Department of livestock Nepal

kz' ;]jf ljefusf] kl/ro P]ltxfl;s k[i7eld

g]kfnsf] s[lif k|)ffnLdf kz Joj;fosf] dxTj cgflbsfnb]lv cfh;Dd /lxcfPsf] % / ef]ln klg /xg] % . at{dfg ca:yfdf of] Joa;fo s[lif pTkfbgsf] k/s c+u dfq geP/ hg;fwf/)fsf] cfo cfh{g ug]{ k|dv cfwf/ ePsf] % . kz' kfng Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] k|of; b/af/df ePsf pGgt kzx?sf] ;/Iffy{ xf]ldof]KofyL k|)ffnL cg;f/ Ps lab]zL *FS^/ lemsfO{ sf&df)*f}df l*:k]G;/L vf]nL z'? ePsf] b]lvG% . To;kl% kz' ;]jfdf qmlds ?kdf lj:tf/ / cfw'lglss/)f x'+b} uPsf] kfOG% . o; qmddf la=;+= 1996 df klxnf] k^s sf&df)*f}df Pnf]Koflys k|)ffnL cg;f/ Ps e]^ ]l/g/L l*:k]G;/Lsf] :yfkgf eof] / pQm l*:k]G;/L la=;+= 1997 df kz lrlsT;fnodf kl/)ft eof] . k/Dk/fut kzkfng k$lt ckgfp+bf pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpgfsf] ;fy} dfxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf /f]usf] ;d]t ;fdgf ug{ kg{] ;+efjgf ePsf] x+bf pGgt kzkfng jf/] k|rf/ k|;f/sf] ;fy} pQm ;dodf ePsf] uf}uf]^ L /f]udf ePsf] k|sf]k ;d]t k|ltsf/ ug{] p@]Zon] lj=;+= 2014 ;fn ;Dddf 10 lhNnfx?df kz c:ktfnx?sf] :yfkgf eof] . t}klg kz :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cfjZostf a(b} uPsf]n] ef/t, FAO / OXFAM sf] ;xfotfdf b]zJofkL ?kdf ;]jf kCofpg 33 j^f c:ktfn, 21 l*:k]G;/L / 18 j^f r]skf]i^ lj=;+= 2021 ;Dddf :yfkgf xg ku] . o;} ;dodf 5 j^f kz ljsf; kmfd{x? klg vf]lnP .

]]]]

dfly pNn]lvt kz' ;]jfsf nflu :yflkt ;+:yfx? tTsflng s[lif ljefu cGtu{t /flvPsf lyP . lj=;+= 2023 ;fndf kz ljsf; tyf kz :jf:Yo ljefusf] :yfkgf u/L kfrf}+ k+ralif{o of]hgfb]lv kz :jf:Yo, kz cfxf/f, kz k|hgg\ tyf kz'kfng Joa:yfkg ;]jfnfO{{ PsLs[t ?kdf s[ifsx?sf] #/ b}nf]df kCofpg] p@]Zon] ;dGjofTds kz ;]jf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/of] . o; laefu dfk{mt ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf pGgt kzk+IfLsf] cfklt{ ug]{, kz ljsf; kmfd{x?sf] :yfkgf / hg;fwf/)fdf zne tl/sfn] kz :jf:Yo ;]jf kCofpg] k||of;x? eP . la=;+= 2029 ;fndf s[lifsf ;Dk)f{ sfo{x? ;dGjofTds ?kdf nfgsf] nflu kz ljsf; tyf kz :jf:Yo ljefunfO{ kgM s[lif ljefudf ufleof] .

kzkfng Aoa;fosf] a(\bf] dfu k"/f ug{ kz ;]jfdf cfPsf] sdLnfO{ dxz; u/L la=;+= 2036

df kgM kz ljsf; tyf kz :jf:Yo ljefu -kl% kz ;]jf ljefusf] gfddf_ kgu{&g ul/of] . To;kl% qmlds ?kdf 75 j }^ lhNnfx?df kz ;]jf sfo{nox?, u|fld)f:t/df ;]jf s]Gb|x?, k|of]uzfnf tyf kmfd{x?sf] ;b[(Ls/)f / s]xL gof+ kmfd{x? :yfkgf eP . kz ;]jf sfo{qmdnfO{ ]^jf lbg s]Gb|Lo:t/df dxfzfvf / zfvfx? u&g eP . lj=;+= 2049 ;fndf kgM s[lif If]qsf ;a} ;]jfTds lgsfox?nfO{ ;d]^ L s[lif ljsf; ljefusf] u&g eof] . tTkZrft Joa:yfkg kIfdf hl^ntf / ;]jfdf lzlyntf cfPsf] dx;; u/L kgM 2052 ;fn >fj)f 1 ut] kz ;]jf ljefusf] u&g eof] . o; ljefun] lgDg cg';f/sf] p@]Zo k"/f ug{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf clw/fHoe/ :yflkt cGtu{tsf lgsfox? dfkm{t\ kz'hGo pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/df dxTjk")f{ of]ubfg k'Cofp+b} cfPsf] %

kz' ;]jf ljefusf] bL3{sfnLg p2]Zo kz kfng Joa;fonfO{ ljljlws/)f, Joa;foLs/)f, cfodns tyf ;Ddflgt k]zfsf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L /fli

-v_ kz' pTkfbg ;]jf

1= kz' ljsf; kmfd{x?df #F+;sf] d"n jLp, kz'k+%Lsf pGgt gZn (Nucleus Herd) :yfkgf u/L lhNnfsf >F]ts]Gb|x?df ljt/)F ug]{ / b]zdf pko'Qm gZn :yflkt u/fpg k|hgg\ gLlt to ug]{ .

2= kz'k+%Lsf] bfgf tyf bfgfdf k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{sf] u')f:t/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ . 3= ;fd'bfoLs vs{ r/)F pkef]Qmf ;d'x dfkm{t\ pTkfbgzLn agfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg] . 4= sj'lnotL tyf ;fd'bfoLs jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xdf pknJw u/fO{ #f+;r/gsf] cfk"lt{ a(Fpg] . 5= JolQmut jf ;fd'bfoLs, x}l;ot lju|]sf, k|of]udf gcfPsf hUufx? h:t}M /fhdfu{sf] lsgf/f,

xfO ]^G;g nfOgd'lgsf] hUuf, gx/sf] *Ln, klx/f] uPsf] If]q cflbdf #f+; ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

