Dependence of Floating LiDAR Performance on External ... · Resume Verification and classification...

copy 2019 Fraunhofer IWES 1copy 2019 Fraunhofer IWES 1copy 2019 Fraunhofer IWES 1

G Wolken-Moumlhlmann J Gottschall

Dependence of Floating LiDAR Performance on External

Parameters ndash Are existing onshore classification

methods Applicable

EERA Deepwind 2020 Trondheim 15-17 Jan 2020

2copy 2019 Fraunhofer IWES 2copy 2019 Fraunhofer IWES 2copy 2019 Fraunhofer IWES

Introduction

FLS verification vs class ification

Case Study Fraunhofer IWES LiDAR Buoy

Resume

Outline


Introduction

Floating LiDAR Systems (FLS) Commercially available since 2010 Several providers for systems or

measurements number growing FLS can replace offshore

meteorological masts for site assessment power curve measurements etchellip

From Gottschall et al Floating lidar as an advanced offshore wind speedmeasurement technique WIREs Energy and Environment 2017 [1]


Introduction

Technology Applications

Wind resource assessment (WRA)

Power curve measurements

hellip


Introduction




hellip

Standards Recommended

practices

VerificationClass ification

[5]

[234]


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]


FLS verification vs classificationVerification Class ification

For a distinct system For selected conditions short term measurement ~1 month

For a FLS type Correlation WSP deviation and

independent variable At least 3 months measurement

hellip


Fraunhofer IWES LiDAR Buoy

System Hull from light fire buoy developed in 1980 Power supply 3 micro wind turbine PV back-up generator

batteries LiDAR WindCube V2 or ZX 300 (ZephIR) Weight ca 35 t





Analysed Measurements (exceeding 6 months 2016) LiDAR Buoy at FINO3 (Windcube) LiDAR Buoy at FINO1 (ZephIR)


Verification

Comparison of FLS wind speed and wind direction compared to reference


Verification

Comparison of FLS wind speed and wind direction compared to reference-gt Key parameter (slope and Rsup2) exceed Best Practice requirements


Classification ndash Environmental Variables

Wind speed deviation (FLS -Reference) vs environmental variables (EV)

Wind speed Wind direction Wind shear Wind veer Temperature and

temperature difference Air density hellip

Meteorological variables (defined in IEC 64100-12-1)






Meteorological variables (defined in IEC 64100-12-1) Oceanographic variables

Wave height Wave period Water level Currents hellip

Tilting Yawing Heave Translation hellip

Platform motion variables


Classification - Sensitivity

Wind shear (example)



Wind shear

FLS is sensitive for independent variable if

- |Sensitiv ity | gt 05- |Sensitiv ity R| gt 01



Wind shear Significant Wave height Hs



Wind shear Significant Wave height HsSensitive Not sensitive


Classification ndash Variable Sensitivity Results

LiDAR Quality Parameter and meteorological variables (selection)

Independant variable

std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []

CNR signal quality 590 -011 -065 001 -006 yes

Wind shear exponent 011 -918 -097 012 -033 yes

Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes

Turbulence intensity Ti 227 036 081 005 018 yes

Temperature gradient 001 -10426 -110 001 -013 yes

Are the variables independent correlations





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes



- gt CNR shear wind speed Ti and the temperature gradient correlate- gt Veer is an independent variable

See Barker Et al [6]

Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no



Oceanographic variables and motion variable (selection)


std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []

Significant wave height (buoy) 0721 -0140 -0101 0000 -0001 no

Peak period Tp (Buoy) 2289 0026 0059 0000 0001 no

Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no

Yaw increment range 8559 -0008 -0069 0002 -0003 no

Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no

- No sensitivities for oceanographic or platform motion variables


Classification ndash Final classification

Classification results for FINO1 campaign

-gt Most uncertainty comes from reference measurement uncertainty


Classification ndash Results

FLS (Windcube) FLS (ZXZephIR) 100m

For both FLS systems no sensitivities to oceanographic or buoy motion variables could be identified

Independant variableSensitivity

m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []

Significant wave height (buoy) -0101 -0001 no

Peak period Tp (Buoy) 0059 0001 no

Current -0133 -0006 no

Heave range -0125 -0002 no

Tilt Range 0105 0001 no

Yaw increment range -0069 -0003 no

Static tilt -0183 -0008 no


m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []

Significant wave height -0063 -0001 no

Peak period Tp (Buoy) -0191 -0007 no

Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no

Waterlevel -0069 0000 no




Static tilt 0075 0002 no


Classification ndash Shortcomings

Which variables are important ndash do we miss the important ones Bin-fitting process is not necessarily robust Use of motion instead of oceanographic variables for system with minor

design changes




design changes

Meteorological variables

FLS set-up

Oceanographic variables

Motion variables

Measurement


Resume

Verification and classification are important for the commercial acceptance of FLS

Both IWES FLS using Windcube or ZXZephIR show no sensitivities to motions or oceanographic variables

Method of classification (according to IEC) must be adapted for offshore due to more variableshellip which variables are important for a measurement sensitivity forecast


Federal Republic of Germany

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

Federal Ministry of Education and Research

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Federal State of Bremen

Senator of Civil Engineering Environment and TransportationSenator of Economy Labor and PortsSenator of Science Health and Consumer ProtectionBremerhavener Gesellschaft fuumlr Investitionsfoumlrderung und Stadtentwicklung mbH

Federal State of Lower Saxony

Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

Acknowledgements

Fraunhofer IWES is funded by

The presented work was done in cooperation with Stiftungslehrstuhl Windenergie SWE Stuttgart within the research project MALIBU funded by the German Federal Ministry For Economics Affairs and Energy (BMWi) under Grant number 0324197B as well as the support of Project Management Juumllich (PTJ)


Thanks a lot for your attention

gerritwolken-moehlmanniwesfraunhoferde


References[1] Gottschall Et al Floating lidar as an advanced offshore wind speed measurement technique current technology status and gap analysis in regard to full maturity WIREs Energy Environment 2017 e250 doi 101002wene250[2] Carbon Trust Offshore Wind Accelerator Roadmap for the Commercial Acceptance of Floating LiDAR Technology Version 10 November 2013 [3] Carbon Trust Offshore Wind Accelerator Roadmap for the Commercial Acceptance of Floating LiDAR Technology Version 20 October 2018 [4] IEA Wind Expert Group Report on Recommended Practices 18Floating LiDAR Systems First Edition 2017 O Bischoff I Wuumlrth J Gottschall B Gribben J Hughes D Stein H Verhoef[5] IEC 61400-12-12017 Wind energy generation systems -Part 12-1 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines Annex L The application of remote sensing technology[6] Barker et Al Correlation effects in the field classification of ground based remote sensors Conference paper EWEA 2014 Barcelona Spain


Introduction

FLS verification vs class ification

Case Study Fraunhofer IWES LiDAR Buoy

Resume

Outline


Introduction






Introduction




hellip


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]






hellip











Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements









Introduction






Introduction




hellip


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]






hellip











Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements









Introduction




hellip


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]






hellip











Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements









Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]


Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]






hellip











Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements









Introduction




hellip


practices


[5]

[234]






hellip











Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements













hellip











Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements


















Verification



Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements









Verification






















Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements




























Wind shear













std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements


















std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes








std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements












std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR

2 Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Wind veer 013 -966 -121 004 -023 yes

Wind speed 316 -020 -062 006 -015 yes





Considering

shear

no

no

yes

no

no

no





std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements












std(Indepe

ndant

variable)

m (bin

Fit)

Sensitivity

m x stdR2

Sensitivity

x RSensitive

[-][unit

variable]

[ unit

variable][] [-] []



Current 0096 -1382 -0133 0002 -0006 no

Heave range 0570 -0219 -0125 0000 -0002 no

Tilt Range 3811 0027 0105 0000 0001 no


Static tilt 0473 -0387 -0183 0002 -0008 no











m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements

















m x std

Sensitivit

y x RSensitive

[-] [] []









m x std

Sensitivity

x rSensitive

[-] [] []



Tm02 (radar) 0013 0000 no









design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements











design changes




design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements











design changes


FLS set-up


Motion variables

Measurement


Resume













Acknowledgements









Resume













Acknowledgements

















Acknowledgements








Dependence of Floating LiDAR Performance on External ... · Resume Verification and classification...

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