so now. Enter the following command and follow the prompts to register the system:
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$sudosubscriptionmanagerregister
$sudosubscriptionmanagerlistavailable|less
Search for the word "OpenStack", note the pool ID at the bottom of the section where "OpenStack"
was mentioned and then proceed as follows:
$sudosubscriptionmanagerattachpool=
$sudosubscriptionmanagerreposenablerhel7serveropenstack6.0rpmsRepository'rhel7serveropenstack6.0rpms'isenabledforthissystem.
1. Install the instack-undercloud package.
$sudoyuminstallyinstackundercloud
2. Download the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 KVM guest image, rhel-guest-image-7.0-
20140930.0.x86_64.qcow2, from the Red Hat Customer Portal. The image is listed on this
page: Product Downloads (https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/69/ver=/rhel--
-7/7.0/x86_64/product-downloads). Ensure the file name is correct after downloading. Note
that the links do expire, so reload the page before copying the link.
3. Configure your environment by replacing the values in [ ] with the appropriate ones for your
environment. These are the settings needed to run instack-virt-setup:
export DIB_LOCAL_IMAGE="[/path/to/]rhel-guest-image-7.0-20140930.0.x86_64.qcow2"
export NODE_DIST="rhel7"
export REG_METHOD=portal
export REG_PASSWORD="[your password]"
export REG_POOL_ID="[pool id]"
export REG_REPOS="rhel-7-server-openstack-6.0-rpms,rhel-ha-for-rhel-7-server-rpms"
export REG_USER="[your username]"
export RHOS=1
Note that you can find some of the above information with the following command:
sudosubscriptionmanagerlistconsumedpoolonly
1. Run the scripts to install required dependencies
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$source/usr/libexec/openstacktripleo/devtest_variables.sh
$tripleoinstalldependencies
$tripleosetusergroupmembership
The previous command has added the user to the libvirtd group, so we need to login to the new
group
$newgrplibvirtd
$newgrp
Virtual Machine Creation
1. Verify that your user has been added to the libvirtd group. The command shown below
should show the libvirtd group listed in the output.
$id|greplibvirtd
2. Run the script to setup your virtual environment.
$instackvirtsetup
When the script has completed successfully it will output the IP address of the "instack" virtual
machine. Addresses for the Undercloud are assigned by the host machine, using DHCP, from the
192.168.122.0/24 range, but 192.168.122.1 is reserved for use by the host.
Running virsh list --all will show that you now have one running virtual machine called "instack", and
four called "baremetal_[0-3]" all shut off. The "instack" virtual machine runs a minimal install of Red
Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and will be used to install the Undercloud on. You can login to the "instack"
virtual machine by running:
$sshi.ssh/id_rsa_virt_powerroot@
The virtual machine contains a user "stack" that uses the password "stack" and is granted password-
less sudo privileges. Once logged in as root to the "instack" virtual machine, you can become the
stack user as follows (note the use of -, -l, or --login):
$sulstack
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The other virtual machines do not have an operating system installed yet but will eventually become
part of the "Overcloud".
You may also want to install virt-manager on the host as it can be very helpful if monitoring when
the virtual machines for the Overcloud nodes are powered on and off. You can also use virt-manager
to login to the console on the Overcloud nodes.
Deploying an OpenStack Undercloud with OpenStackDeployment (tripleO)
Installing the UndercloudMake sure you are logged in as a non-root user (such as the stack user), on the node you want to
install the Undercloud onto.
$whoami
Subscribe this system to the Red Hat Network using Red Hat Subscription Manager as described in
the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Installation Guide (https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Installation_Guide/). For additional information, see Using
and Configuring Red Hat Subscription Manager (https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Subscription_Management/).
Repeat the procedure described in "Enable the Red Hat OpenStack 6 repository" above.
Install instack-undercloud
$sudoyumyinstallinstackundercloud
Once this script completes, you will have the follow files in /home/stack/:
deploy-overcloudrc
instack.answers
instackenv.json
Create and edit your answers file.In this case, the instack.answers file has been created for you in the /home/stack/ directory, so you
can skip this step. If required, copy the sample answers file into your home directory. The
descriptions of the parameters that can be set are in the sample answers file itself.