6= u')f:t/Lo #f+;sf] jLp pTkfbg tyf ljlqm ljt/)Fdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ cfk"lt{ j(fpg]. 7= lghL If]qaf^ kz'k+%L xf^jhf/x? pko'Qm :yfgdf :yfkgf u/L ;+rfng u/fpg k|fljlws tyf

k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df cfjZos ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg] . 8= nf]kf]Gd"v #/kfn'jf kz'k+%Lsf] gZnsf] ;+/If)f ug]{ . 9= lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf kf]N

ks]6 Kofs]hsf] cjwf/0ff

bL#{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf] nIo cg'?k cfufdL 20 aif{leq b"w, df;' / km'n pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n u/L lgsf;L k|a${g ;d]t ul/g] % . o;} calwleq kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] aflif{s a[l$ b/ xfnsf] 3=9 k|ltztaf^ 6=7 k|ltzt k'CofO{ kz'kfng If]qaf^ /fli f]t / ;fwgn] gEofpg] b]lvPsf]n] lhNnfx?nfO{ laleGg ks]^ x?df laefhg u/L s|da$ ?kdf lasf; ug]{ p@]Zon] ks]^ Kofs]hsf] /)fgLlt ckgfO{Psf] % . o; /)fgLlt cg';f/ lhNnfx?nfO{ pknAw >f]t / ;'lawfsf] cfwf/df ks]^ nfO{ laefhg u/L laleGg sfo{s|dx?df Plss[t ?kdf nufgL u/L ;a} eGbf l%^f] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn lbg] ks]^ :ynnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/Psf] % . laleGg ef}uf]lns If]qx?df Plklkn] klxrfg u/]sf k|fyldstf k|bQ pkhx? tflnsf g+= 1 df k|:t't ul/Psf] % .

tflnsf g+= ! ef}uf]lns If]q cg';f/ Plklkn] klxrfg u/]sf k|fyldstf k|bQ pkhx?

lasf; If]q lxdfnL If]q kxf*L If]q t/fO{ If]q k"af{Grn b'w pTkfbg,

ofs, a+u'/, e]*f b'w pTkfbg, vl;, afv|f, a+u'/,

al( df]n hfg] s[lif a:t', a:t'efpsf] kf]if)f ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu #+f;]afnL .

dWodfGrn ofs, e]+*f, ufO{ uf]? .

b'w pTkfbg, vl;, afv|f, a+u'/,

a(L df]n hfg] s[lif a:t', a:t''efpsf] kf]if)f ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu #+f;]afnL .

klZrdfGrn e]*f, vl;, afv|f .

b'w pTkfbg, vl;, afv|f, .


dWo klZrdfGrn

e]+*f, ofs, v;Lafv|f .

b'w pTkfbg, vl;, afv|f, .


;'b'/ klZrdfGrn

v;Lafv|f, b'w pTkfbg .

b'w pTkfbg, v;Lafv|f a(L df]n hfg] s[lif a:t', a:t'efpsf] kf]if)f ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu #+f;]afnL .

kz' ;]jf sfo{s|d ;+rfngfy{ k|fyldstf cg';f/ b'w -e}+;LufO{_, df;' -afv|f, s'v'/f, j+u'/,

/f+uf,] e]*f_ / k'mn -s'v'/fkfng_ pTkfbgnfO{ /flvPsf] lyof] . sfo{s|dnfO{ d'Vo 4 efuM Joj;foLs, Joj;fof]Gd'v, cfo cfh{g / Joj;foLs ;'b[(Ls/)f sfo{qmddf laefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . cfo cfh{g sfo{s|d cGt/ut ul/jL lgjf/)f sfo{s|d, dlxnf ljsf; sfo{s|d / blnt hghftL lasf; sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf]] lyof] . ks]^ Kofs]h sfo{qmdx?sf] j:t'ut ;+VofTds ljj/)f cg';"'lr 16 df lbOPsf] % . ks]^ Kofs]hsf k|d'v sfo{gLltx? lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

sfo{gLlt 1_ ;*s ;'ljwf -/fhdfu{ tyf ;xfos dfu{_ / ahf/sf] k"jf{wf/ tyf kx'+r, ;+sng s]Gb|k|zf]wg s]Gb / s[lqd uef{wfg ;'lawf ePsf lhNnfx?df ;+efJotfsf] cfwf/df Joj;foLs kz' ljsf; sfo{s|d ks]^ Kofs]h sfo{s|dsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ul/Psf] % .

2_ k'/fgf] ;d'xx? ;+rfng ePsf] ks]^ If]qdf ;d'xx?nfO{ ;ldtLdf cfj$ u/fO{ kz' ljsf; ks]^ Kofs]h sfo{s|dsf] cjwf/)ff cg';f/ sfo{s|d th'{df ul/Psf] % . 3_ ahf/sf] df+u / ]^

lqalif{o of]hgf cjlwdf kz' lasf; sfo{qmdsf k|d'v pknJwL -@)^$^% @)^^^&_

kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg tkm{

s|=z kz'hGo kbfy{ PsfO{ 06465df

pTkfbg 06566df pTkfbg

06667 df pTkfbg

aflif{s a[l$ b/ k|ltztdf

1 b'w d]=^g 1388730 1445419 1497429 3=442 df;' d]=^g 233900 241690 250213 3=25 3 c)*f Xhf/ uf]^ f 631253 629940 648100 1=75 4 pmg s]=lh 585255 583776 582447 -0=33

Tfflnd sfo{s|d tkm{

S|=z Tflns:t/ lgoldt sfo{s|ddf

;xefuL ;+Vof ;fdm]bf/L sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL ;+Vof

s'n ;xefuL ;+Vof

1 clws[t:t/ 307 307 2 ;xfos:t/ 737 55 792 3 s[ifsJoj;foLpBdL 2321 102 24234 u|f=k|=:jf=sf k'gtfh{uL 89 20 109 5 u|f=k|=:jf=sf 35 lbg] 57 668 725 6 u|f=k= ;]jf ;xfos 157 89 246 7 kz' cf}ifwL Joj;foL 35 lbg] 172 172 hDdf 3840 934 4774 cGo sfo{s|d tkm{

s|=z kz'hGo kbfy{ 06465 06566 06667 S'n 1 s[lqd uef{wfg ;+Vof 86649 98265 149261 3341752 Kfz' vf]k xhf/ ;+Vof 1080 948 859=7 2887=73 Kfz' pkrf/ xhf/ ;+Vof 4107 1179 859=7 6145=74 k|of]uzfnf kl/If)f xhf/ ;+Vof 266=2 170 105 541=25 /]lah /f]u la/$ vf]k pTkfbg *f]h 22000 23064 22326 673906 cGo laleGg vf]k pTkfbg xhf/ dfqf 20773 17018 24180 619717 pGgt hftsf laleGg kz' pTkfbg ;+Vof 1608 1538 1593 47398 s'v'/fsf] rNnf pTkfbg xhf/ ;+Vof 158 163=5 210=4 531=9

lqalif{o of]hgf cjlwdf kz' lasf; sfo{qmdsf pTkfbg nIo -@)^&^* @)^(&)_

p2]Zo kz' tyf kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] a[l$ Pj+ kz' kfng tyf kz'hGo pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ cfw'lglss/)f Pj+ Joj;flos/)ff/f k|lt:kwf{Tds agfO{ s[lif If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ a[l$ ug{'sf] ;fy} kz';]jf Joj;fodf ljljlws/)f NofO{ b]zsf] ;dli6ut ;fdflhs / cfly{s ljsf;df ]^jf k'ofpg' . pTkfbg nIoM lqalif{o of]hgfdf kz' lasf; sfo{s|dsf pTkfbg nio tflnsf g+= 2 df lbOPsf] %.

