DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic...
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Transcript of DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic...
DEPARTMENT OFPRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
www.nt.gov.au
Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic Services
Mango IPM -Pests, beneficials and biological control
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Mango tip borers
• Flower caterpillars
• Mango stem miner
• Swarming beetles
• Longicorn borer
• Mango seed weevil
• Giant termite
Chewing Insects
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Mature larvae: 25 mm• Life cycle: about 35 days (larval dev 8-10 days)• Larvae feed at night
Large mango tip borer
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Mature larvae: up to 15 mm• Life cycle: 3-4 weeks
Flower caterpillars
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Larval length: a few mm• Life cycle: 3-4 weeks
Mango stem miner
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Monolepta sp.
Rhyparida sp.
Geloptera sp.
• Various swarming beetles: 3-6 mm in length
Swarming beetles
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
● Mature larvae: up to 40 mm ● Adult length: 20-30 mm ● One generation per year
Longicorn borer
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length 10 mm• 1 generation per year• Fruit are infested when they are
30 mm in diametre
Feeding damage to fruit
Mango seed weevil
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Workers and soldiers: 10-12 mm• Life cycle: up to 1 year
Giant termite
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Mealybugs and fluted scales
• Mango scale
• Pink wax scale
• Mango leafhopper
• Mango planthopper (flatids)
• Fruit spotting bug
• Tea mosquito bug
• Graptostethus
• Dimpling bug
• Redbanded thrips
• Flower thrips (these are also pollinators)
Sap feeding insects
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult: 4-5 mm in length• Complete life cycle: 12-20 days
Mango leafhopper
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 10-15 mm• Complete life cycle:12-16
days
Mango planthopper
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult: 15 mm in length• About 5 generations
per year
Fruit spotting bug
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 6-7 mm• Life cycle: 4 weeks
Tea mosquito bug
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 7-9 mm
• Life cycle period unknown
Graptostethus
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 2.5 mm
• Life cycle: 2 weeks
Dimpling bug
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 1.3 mm
• Life cycle: 2-3 weeks
Redbanded thrips
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: about 1 mm• Life cycle: about 21 days
Scirtothrips
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length varies according to species e.g. Fluted scales 3-8 mm
MealybugsFluted scales
Fluted scales and mealybugs
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 1-2 mm• 5 generations per year
Mango scale
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 3-4 mm
Pink wax scale
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Adult length: 9-10 mm
• Life cycle: about 3-4 weeks
Sting mark on fruitFruit fly larva
Bactrocera jarvisiBactrocera tryoni
Fruit flies
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Other eriophyid mites are
associated with silvery-
white wax on leaves
• Adult length: 0.25 mm
• Life cycle: 6 days
Mango bud mite
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Mango pulp weevil
Larvae tunnel into pulp
Present in SE Asia
Mango pulp weevilMango seed weevil
Quarantine pests
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Red banded mango caterpillar
• Larvae tunnel through flesh and skin
and feed on seed
• Detected in the Torres Strait & the tip
of Cape York
Quarantine pests
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Mango gall midge
• Damages fruit and leaves
• Many species
• Present in the Torres Strait
• Major pest in some Asian
countries
Quarantine pests
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Philippines fruit flyMediterranean fruit fly
• Exotic fruit flies• Various detections over the years
Quarantine pests
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
• Praying mantises
• Spiders
• Wasp parasites
• Insect pathogens e.g. fungal infections, viruses and bacteria
• Pollinators
• Ladybird beetles
• Hoverfly larvae
• Lacewings
• Epipyropid moth
Native beneficial insects
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Bush beeHoney bee
Bush fly Hover fly Blowfly
Pollinators
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Praying mantis
Captures and feeds on a large range of insects.
General Predator
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Captures and feeds on a large range of insects.
Spiders - General Predators
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Fungal pathogenEpipyropid moth and pupa
Natural enemies of planthoppers
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Hover fly larva feeding on mango scale
Hoverfly larva
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Cryptolaemus adult and larvaCryptolaemus adults
• The following predators have been released and observed in mango
orchards in the NT:
• Mealybug ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzeri
- this species is also native to the NT. The beetle can become well
established (if orchard is suitable) and is effective in controlling
mealybugs.
Commercially produced beneficials
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Green lacewing larvae, Mallada signata
• general predator, feeds on small insects or eggs e.g. scales,
mealybugs, moth eggs and caterpillars. May be difficult to monitor
after release. Check leaves for eggs on stalks.
Commercially produced beneficials
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Available from the supplier: Bugs for Bugs
www.bugsforbugs.com.au
Before releasing predators: Determine if your orchard has
suitable habitats for the predators to establish e.g. does it
have shade and access to water. Orchards 5 years or older
are generally more suitable than younger orchards. Also the
rate of release needs to be discussed with the supplier.
Commercially produced beneficials
www.nt.gov.auDEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES
Are they pests or beneficials?
Ants