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Confirm the answers file exists in the home directory
If required, copy the sample answers file to your home directory
$cp/usr/share/instackundercloud/instack.answers.sample~/instack.answers
The values in the answer file must be suitable for your environment. Check and replace them
if required.
In particular, check that the LOCAL_INTERFACE setting matches the Network Interface on
the Undercloud used as the provisioning network to handle PXE boots.
Prerequisites for running instack-install-undercloudPrior to running instack-install-undercloud, Overcloud images must be download from the customer
portal.
Downloading images from the customer portal
Download the RHOS 6 Overcloud images from the following Red Hat Customer Portal link:
Product Downloads (https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/191/ver=6.0/rhel--
-7/6.0/x86_64/product-downloads). Ensure the file name is correct after downloading. Note that
the links to the files do expire, so reload the page before copying the link.
You should download the following files from the above link:
deploy-ramdisk-ironic.tar
discovery-ramdisk.tar
overcloud-cinder-volume.tar
overcloud-compute.tar
overcloud-control.tar
overcloud-swift-storage.tar
Copy each of the downloaded files to the Undercloud and extract the individual image files from
each tar file:
$scp/pathtotarfileroot@:~/
$tarxvf/pathtotarfile
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After extracting the image files from the tar files you should have the following image files:
deploy-ramdisk-ironic.initramfs
deploy-ramdisk-ironic.kernel
discovery-ramdisk.initramfs
discovery-ramdisk.kernel
overcloud-cinder-volume.initrd
overcloud-cinder-volume.qcow2
overcloud-cinder-volume.vmlinuz
overcloud-compute.initrd
overcloud-compute.qcow2
overcloud-compute.vmlinuz
overcloud-control.initrd
overcloud-control.qcow2
overcloud-control.vmlinuz
overcloud-swift-storage.initrd
overcloud-swift-storage.qcow2
overcloud-swift-storage.vmlinuz
Copy each of the downloaded image files to the Undercloud.
$scp/pathtoimageroot@:~/
Run the script to install Undercloud. The script will produce a lot of output on the screen. It also logs
to ~/.instack/install-undercloud.log. You should see instack-install-undercloud complete, along with
the details about the stackrc file at the end of a successful run.
$instackinstallundercloud
Once the install script has run to completion, you should take note of the files /root/stackrc and
/root/tripleo-undercloud-passwords. Both these files will be needed to interact with the installed
Undercloud. Copy them to your home directory for ease of use later.
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$sudocp/root/tripleoundercloudpasswords.
$sudocp/root/stackrc.
If your install does not complete successfully, please see the FAQ for potential solutions.
Deploying an OpenStack Overcloud with OpenStackDeployment (tripleO)Addresses for the Overcloud machines will be assigned from the 192.0.2.0/24 range and the
Undercloud will also have one interface with an address in this range to communicate with the
Overcloud nodes.
Deploying an Overcloud
Deploying the Overcloud via the DashboardYou can deploy the Overcloud either through the browser-based dashboard user interface using the
Tuskar plugin, or via the Tuskar command-line interface.
Dashboard User Interface (Tuskar)
If you want to deploy the Overcloud via the Dashboard user interface (UI) you will need to open up
port 80 in the firewall so that you can access the Dashboard UI. On the Undercloud node, the
"instack" virtual machine, enter the following command to open up port 80:
$sudoiptablesIINPUTptcpdport80jACCEPT
The Dashboard UI will be at http://:80/dashboard (if connecting from the host)
If the host machine is not the same system that you will be running the web browser from, you can
use an SSH tunnel for connectivity. If required, configure the host as follows:
If working from a remote system using an SSH tunnel, on the host do:
$sudoiptablesIINPUTptcpdport8080jACCEPT
$sshgNL8080::80`hostname`&
where is the address of the Undercloud virtual machine to bind to, and "hostname"
is the host name of the host machine. The Dashboard UI will be at
http://:8080/dashboard (if using SSH tunnel).
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By default will be 192.168.122.1. When logging into the dashboard the default user
and password are required. They can be found in the /root/stackrc file on the Undercloud node,
OS_USERNAME and OS_PASSWORD. Once you have logged into the Dashboard UI use the Tuskar
UI guide to continue deploying your Overcloud.