tflnsf g+= @

lqjifL{o of]hgf cjlwsf] pTkfbg nIf

l;=g+ pTkfbg ljj/0f O{sfO

)^^/^& sf] pTkfbg

)^&/^* sf] nIf

)^*/^(sf] nIf

)^(/&)sf] nIf

! b'w xhf/ d]=6= 1497 1581 1676 1774

@ Dff;' xhf/ d]=6= 250 259 275 287

# km'n s/f]8 uf]6f 65 72 83 93

pTkfbg cf}ift j[l$M b'w 5=8 k|ltzt, df;' 4=9 k|ltzt / k'mn 14=3 k|ltzt

ljefu cGtu{tsf lgb]{zgfnox?, zfvfx? / sfof{nox?sf] k|d'v sfo{ tyf clwsf/

lgb]{zgfnox?sf] clwsf/

k|ToIf dftxtdf /x]sf lgsfox?sf] k|zf;lgs lgoGq)f ug]{ / sfo{s|d ;+zf]wg jf ljlgof]lht jh]^ sf] zLif{sut /sdfGt/sf jf/]df dftxtsf lgsfojf^ cg'/f]w eO{ cfP kl% l;kmfl/; ;fy ljefudf k]z ug]{ .

k|ToIf dftxtsf lgsfosf clws[t tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fddf k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ ;'kl/j]If)f / k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

k|ToIf dftxtsf s'g} clws[t jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;flxt jf bl)*t ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ljefu ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .

tfnLd, cWoog cflbdf ;xefuL u/fpg dgf]gogsf nflu ljefu ;dIf l;kmfl/z k|:t't ug]{ . lgb]{zgfnon] cfkmgf] jf k|ToIf dftxtsf lgsfosf sfo{sdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf

cfof]hgf ug]{ j}&s, uf]i&L jf ;]ldgf/df If]lqo lgb]{zgfno jf lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{nosf s'g} clws[t jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg' k/]df ;DjlGwt If]qLo lgb]{zgfnodf hfgsf/L lbO{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no k|d'v dfkm{t\ cfdGq)f ug{ ;Sg] . lgb]{zgfnosf] ljifo If]qdf sfd ug]{ lhNnf :t/sf sfof{nodf sfo{/t s'g} clws[t jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ k/]df ljefu ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug{ ;Sg] / ;f]sf] jf]wfy{ ;DjlGwt If]qLo lgb]{zgfnonfO{ lbg]{ .

If]qLo lgb]{zgfnox?n] sfo{s|d lgb]{zgfno dftxtsf lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]M . If]qLo lgb]{zgfnosf] cfkmg} sfo{s|d jf lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{nosf] sfo{s|d jf s'g} ljz]if sfo{s|d

sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf sfo{s|d lgb]{zgfnosf] dftxtdf /x]sf lgsfosf s'g} clws[t jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+nUgtf jf ;xeflutf cfjZos ePdf If]qLo lgb]{zgfon] tL lgsfox?nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg]% / ;f]sf] jf]wfy{ sfo{s|d lgb]{zgfnonfO{ lbg]% . ;fy} o; k|sf/sf] ;+nUgtf jf ;xeflutfsf] l;nl;nfdf If]qLo lgb]{zgfnon] ;'kl/j]If)f ug{ ;Sg] % . x/]s lgb]{zgfnosf] clwsf/ %'f%} ?kdf tn k|:t't ul/Psf] % .

!= kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno, xl/x/ejg

cfkm\gf] ljifo If]qdf k|fljlws cflwsfl/s lgsfo (Technical Authority) sf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ / tT;DjGwL ;Dk")f{ lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ u/L lgb]{zgfnosf] cGo sfo{ ljj/)f b]xfo jdf]lhd /x]sf] % . ;DjGw :yflkt ePsf] cGt{/fli

cg'j+lzsL >f]tsf] klxrfg u/L ;+/If)f tyf ;Dj${g ug]{ . lgb]{zgfnon] cfkm} ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd / k|ToIf dftxtdf /x]sf lgsfoaf^ sfof{Gjog x'g]

sfo{qmdx?sf] lgoldt ;'kl/j]If)f, cg'udg, d"Nofg / ;ldIffsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ / tfn's lgsfodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .

cg';Gwfg ;DjlGw lgsfo;+u ;dGjo /fvL ;xsfo{ ug]{ . ;kmn k|ljlwsf] cg'z/)f jf k|;f/sf] cfjZos Aoj:yf ldnfpg] . /fli f]t If]q klxrfg u/L tf]Sg] . kz' >f]t ;+/If)f, ;+j${g / ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos gLltlgod th'{df ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|lx?sf] u')f:t/ th'{df, c+lusf/ / k'gkl/If)f

u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] . kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?sf pTkfbg, e)*f/)f / ('jfgL ;DjlGw

Aojxfl/s ;+lxtf th'{df, c+lusf/ / k'gl/If)f u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] . kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] u')f:t/ / Aojxfl/s ;+lxtf

sfof{Gjogsf] nfuL cfaZos kg]{ lgl/If)f tyf ;'kl/j]If)f cfof]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .

kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] u')f:t/ / Jojxfl/s ;+lxtfsf] pkb]otf / dxTjjf]w u/fpg ljleGg k|a${gfTds sfo{ ug]{ .

kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] lgwf{l/t u')f:t/ / Aojxfl/s ;+lxtf cg'?k eP gePsf] lglZrt ug{ u')f cfZjf;g / u')f k|dfl)fs/)f ;DjlGw sfo{ ug]{ .

kz' kfng tyf kz'hGo pBf]ux?df u')f Aoj:yfkg k|)ffnL sfof{Gjog ug{ ;#fpg ljleGg Quality tyf Operating Manuals tof/ u/L ljt/)f ug]{ .

kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?;+u ;DjlGwt /fli f]t ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . of]hgf th'{df, uf]i&L, ;]ldgf/ ;+rfngdf ;xof]u k'Cofpg];xefuL x'g] .

u_ of]hgf tYof tyf ;dGjo zfvf

lgb]{zgfno, cGt{utsf kmfd{ tyf sfof{noxs?sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf jh]^ th'{dfsf] nfuL ;dGjo ug]{ .

k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx? :jLs[tLsf] nfuL dflyNnf] lgsfodf k]z ug]{ . ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg tyf d'Nofg ug]{ . cg'udg tyf d'Nofgsf] cfwf/df ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] k'/fjnf]sg ug]{. kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] tYof ;+sng / cBfjlws ug]{.

o; lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf s]Gb|, sfof{no tyf kmfd{x?sf] sfo{ tyf clwsf/ lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

!=! /fli6o kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb|, kf]v/f

xfn kz' k|hgg tyf s[lqd uef{wfg zfvfn] clw/fHoe/ ;+rflnt s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmdsf]nflu cfjZos t/n gfO

kz' k|hgg\ sfof{no, nfxfg

xfnsf] l;d]g a}+ssf] sfo{ ;DalGwt If]qsf lhNnfx?df s[lqd uef{wfgsf] nflu cfjZos l;d]g, t/n gfO{^ f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ljsf;df lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?;+u ;xsfo{ u/L cfjZos k|fljlws ;Nnfx tyf ;]jf pknJw u/fpg] . kmfd{ / ltgsf sfo{x? lgDg cg';f/sf] % .

