DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic...

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DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES www.nt.gov.au Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic Services Mango IPM - Pests, beneficials and biological control

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Page 1: DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES  Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic Services Mango IPM - Pests, beneficials.

DEPARTMENT OFPRIMARY INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES

www.nt.gov.au

Deanna Chin and Haidee Brown, Entomology, Diagnostic Services

Mango IPM -Pests, beneficials and biological control

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• Mango tip borers

• Flower caterpillars

• Mango stem miner

• Swarming beetles

• Longicorn borer

• Mango seed weevil

• Giant termite

Chewing Insects

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• Mature larvae: 25 mm• Life cycle: about 35 days (larval dev 8-10 days)• Larvae feed at night

Large mango tip borer

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• Mature larvae: up to 15 mm• Life cycle: 3-4 weeks

Flower caterpillars

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• Larval length: a few mm• Life cycle: 3-4 weeks

Mango stem miner

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Monolepta sp.

Rhyparida sp.

Geloptera sp.

• Various swarming beetles: 3-6 mm in length

Swarming beetles

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● Mature larvae: up to 40 mm ● Adult length: 20-30 mm ● One generation per year

Longicorn borer

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• Adult length 10 mm• 1 generation per year• Fruit are infested when they are

30 mm in diametre

Feeding damage to fruit

Mango seed weevil

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• Workers and soldiers: 10-12 mm• Life cycle: up to 1 year

Giant termite

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• Mealybugs and fluted scales

• Mango scale

• Pink wax scale

• Mango leafhopper

• Mango planthopper (flatids)

• Fruit spotting bug

• Tea mosquito bug

• Graptostethus

• Dimpling bug

• Redbanded thrips

• Flower thrips (these are also pollinators)

Sap feeding insects

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• Adult: 4-5 mm in length• Complete life cycle: 12-20 days

Mango leafhopper

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• Adult length: 10-15 mm• Complete life cycle:12-16

days

Mango planthopper

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• Adult: 15 mm in length• About 5 generations

per year

Fruit spotting bug

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• Adult length: 6-7 mm• Life cycle: 4 weeks

Tea mosquito bug

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• Adult length: 7-9 mm

• Life cycle period unknown

Graptostethus

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• Adult length: 2.5 mm

• Life cycle: 2 weeks

Dimpling bug

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• Adult length: 1.3 mm

• Life cycle: 2-3 weeks

Redbanded thrips

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• Adult length: about 1 mm• Life cycle: about 21 days

Scirtothrips

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• Adult length varies according to species e.g. Fluted scales 3-8 mm

MealybugsFluted scales

Fluted scales and mealybugs

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• Adult length: 1-2 mm• 5 generations per year

Mango scale

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• Adult length: 3-4 mm

Pink wax scale

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• Adult length: 9-10 mm

• Life cycle: about 3-4 weeks

Sting mark on fruitFruit fly larva

Bactrocera jarvisiBactrocera tryoni

Fruit flies

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Other eriophyid mites are

associated with silvery-

white wax on leaves

• Adult length: 0.25 mm

• Life cycle: 6 days

Mango bud mite

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• Mango pulp weevil

Larvae tunnel into pulp

Present in SE Asia

Mango pulp weevilMango seed weevil

Quarantine pests

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Red banded mango caterpillar

• Larvae tunnel through flesh and skin

and feed on seed

• Detected in the Torres Strait & the tip

of Cape York

Quarantine pests

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Mango gall midge

• Damages fruit and leaves

• Many species

• Present in the Torres Strait

• Major pest in some Asian

countries

Quarantine pests

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Philippines fruit flyMediterranean fruit fly

• Exotic fruit flies• Various detections over the years

Quarantine pests

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• Praying mantises

• Spiders

• Wasp parasites

• Insect pathogens e.g. fungal infections, viruses and bacteria

• Pollinators

• Ladybird beetles

• Hoverfly larvae

• Lacewings

• Epipyropid moth

Native beneficial insects

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Bush beeHoney bee

Bush fly Hover fly Blowfly

Pollinators

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Praying mantis

Captures and feeds on a large range of insects.

General Predator

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Captures and feeds on a large range of insects.

Spiders - General Predators

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Fungal pathogenEpipyropid moth and pupa

Natural enemies of planthoppers

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Hover fly larva feeding on mango scale

Hoverfly larva

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Cryptolaemus adult and larvaCryptolaemus adults

• The following predators have been released and observed in mango

orchards in the NT:

• Mealybug ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzeri

- this species is also native to the NT. The beetle can become well

established (if orchard is suitable) and is effective in controlling

mealybugs.

Commercially produced beneficials

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Green lacewing larvae, Mallada signata

• general predator, feeds on small insects or eggs e.g. scales,

mealybugs, moth eggs and caterpillars. May be difficult to monitor

after release. Check leaves for eggs on stalks.

Commercially produced beneficials

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Available from the supplier: Bugs for Bugs

www.bugsforbugs.com.au

Before releasing predators: Determine if your orchard has

suitable habitats for the predators to establish e.g. does it

have shade and access to water. Orchards 5 years or older

are generally more suitable than younger orchards. Also the

rate of release needs to be discussed with the supplier.

Commercially produced beneficials

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Are they pests or beneficials?

Ants