Using the Tuskar UI
1. Register nodes
Start by registering nodes for your Overcloud. To do so, click on 'Register Nodes' in the left
navigation. Once there, you will see two options for registering nodes in the top-right corner.
The first is to input the relevant node information manually; click on the '+' icon to do so. The
other is to upload a CSV file containing your node information; click on the Upload icon to do
that instead. If you are using virtual nodes, you can generate the CSV file by running this
script on your "instack" virtual machine:
$curlLOhttps://raw.githubusercontent.com/openstack/tuskarui/master/nodes.sh./nodes.sh
Both options lead to a node registration form where you can choose to have auto-discovery
performed on the nodes to identify missing node attributes.
To choose auto-discovery, ensure the box is checked on each node "Discover missing
attributes". If you use the CSV file upload method, the auto discovery option should already
be selected. If you use auto-discovery, your nodes will appear in the 'Maintenance' tab instead
with the status 'Discovering'. Wait a few minutes, and the status will change to 'Discovered';
their attributes will appear as well. Now you can choose to 'Activate' these nodes, and they
will appear in the 'Free' tab. After discovery is complete, refresh your browser to see the
changes as the "Maintenance' page does not auto-update.
If you choose not to use auto-discovery, fill in any missing node attributes and submit the
form. Your nodes are now registered and viewable in the 'Free' tab.
2. Deploy the Overcloud
You are now ready to deploy your Overcloud. Start by clicking on 'Overview' in the left
navigation. From here, you can adjust the role count of your Overcloud as node availability
permits. At a minimum, a controller node and a compute node must be specified. Also, please
note that the number of controller nodes can only be increased by 2 at a time. Once you are
satisfied, click on 'Deploy'. A popup will appear informing you of any autogenerated overcloud
parameters; press 'Deploy'.
Your Overcloud is now deploying.
3. Initialize the Overcloud
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After the Overcloud is deployed, you will still need to initialize Overcloud services. To do so
simply click on the 'Initialize' button. A form will appear detailing various initialization
parameters; the defaults will be sufficient. Press 'Initialize' to start the initialization process.
Once this is complete, the 'Overview' page will show you the credentials needed to access
Overcloud Horizon.
The instack-undercloud package provides a test script, instack-deploy-overcloud that can be used to
verify your environment. The following steps will guide you through using instack-deploy-overcloud.
To deploy a production ready Overcloud, you should use the Tuskar CLI or OpenStack Dashboard UI.
1. While logged into the Undercloud node export the required variables into your shell in order
to use the CLI tools for the Undercloud and Overcloud. If you copied the stackrc file into your
home directory at the end of the Undercloud installation, simply source that file. Alternatively,
you can use the following command directly to set the needed environment variables.
$command$(sudocat/root/stackrc|xargs)
2. A file named deploy-overcloudrc is used to define the needed environment variables to
deploy an Overcloud. For a virtual environment setup, this file has already been created
under /home/stack/. There is a sample file included with instack-undercloud at
/usr/share/instack-undercloud/deploy-baremetal-overcloudrc. Copy and edit the file as
needed. For the NODES_JSON value, specify the path to the file that you created in the
previous step. Example rc files containing values for the required variables can also be found
in the FAQ. Note that the variables must be exported so that their values are picked up by
instack-deploy-overcloud.
$sourcedeployovercloudrc
3. Deploy the Overcloud
$instackdeployovercloud
4. To further interact with the API services running in the Overcloud using the OpenStack CLI
tools, you can run the following commands:
exportTE_DATAFILE=instackenv.json
$source/etc/tripleo/overcloudrc
If you run into issues and want to redeploy your Overcloud the first step is to delete it using the
instructions in the FAQ. You should then be able to re-execute instack-prepare-for-overcloud and
deploy the Overcloud again.
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Testing an OpenStack Overcloud with OpenStackDeployment (tripleO)
1. While logged into the Undercloud node export the required variables into your shell in order
to use the CLI tools for the Undercloud and Overcloud. If you copied the stackrc file into your
home directory at the end of the Undercloud installation, source that file. Alternatively, you
can use the following command directly to set the needed environment variables.