!=@=! kz' ljsfz kmfd{, kf]v/f e}+;Lsf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . Go' x]Dk;fo/ tyf An}s ci f]t Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfng :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo kf|ljlws tfnLd

;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ . !=@=@ kz' ljsfz kmfd{, lh/L

h;L{ ufO{sf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . a+u'/sf] n}+*/];, of]s{;fo/ hftx?sf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . #+f;]afnLsf] d"n aLp pTkfbg Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ . Go"lSno; x*{x?sf] gLlh:t/df afXo >f]t Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfng :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd

;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

!=@=# afv|f ljsfz kmfd{, lrTnf *]/L afv|fsf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . hd{g c+uf]/fsf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . Go"lSno; x*{x?sf] gLlh:t/df afXo >f]t Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ . #+f;]afnLsf] d"n aLp pTkfbg Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfng :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd


!=@=$ afv|f ljsfz kmfd{, wgu9L v/L afv|fsf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . v/L afv|fs]f Go"lSno; x*{x?sf] gLlh:t/df afXo >f]t Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ . #+f;]afnLsf] d"n aLp pTkfbg Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfng :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd


!=@=% e]8f ljsfz kmfd{, kfg;ovf]nf a?jfn e]+*fsf] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . Go"lSno; x*{x?sf] gLlh:t/df afXo >f]t Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ . n]sfnL #+f;]afnLsf] d"n aLp pTkfbg Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfng :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd


!=@=^ ofs ljsf; kmfd{, :ofjf]r] ofs, gfs rf}/LsfnfuL] Go"lSno; x*{ Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . n]sfnL #+f;]afnLsf] d"n aLp pTkfbg Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . ko{^ g Aoj;fosf] nflu ofs / emf]Ksf pTkfbg ug]{ . h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ . Go"lSno; x*{x?sf] gLlh:t/df afXo >f]t Aoj:yfkg ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfng :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd


!=@=& s'v'/f ljsf; kmfd{, vh'/f, af+s] Go' x]Dk;fo/ tyf An}s ci

!=$ s]Gb|Lo e]8f afv|f k|a4{g sfof{no, xl/x/ejg ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfjZostfg';f/ e]+*f / jfv|f ljsf;sf] gLlt th"{df ug]{. s[ifsx?sf] cfjZostfg';f/ gLlh:t/sf] Joj;flos e]+*f / jfv|f kmfd{x?nfO{ >f]t Joj:yfkg

ug{ &fpF ;'xfp+bf] of]hgf jgfO{ kmfd{ ;+rfng ug{ nufpg] / k|fljlws ;xof]u k'Cofpg]. e]+*f jfv|f ;DjGwL ;+k")f{ sfo{s|dsf] k|fljlws gd{;\ tof/ u/L cg'df]bg u/fpg], ;fd"lxs %gf}^

k|hgg\ k|)ffnL nfu" u/L gLlh tyf ;/sf/L kmfd{x?df pRr k|hgg\ d"nsf :yfgLo e]+*f jfv|faf^ pTkfbsTj j(fpg] p$]Zon] laz]if sfo{s|d th"{df u/L nfu" ug]{ .

kmfd{x?df Go"lSno; x*{sf] k|hgg\ Joj:yfkg jf/] cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]usf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{.

e]+*f jfv|f ;DjGwL cfjZos /fli

j+u'/ ljsf; ;+u ;DjGwLt gLlh If]qsf Joj;foLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ vfnsf sfo{s|dx? tof/ u/L ;+rfng ug]{ .

lkmN* :t/df j+u'/ sfo{s|d sfo{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g u/L pknJw u/fpg] .

j+u'/ ljsf;;+u ;DjGwL If]q kmfd{x? ;+u kmfd{ Knfg tof/ u/fO{ sfo{Gjog tyf ;'k/LeLhg ug]{ j+u'/ ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos genetic Materials sf] >f]t ljsf; ug]{ .

lhNnf:t/sf] j+u'/ ljsf; sfo{s|dsf] cg"udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / gLlt tyf gd{;df ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g ug]{ .

clw/fHoe/L j+u'/sf] ks]^ Kofs]hx?sf] tYof+ ;+sng, ljZn]if)f u/L /]s*{ cWofjlws /fVg] . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if!sf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd

;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ . zx/L If]q / d"Vo ko{^ g If]qx?df k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df a+u'/ tyf ab]nsf] lasf; sfo{s|d

;+rfng ug]{ . a+u'/ tyf v/fof] kfngsf] nflu rflxg] pGgt kz'k+lIfx?sf] >f]t lasf; sfo{s|d ;+rfng

u/fpg] . Jofa;flos ?kdf a+u'/, tyf v/fof]kfng k]zfdf nfu]sf s[ifs pBdLsf] sfo{ Ifdtfdf ;'wf/

Nofpg uf]i&L, tfnLd, s[ifs e|d)f cflbsf] Joa:yf ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . clt u/Lj lk%l*Psf hftL tyf dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s:t/df a[l$ Nofpg ;+efJotf tyf ?lrsf]

cfwf/df a+u'/ tyf v/fof] kfng sfo{x? ;+rfng ug{ k|flalws ;xof]u k'/fpg] . ;fy{} %gf}^ u/LPsf pGgt gZnsf kz'k+IfLx?sf] pknJwL kz' ;]jf k|;f/sf] nfuL pknAw u/fpg] .

laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if!sf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd ;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

k+%Lx?sf] :jb]z leq} ljsf; ug{ k+%L k|hgg\ gLlt th"{df ug{df /fli

s'v'/f kfngsf] nflu rflxg] pGgt kz'k+lIfx?sf] >f]t lasf; sfo{s|d ;+rfng u/fpg] . Joazflos ?kdf s'v'/f kfng k]zfdf nfu]sf s[ifs pBdLsf] sfo{ Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg

uf]i&L, tfnLd, s[ifs e|d)f cflbsf] Joa:yf ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . clt u/Lj lk%l*Psf hftL tyf dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s:t/df a[l$ Nofpg ;+efJotf tyf ?lrsf]

cfwf/df s'v'/f kfng sfo{x? ;+rfng ug{ k|flalws ;xof]u k'/fpg] / ;fy{} %gf}^ u/LPsf pGgt gZnsf k+IfLx?sf] pknJwL kz' Joa:yfsf] nflu ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

ls;fgx?sf] Ifdtfdf a[l$ Nofpg a[xt uf]i&L tyf s[ifs e|d)f u/fpg cfaZos ;xof]u k'/fpg] .


!=^ s]Gb|Lo ufO{ e}+;L k|a4{g sfof{no, xl/x/ejg b'w tyf df;'sf] pTkfbg nfut #^fpg] tyf pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j(fpg]] sfo{s|d ;+rfng

ug]{ u/fpg]. pGgt gZnsf ufO{ e}+;L :jb]zdf g} pTkfbg ug{ / s|dzM cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;/sf/L tyf

gLlh If]qdf >f]ts]Gb| :yfkgfsf] sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ / ;f]sf] tYof+s ;+sng u/L cBfjlws ub}{ n}hfg] .

ufO{ e}+;Lsf] pGgt gZn ljsf; ug{ gfs{ tyf cGo ;+:yf;+u Collaborative Research ug]{ / k|ljlw x:tfGt/)f ug]{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ .

clw/fHodf %l/P/ /x]sf gLlh:t/sf ufO{ e}+;L kfng Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;+u&Lt u/fp+b} nfg ufO{ e}+;L kfng sfo{gLlt tyf sfo{s|d th"{df u/L nfu" ug]{ .

:yfgLo ofs, gfs, rf}+/L tyf e}+;L ufO{ kfng k]zfdf ;+nUg s[ifsx?sf] ;:yfut ljsf; ug{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{] .


zx/L If]q / d"Vo d"Vo /fhdfu{sf] cf;kf;df ufO{ e}+;L kfng ;d'x dfkm{t\ b"Uw pTkfbg sfo{s|d ;#g ?kdf ;+rfng u/fpg] / ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{ .

b'w pTkfbg nfut #^fpg / ;'Vvf df};ddf b'w pTkfbg a[l$ u/fpg] k|lalw ls;fgx?df k'Cofpg] Joa:yf ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{ .

ls;fgx?nfO{ ;kmf b'w pTkfbg ug{ k|;f/ sfo{s|d dfkm{t\ hfu?s u/fpg] . b'w pTkfbg /]sl*{ sfo{s|d ls;fg :t/df ;+rfng u/L pTkfbgzLn kz'x?sf] %gf}^ ug]{

u/fpg] / ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{ . laBdfg b'wsf] ahf/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ s[ifs:t/df v'jf, klg/ cflb pTkfbg tyf ahf/

Joa:yfkg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{. /fhdfu{ tyf zx/L If]qb]lv ^f(f /x]sf] lhNnfx?df lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf] cf;kf;nfO{ k|fyldstf

lbO{ ufO{ e};L lasf; ;DalGw laz]if sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] . pQ/L e]usf lrh pTkfbg If]qx?df ofs tyf rf}/L ;+/If)f tyf lasf; sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{

k|flalws ;]jf k'/fpg] . k/Dk/fut ?kdf tof/ ug]{ u/]sf b"Uw kbfy{x?sf] u')f:t/df a[l$ u/fpg] sfo{s|d ;+rfng

ug{ ;xof]u k'/fpg] / ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{ . pRr k|hgg\ d"nsf ef/taf^ cfofltt b'x'gf e}+;Lx? yfs]kl% df;'sf] nflu las|L x'g]

e}+;Lx?nfO{ k'g{:yfkg ug{ tTsfn sfo{s|d th"{df u/L nfu" ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if!sf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd


!=& /fli6o r/g tyf kz' cfxf/f s]Gb|, xl/x/ejg r/g tyf vs{ lasf; ;DalGw /fli f]ts]Gb|

ljsf; u/L aLp pTkfbg / ljlqm ljt/)fsf] sfo{nfO{ ;xh afgfpg] . g]kfn s[lif cg';+wfg kl/ifb\af^ pGdf]rg u/L l;kmfl/; ul/Psf u')f:t/Lo #f+;]afnL jLp

jLhgsf] pTkfbg tyf ;+/If)f ug]{ Aoa:yf ldnfpg] . b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+# ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ kl/rfng u/L afx|} dlxgf xl/of] #f+; pTkfbg

u/fO{ #f+;]afnL k|)ffnLdf cfwfl/t kz' kfng Aoa;fo ckgfpg k|f]T;flxt ug]{] . :yfgLo :t/df Aofkstf kfPsf] ufO{a:t'n] a(L ?rfpg] vfnsf] :yfgLo #f+;x?sf] klxrfg,

;+/If)f tyf pTkfbg ug{ hf]* lbg] . #f+;]jfnL pTkfbg tyf aLp a[l$ sfo{df k|flalws ;xof]u ug]{ . s[lifhGo pkkbfy{x?sf] pkof]u ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ . bfgf, bfgfsf] u')f:t/ tyf ljleGg lsl;dsf kz' cfxf/fx?sf] ljsf; tyf Aoa:yfkg ug]{ . kz' cfxf/f tyf pkkbfy{ ljsf; ;DaGwL k|flalws ;xof]u kC'ofpg] .

s]Gb|sf] jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf jgfpg] sfo{df ;dGjo ug]{ . s]Gb|sf] k|ult laj/)f sDkfon ug]{ tyf k|ult lja/)f tof/ ug]{ . s]Gb|af^ ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] tYof+s /fVg] tyf cBfjlws ug]{ .

o; sfof{no cGtu{t /x]sf sfo{ut kmfd{ tyf k|of]uzfnf / ltgsf sfo{x? lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

!=&=! r/g tyf 3f;]jfnL ljpa[l4 kmfd{, hgsk'/ h} #+f;sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ . cGo pi)f k|b]zLo #+f;sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ . #+f;]afnLsf] k|dfl)ft aLp pTkfbg ug{ afXo >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if!sf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd

;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ . kmfd{af^ pTkflbt pkkbfy{sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ k|hgg\ of]Uo hgfj/ kfng ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if! tyf tfnLd :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+

dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd ;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ . !=&=@ r/g tyf 3f;]jfnL ljpa[l4 kmfd{, /+lhtk'/

l^of];]G^L / :^fO{nf] #+f;sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ . cGo pi)f k|b]zLo #+f;sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ . #+f;]afnLsf] k|dfl)ft aLp pTkfbg ug{ afXo >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ . kmfd{af^ pTkflbt pkkbf{ysf] ;b'kof]u ug{ k|hgg\ of]Uo hgfj/ kfng ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if! tyf tfnLd :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+

dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd ;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

!=&=# r/g tyf 3f;]jfnL ljpa[l4 kmfd{, uf}3f6 a/l;d tyf :^fO{nf] #+f;sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ . cGo pi)f k|b]zLo #+f;sf] d"n aLp pTkfbg ug]{ . #+f;]afnLsf] k|dfl)ft aLp pTkfbg ug{ afXo >f]t s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ . kmfd{af^ pTkflbt pkkbf{ysf] ;b'kof]u ug{ k|hgg\ of]Uo hgfj/ kfng ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if! tyf tfnLd :ynsf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+

dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd ;+rfngdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

!=&=$ /fO{jf]ljod tyf jLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf, hgsk'/ /fO{hf]laod pTkfbg tyf las|L lat/)f ug]{ . #+f;]afnL aLp lahgsf] kl/If)f / k|dfl)fs/)f ug]{ . /fO{hf]laodsf] laleGg #+f;]afnLdf glthf k|b{zg / k|a${g ug]{ . laifout tfnLd ;+rfngdf laifo laz]if!sf] ?kdf s[ifs:t/Lo Pj+ dWod:t/Lo k|fljlws tfnLd


@ kz'k+IfL jhf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfno, xl/x/ejg

cfkm\gf] ljifo If]qdf k|fljlws cflwsf/Ls lgsfo -Technical authority_ sf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ / tT;DjlGw ;+k")f{ lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ u/L o; lgb]{zgfnosf] cGo sfo{ ljj/)f b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]% . ;DjGwg :yflkt ePsf cGt/fli

;dfg ljifosf :jb]zL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf;+u ;DjGw sfod u/L ;xeflutfTds ?kdf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ .

/fli

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?;+u ;xsfo{sf] cfwf/df kz' jwzfnf, df;' tyf b"Uw k|zf]wg tyf e)*f/)f pBf]uJoj;fosf] j[l$ ljsf;sf nflu k"jf{wf/ lgdf{)fsf sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

kz'hGo pBf]ux?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{x?sf] Joj:yfkg tyf pBf]u :yfkgfsf ;+efjgfx?sf] klxrfg ug{] ;fy} pBf]u Joj;fo;DjlGw ;"rgf ;+sng tyf nfenfut ljZn]if)f u/L ;j{;fwf/)fdf ;';"lrt ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{.

cfoft k|lt:yfkg tyf lgof{t of]Uo kz'hGo pBf]ux?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ vfnsf cfjlws of]hgf, sfo{s|d tyf gd{;\lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L sfo{Gjogsf] nflu k]z ug]{ .

sfo{s|dx?sf] cg'udg tyf lgl/If)f u/L ;'emfj;lxt k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . ;+nUg hgzlQmx?sf] pBf]u Jofkf/df cfwfl/t Jofj;foLs Pj+ k|fljlws bIftf clej[l$ ug]{

sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ .

of]hgf tYof++s tyf ljZn]if0f zfvf kz'k+IfL tyf df;', b'w, km'n, %fnf, pmg h:tf kz'hGo kbfy{df cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fo tyf jhf/sf] k|j${g ug{ ;DjlGwt zfvfx?;+u ;+dGjo /fvL of]hgf tyf jhf/ ljsf; sfo{s|d th{"df ug]{ / ;+rflnt sfo{s|dx?sf] cg'udg / ljZn]if)f u/L tYof+sx? cWofjlws /fVg] / ;Dk]|if)f ug]{ o; zfvfsf] d'Vo bfloTj x'g]% . zfvfsf] cGo sfo{ ljj/)fx? lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

k|zf]lwt kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg, e)*f/)f tyf lgof{t Joj;fo ;DjGwL nfenfutsf] tYof cWofjlws /fvL cfly{s ljZn]if)f ug]{ / ;DjlGwt Joj;foL tyf pBdL kIfnfO{ ;';"lrt u/fpg] .

;+efJo If]qx?sf] nflu kz'k+IfL tyf kz'hGo kbfy{df cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fo k|j${g tyf jhf/ ;'b[(Ls/)f ug{ cfjlws cfof]hgfx?sf] d:of}bf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u k'Cofpg] .

kz'k+IfL xf^jhf/, jwzfnf tyf kz'hGo pBf]u Joj;fo k|j${gsf] nflu k|rf/ k|;f/sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ gd{;\lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ .

lgb]{zgfnosf] jflif{s jh]^ sfo{qmd tyf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ / ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg u/L k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;Dj$ lgsfodf k&fpg].

xf^jhf/ tyf k|zf]wg pBf]ux?jf^ pTkflbt kz'hGo kbfy{sf] vl/bljls|, jhf/ d"No ;DjGwdf s[ifs, Joj;foL / ;j{;fwf/)f pkef]Qmfx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;+rf/ dfWodaf^ ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ .

kz'hGo pBf]u / jhf/ Joj:yfkg k|ljlw ;DjlGw hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ .

#= kz' ;]jf tfnLd tyf k|;f/ lgb]{zgfno, xl/x/ejg kz' ;]jf tfnLd tyf k|;f/;DalGw ljifodf k|fljlws cflwsf/Ls lgsfo (Technical Authority) sf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ / tT;DjGwL ;Dk")f{ lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ . o; lgb]{zgfnosf] cGo sfo{ ljj/)f b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]% .

;DjGw :yflkt ePsf cGt/fli

sfo{s|d th'{dfsf] l;nl;nfdf dfu{bz{g th'{df u/L sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg] .

:jLs[t gLlt, of]hgf jf sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ lgb]{lzsf tyf gd{;\ tof/ kf/L :jLs[t u/fO{ sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf k&fpg] .

j}b]lzs ;xfotf k|flKtsf nflu cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ kf/L ljefu ;dIf k|:t't ug]{ . sfo{s|d lgb]{zgfno cfkm}n] sfof{Gjog ug]{ jflif{s sfo{s|dx? th'{df u/L :jLs[tL k|fKt ePkl%

sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ . lgb]{zgfnosf] k|ToIf dftxtsf lgsfox?sf] jflif{s sfo{s|dx? aLr ;dGjo u/L ;+rfngsf]

Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lgb]{zgfnosf] ljifo If]q ;d]^ Lg] u/L lhNnf :t/df th'{dfsfof{Gjog ul/g] sfo{s|dsf nflu

ljifout dfu{bz{glgb]{lzsf pknJw u/fpg] . ;+rflnt sfo{s|dx?sf] /fli Job[io ;fdfu|Lx? tof/ ug]{ / k|sfzg tyf ljt/)fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

cGt//fli

tfnLd lgb]{zgfno Pj+ If]qLo tfnLd s]Gb|x?jf^ ;+rfng x'g] clws[t :t/, k|f=;=gf=k|f=;=, pBdL / s[ifs :t/ tfnLdsf] Dofg'Pn Pj+ >Job[io ;fdfu|Lx? tof/ tyf kl/dfh{g sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .

cGt//fli

s_ /f]u lgoGq0f tyf kz' sNof0f zfvf dfxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf b]vf kg]{ kz'k+IfLsf /f]ux?sf] /f]syfd, lgoGq)f tyf pNd"ngsf sfo{

of]hgfx? th'{df ug]{ . pGd"ng e};s]sf /f]ux? k"g?Tyfg x'g glbg cfsl:ds tof/L (Emergency preparedness) /xg]

Joj:yf ldnfpg] . Transoundary Animal Diseases (TADs) sf] /f]syfd / lgoGq)fsf]nflu Joj:yf ldnfpg] . kz'k+lIf k|lt x'g] lgb{oLtf (Animal Cruelty) / Animal Welfare ;DjGwL gLlt lgb]{lzsf th'{df u/L

sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

v_ ;]jf ;dGjo tyf lgodg zfvf s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf lhNnf:t/df ;+rfng x'g] kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dGjo

ug]{ . kz':jf:y;DalGw P]glgod sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

u_ of]hgf tyf d"Nof+sg zfvf kz':jf:y sfo{s|dx?sf] th'{df ug]{ kz':jf:y sfo{s|dx?sf] kz' ;]jfsf cGo sfo{s|dx?;+u ;dGjo ug]{ / clen]v /fVg] . kz':jf:Yo;DalGw hgzlQm ljsf; ug]{ .

o; lgb]{zgfno cGtu{t /x]sf sfof{nox? / ltgsf sfo{x? lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

$=! s]Gb|Lo kz' lrlsT;fno, lqk'/]Zj/ kz' lrlsT;fdf ljz]if! ;]jf pknJw u/fpg] . kz' lrlsT;sx?nfO{ ljz]if lrlsT;f k|ljlw x:tfGt/)f ug]{ kz' lrlsT;f ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf kz' lrlsT;fsdL{nfO{ tfnLd lbg] . kz'k+IfLnfO{ zNo lrlsT;f ;]jf pknJw u/fpg] . cfw'lgs zNo lrlsT;f k|ljlw cg';/)f / k|;f/)f ug]{ . kz'k+IfLsf /f]uJoflwsf] lgbfg ug]{ . kz'k+IfLnfO{ cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf pknJw u/fpg] . cfw'lgs d]l*sn lrlsT;f k|ljlw cg';/)f / k|;f/)f ug]{ . kz'k+IfLnfO{ y]l/cf]h]gf]nf]lhsn ljz]if pkrf/ ;]jf pknJw u/fpg] . cfw'lgs y]l/cf]h]gf]nf]lhsn lrlsT;f k|ljlw cg';/)f / k|;f/)f ug]{ .