$command$(sudocat/root/stackrc|xargs)
2. Run the instack-test-overcloud script to launch an image on the Overcloud and wait until it
can be pinged successfully
$instacktestovercloud
The instack-test-overcloud script will test block storage by:
Creating a new volume
Attaching the volume to the Compute instance, and then
Using ssh to log on to the instance and partition, format, and mount the volume
The instack-test-overcloud script will test object storage by:
Uploading a file with data to the node
Testing the data content downloaded from the node
Frequently Asked Questions
I got a "disk is in use" error when deploying the OvercloudIf the Undercloud machine was installed using LVM, when deploying overcloud nodes, you may see
an error related to the disk being "in use". The workaround for this error is to:
Modify /etc/lvm/lvm.conf to set use_lvmetad to be 0
#vi/etc/lvm/lvm.confuse_lvmetad=0
Disable and stop relevant services
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#systemctlstoplvm2lvmetad
#systemctlstoplvm2lvmetad.socket
#systemctldisablelvm2lvmetad.socket
#systemctlstoplvm2lvmetad
Are there any example rc files for Overcloud deployment?Example rc files to source before deploying the overcloud are included as part of the instack-
undercloud package. Descriptions of the variables are below.
Example deploy-overcloudrc file for deploying the overcloud on a virtual machine setup:
/usr/share/instackundercloud/deployvirtovercloudrc
Example deploy-overcloudrc file for deploying the overcloud on a bare metal machine setup:
/usr/share/instackundercloud/deploybaremetalovercloudrc
Descriptions of the variables in the rc files
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NODES_JSON:pathtoafileoftheJSONrepresentationofthebaremetalnodes.Documentedinthenextsection
NeutronPublicInterface:Overcloudmanagementinterfacename
OVERCLOUD_LIBVIRT_TYPE:Overcloudlibvirttype:qemuorkvm
NETWORK_CIDR:NeutronnetworkaddressinCIDRformat
FLOATING_IP_START:StartoffloatingIPaddressesallocation
FLOATING_IP_END:EndoffloatingIPaddressallocation
FLOATING_IP_CIDR:floatingIPnetworkaddressinCIDRformat
NEUTRON_NETWORK_TYPE:tenantnetworktype:greorvxlan
NEUTRON_TUNNEL_TYPES:supportedtenantnetworktunneltypes:greorvxlanorgre,vxlan
COMPUTESCALE:#ofovercloudcomputenodes
BLOCKSTORAGESCALE:#ofovercloudblockstoragenodes
SWIFTSTORAGESCALE:#ofovercloudobjectstoragenodes
What is the NODES_JSON file format?NODES_JSON in the deploy-overcloudrc file specifies a path to a JSON file and contains the data
used to register nodes for baremetal provisioning. The JSON file should be in the following format.
For the host machine (note that if you used instack-virt-setup the file has already been created for
you automatically):
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{"nodes":[{"memory":"4072","disk":"30","arch":"x86_64","pm_user":"stack","pm_addr":"192.168.122.1","pm_password":"contentsofsshprivatekeygohere","pm_type":"pxe_ssh","mac":["00:76:31:1f:f2:a0"],"cpu":"1"},{"memory":"4072","disk":"30","arch":"x86_64","pm_user":"stack","pm_addr":"192.168.122.1","pm_password":"contentsofsshprivatekeygohere","pm_type":"pxe_ssh","mac":["00:76:31:1f:f2:a0"],"cpu":"1"}]}
How do I delete the Overcloud?There are delete scripts included with the instack-undercloud package If you want to delete an
overcloud and reset the environment to a state where you can deploy another overcloud. These
steps only work if you used instack-deploy-overcloud to deploy the overcloud.
1. While logged into the Undercloud node export the required variables into your shell in order
to use the CLI tools for the Undercloud and overcloud. If you copied the stackrc file into your
home directory at the end of the Undercloud installation, simply source that file. Alternatively,
you can use the following command directly to set the needed environment variables.