$=@ e6]l/g/L O{lk8]ldof]nf]hL s]Gb|, lqk'/]Zj/

kz' /f]u tyf hg:jf:Yo;+u ;DjGwLt /f]ux?sf] a:t'l:ylt (Epidemiological Status) cWofjlws /fVg] .

kz' /f]u lgoGq)fdf k|efjsf/L /)fgLlt ljsf; ug]{ . ljb]zdf b]lvPsf gof+ ;+qmfds /f]ux? (Emerging, Re-emerging & Transboundry Animal Disease)

lelqO{ x'g] ;+efljt vt/fsf]] ljZn]if)f u/L ;dod} ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ . ljZj kz' :jf:Yo ;+u&g (OIE) nufot cGo cGt/f{i

e]6]l/g/L u'0f:t/ k|of]uzfnf cfofltt tyf :jb]zdf pTkfbg x'g] e]^ ]l/g/L cf}ifwL, EoflS;g, P)^Lh]g, l;/d, *fPUgf]li^S;

cflbsf] u')f:t/ kl/If)f tyf ljZn]if)f ug]{ . u')f:t/ sfod ug{ Protocol tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ . e]^ ]/Lg/L u')f:t/ lgodg;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ . k|rlnt P]glgodx?sf] kfngf ug{ u/fpg cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u k'Cofpg] . kz'k+IfL tyf kz'hGo pTkfbg / kz'k+IfLsf] :jf:ydf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ cf}iflw, EofS;Lg,

*foUgf]l:^S; tyf jfof]nf]hLsN; h:tf pTkfbg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] u')f:t/ sfod /fVg dfkb)* tof/ ug]{ .

kz'k+IfL tyf kz'hGo pTkfbg / kz'k+IfLsf] :jf:ydf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ pTkfbg ;fdu|Lx?sf] u')f:t/Lotf k|of]uzfnfdf kl/If)f ug]{ .

cf}ifwL Joj:yfkg zfvf

e]^ ]l/g/L cf}iflw, h}ljs kbfy{, vfB of]ulzn jf j[l$jw{s kbfy{x?sf] cfoft lgof{t tyf pkof]u;DaGwL gLlt th{'df ug]{ .

kz'k+l%sf /f]usf] lgbfg, pkrf/ jf /f]syfd ug{, zfl/l/s agfj^ jf k|s[ofnfO{ c;/ kfg{ k|of]u ul/g]] kz' cf}iflw, h}ljs kbfy{, vfB of]ulzn jf j[l$jw{s kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]ux? / To;sf pTkfbgx?sf] lgodg ug]{ .

e]^ ]l/g/L cf}iflw, h}ljs kbfy{, vfB of]ulzn jf j[l$jw{s kbfy{x?sf] pTkfbg dfkb)* cg'?k eP gePsf] lgodg tyf cg'udg ug]{ .

e]^ ]l/g/L cf}iflw, h}ljs kbfy{, vfB of]ulzn jf j[l$jw{s kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, laqmL lat/)f, cfoft lgof{t lgodg ug{ l;kmfl/; tyf cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug]{.

$=$ e6]l/g/L hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/

kz'k+IfL tyf dflg; ljr ;g]{ h'gf]l^s /f]ux?sf] klxrfg, /f]syfd, lgoGq)f tyf pGd"ng ug]{ sfo{ of]hgf to ug]{ .

kz'k+IfL tyf kz'k+IfLhGo pTkfbgaf^ hg:jf:ydf kg]{ k|lts'n k|efjsf] /f]syfd ug{ hgr]tgf clej[l$ ug]{ .

kz'hGo ef]hgdf cfwfl/t tyf h'gf]l^s /f]ux?sf] clen]v cBfjlws /fVg] . kz' awzfnf tyf df;' hf+r P]gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

$=% s]Gb|Lo kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnf, lqk'/]Zj/ kz' /f]u cGj]if)f tyf lgbfgsf] If]qdf cflwsfl/s /fli

/f]u kl/If)fsf] nflu clw/fHoaf^ ;+sng ul/g] ljleGg hftLsf /fli f]tx?sf] -l;/d, Pl)^h]g_ ;+sng, ;dGjo / ;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ nufot cGo cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo /fvL kz' /f]u cGj]if)f tyf cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL x'g]] .

o; k|of]uzfnfsf zfvfx? / ltgsf sfo{x? lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

s_ dfOs|f]jfof]nf]hLM hLjf)f', ljiff)f' tyf (';Laf^ pTkGg /f]usf] gLbfg, cGj]if)f / klxrfg ug]{ . v_ Kofyf]nf]hLM zj kl/If)f, tGt' kl/If)f u/L kz' k+IfLsf /f]u gLbfg ug]{ u_ Kof/f;fO{^ f]nf]hLM kz' k+IfLsf] /ut, afx\o tyf cfGt/Ls k/hLljsf] klxrfg tyf gLbfg ug]{ . #_ l;/f]nf]hLM clw/fHosf ljleGg :yfgaf^ ;+sng x'g] l;/dsf] kl/If)f / e)*f/)f ug]{ . kz'k+IfLsf

dxTjk")f{ /f]ux?sf] cg'udg tyf ;j]{If)f ug]{ ~_ jfof]s]d]li

e]^ ]l/g/L EofS;Lg tyf h}ljs kbfy{sf] pTkfbg tyf ljsf;sf] nflu /fli

lgwf{l/t u')f:t/ cg';f/sf kz'k+IfL tyf kz'hGo kbfy{sf] dfq cfoft lgof{t ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdu|Lsf] dfWodaf^ lelqg ;Sg] kz'/f]ux?sf] k|j]z /f]Sg ljBdfg P]g lgodsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;fy} kz' Sjf/]G^fO{gsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u&g (WTO) sf] Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary dfkb)* cg'?k kz' Sjf/]G^fOg k|s[ofnfO{ cBfjlws u/L kz'k+IfL / kz'hGo kbfy{sf] u')f:t/ lgodg, dfkb)* lgwf{/)f, P]g lgodsf] k|:tfjgfsf] ;fy} ;f] ;DjGwL gLlt to ug]{ .