$command$(sudocat/root/stackrc|xargs)
2. Enter the following command to remove the overcloud:
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$instackdeleteovercloud
How do I load new Overcloud images?If new images are made available for download, or you build new images, you will need to load them
into glance on the Undercloud. You can follow these steps to do so.
1. While logged into the Undercloud node export the required variables into your shell in order
to use the CLI tools for the Undercloud and Overcloud. If you copied the stackrc file into your
home directory at the end of the Undercloud installation, simply source that file. Alternatively,
you can use the following command directly to set the needed environment variables.
$command$(sudocat/root/stackrc|xargs)
2. Use the following command to load new images. Pass the command whatever new image file
you want loaded into glance.
$tripleoloadimagedovercloudcontrol.qcow2
How do I view the Undercloud Dashboard when using aremote host?If your host machine is a remote system, and not the same system that you are running your web
browser from, you can create an SSH tunnel from the host to the "instack" virtual machine for
connectivity. On the host enter the following:
$sudoiptablesIINPUTptcpdport8080jACCEPT
$sshgNL8080::80`hostname`&
where is the address of the Undercloud virtual machine to bind to, and "hostname"
is the host name of the host machine. Dashboard UI will be at http://:8080/dashboard (if
using SSH tunnel)
By default, the will be 192.168.122.1. Update appropriately for your environment.
With the SSH tunnel created you can launch a browser on a system with connectivity to the host
machine and go to http://:8080/dashboard and the dashboard should appear. If you need
to connect remotely through the host machine, you can chain SSH tunnels as needed.
When logging into the dashboard the default user and password are required. They can be found in
the /root/stackrc file on the "instack" virtual machine, OS_USERNAME and OS_PASSWORD.
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What configuration changes does instack-virt-setup maketo the host?The instack-virt-setup script makes configuration changes to the host to allow for using a full virtual
environment for testing an Overcloud deployment.
These changes include:
Installs various packages such as openvswitch, libvirt, and qemu.
Adds a new Open vSwitch bridge called brbm.
Adds a new libvirt network also called brbm, which is configured to use the Open vSwitch
bridge.
Reconfigures libvirtd to set the domain socket group ownership to the libvirtd group. This
allows for easier interaction with libvirtd on the host.
Adds the user running instack-virt-setup to the libvirtd group.
How do I build Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Overcloudimages?
1. Download the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 guest image, rhel-guest-image-7.0-
20140930.0.x86_64.qcow2, from the Red Hat Customer Portal: Product Downloads
(https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/69/ver=/rhel---7/7.0/x86_64/product-
downloads). Ensure the file name is correct after downloading. Note that the links do expire,
so reload the page before copying the link.
2. Install instack-undercloud on the system to be used for the image builds.
3. Set the following environment variables in your shell, substituting appropriate values where
necessary. In particular, any value wrapped in [] needs to be replaced with the appropriate
value for your environment.
export NODE_DIST="rhel7"
4. Choose from one of the two following methods to specify the guest cloud image:
Specify a web server containing the RHEL guest cloud image
export DIB_CLOUD_IMAGES="[http://server/path/containing/image]"
Alternatively specify the file name of the RHEL guest cloud image
export BASE_IMAGE_FILE=rhel-guest-image-7.0-20140930.0.x86_64.qcow2
export REG_METHOD=portal
https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/69/ver=/rhel---7/7.0/x86_64/product-downloads -
5/9/2015 DeployingOpenStackinaVirtualMachineEnvironmentUsingOpenStackDeployment(tripleO)RedHatCustomerPortal
https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320563 18/19
Article Type General (https://access.redhat.com/search/#/?q=article_type:("General"))
Product(s)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform (https://access.redhat.com/search/#/?q=product:
("Red+Hat+Enterprise+Linux+OpenStack+Platform"))
Category Install (https://access.redhat.com/search/#/?q=category:("Install"))
export REG_POOL_ID="[pool id]"
export REG_PASSWORD="[your password]"
export REG_USER="[your username]"
export REG_REPOS="rhel-7-server-extras-rpms,rhel-ha-for-rhel-7-server-rpms,rhel-7-
server-optional-rpms"
5. Run the following command:
$instackbuildimages
Note that you can find some of the above information with the following command:
sudosubscriptionmanagerlistconsumedpoolonly
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