/f]ux? Ps &f+paf^ csf]{ &f+pdf ;g{ glbg cfGtl/s Sjf/]G^fOgnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .

kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, r]skf]i^, :yn -xf]lN*+u of*{_ / gfsfx?sf] ;dofg's'n :yfkgf tyf :yfgfGt/)f ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

o; sfof{no cGtu{t lgDg Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{nox? /xg]%g\ . 4=9=1 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, sfs*le \^^ f -O{nfd, emfkf, tfKn]h'+u_ 4=9=2 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, lj/f^gu/ -df]/+u, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf_ 4=9=3 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, hgsk'/ -wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL_ 4=9=4 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, sf&df)*f} -lq=c= ljdfg:yn, tftf]kfgL, /;'jf, lrtjg_ 4=9=5 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, lj/u+h -/f}tx^, jf/f, k;f{_ 4=9=6 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, e}/xjf -gjnk/f;L, slknj:t', ?kGb]xL_ 4=9=7 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, g]kfnu+h -bf+u, af+s], alb{of_ 4=9=8 kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, u*\*frf}sL -s}nfnL, sGrgk'/, **]Nw'/f, j}t*L, bfr'{nf_

gf]^ M pQ/L l;dfjtL{ If]qsf Sjf/]G^fOg gfsfx? g]kfn-rLg ;+o'Qm ^f]nLn] tf]s] cg';f/ x'g]% . Sjf/]G6fO{g sfof{nox?n] lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{x? ug]{5g\ M

k}&f/L x'g] kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdu|Lsf] lgl/If)f u/L Sjf/]G^fO{g k|df)f kq k|bfg ug]{ .

lgsfzL x'g] kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdu|Lx?sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ :jf:Yo;]g]^ /L k|df)fkqx?sf] hf+r u/L lgof{t ug{ ;xof]u k'Cofpg] .

/f]uL ePsf] z+sf nfu]df jf c:j:ys/ kz', kz'hGo kbfy{ tyf kz' pTkfbg ;fdu|L l;dfgfdf jf s'g} lglZrt &f+pdf cfO{;f]n];g u/L /f]u d'Qm jf :j:ys/ ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq k}&f/L lgsfzL ug{ k|df)f kq k|bfg ug]{ .

Sjf/]G^fO{g;DjlGw sfo{qmd tyf P]g lgod nfu" ug]{ tyf pn+#g ug]{ JolQm pk/ d'$f bfo/ ug]{ .

;+qmfds kz' /f]uaf^ u|l;t j:t'sf] tx nufpg] / pQm :yn / kf/jxgsf] ;fwgsf] lgM;+qmd)f ug]{ .

:yfgLo :t/df e+;f/, k|x/L, :yfgLo hgk|ltlgwL, hgtf / Jofkf/L cflb;+u ;dGjo u/L Sjf/]G^fO{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

P]g lgod tyf dfu{bz{g cg'?k tf]lsPsf] Sjf/]G^fO{g If]qdf kz' Sjf/]G^fO{gsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

kz' ;]jf ljefu cGtu{t x/]s ljsf; If]qsf] nflu 11 j^f If]qLo lgb]{zgfno /x]sf %g\ . oL lgb]{zgfno / ltgsf sfo{x? lgDg k|sf/sf %g\ .

If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb{]zgfno, lj/f^gu/ If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb{]zgfno, xl/x/ejg If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb{]zgfno, kf]v/f If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb{]zgfno, ;'v]{t If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb{]zgfno, lbkfon

If]qLo lgb]{zgfnosf sfo{x? If]q cGt/ut ;+rfnLt kz' ;]jf OsfOx?sf] sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf ;dGjo tyf ;xhtf

Nofpg] . lgodLt ljifo ljz]if!tfo"Qm ;"kl/j]If)f cg'udg tyf k|fljlws lgb]{zg lbg] . cGt/utsf lgsfox? -lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?_df k|zf;lgs tyf cfly{s k|zf;g;DjlGw

lgoGq)f tyf cg'zf;g kfngf u/fpg] . kz' ;]jf ;DaGwL ljleGg lgsfox? ljr ;Dks{ tyf ;dGjo :yfkLt u/L -kz' ljdf, P]g

lgod sfof{Gjog, ;fwg >f]tsf] ;fem]bf/L OToflb_ nlIft ju{nfO{ :t/Lo ;]jf ]^jf k|bfg ug]{ . If]q cGt/ut kz' ;]jf sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf] s|ddf cfjZos pGgt kz'k+IfL, jLp, EofS;Lg,

cf}iflw cflbsf] dfu cfk"lt{ Pj+ >f]t ldnfg -Resource Matching_ u/L sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf ;xhtf k|bfg (Facilitate) ug]{ .

k|To]s If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfno cGtu{t ;DaGwLt If]qsf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox? /xg]%g\ o; ljefusf] ;+u&g rf {^ cg';"rL 21 df lbO{Psf] % .

s]Gb|Lo:t/sf dxTjk")f{ cfof]hgfx?

j}b]lzs ;xof]uaf6 ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx? ;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgf

;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgf u|fld)f If]qdf ul/aL Go"lgs/)f ug]{ d'Vo p$]Zo lnPsf] ;fd'bfo s]Gb|Lt cfof]hgf xf] . P=l*=la=sf] )f ;xof]udf cf=a= 206162 sf] >fa)f dlxgfb]lv NFFUF' ug]{ to ePtfklg P=l*=la=af^ )f k|efjsf/L x'g g;sL cf=a= 206263 dfq z'? ePsf] lyof] . ahf/d"lv, n}+lus ;dfgtf, ;/sf/L lghL ;fdm]bf/L, nlrnf] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg, :yflgo lgsfosf] Ifdtf clea[l$ / jftfj)fLo Joj:yfkg o; cfof]hgfsf l;$fGtx? x'g . o; cfof]hgf ;+rfng lgDg tLg df]*\o"ndf cfwfl/t lyP . 1= ;#g kz' pTkfbg: tgx"+, ndh', afun', u'NdL, c#f{vf+rL, kfNkf, gjnk/f;L, af+s], alb{of, ;'v]{t, Ko"&fg, ;Nofg, b}n]v, /f]Nkf, ?s'd, hfh/sf]^ , s}nfnL, sGrgk'/, *+*]nw'/f, *f]^ L, a}t*L / c%fd lhNnf u/L 22 lhNnfx?df ;#g kz' lasf; sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf lyP . 2= k|zf]wg,ahf/Ls/)f / Jofkfl/s/)f: emfkf, df]/, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, dxf]Q/L, wg'iff, ;nf{xL, af/f, k;f{, /f}tx^, lrtjg, gjnk/f;L, sf&df)*f}, nlntk'/, g'jfsf]^ , sfe|], sf:sL, ?kGb]xL, slkna:t' / bf u/L 21 lhNnfx?df kz'hGo kbfy{sf] k|zf]wg / ahf/ lasf;;DalGw sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/LPsf lyP . 3= ax'If]lqo pRr kfOn^ cfof]hgf:

h'Dnf, d'u' x'Dnf, bfr'{nf / aemf u/L 5 lhNnfdf Multi-Sectors nfO{ ;dfa]z u/L pko'Qm Livestock based k|lalw Kofs]h tof/ ug{ Action Research z'?jft u/LPsf] lyof] .

cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo

o; cfof]hgfn] 164000 kl/jf/x?sf] vfB ;'/Iff, kf]if)f, cfo:t/ / /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x?df ;'wf/ Nofpg] p$]Zo /flvPsf] lyof] .

ck]lIft pknJwL / kmfObfx? kz' pTkfbsTjdf a[l$,kz'hGo kbfy{sf] k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/)fsf ls|ofsnfkx?af^ hDdf

164000 #/kl/jf/x? k|ToIf?kdf nfeflGjt x'g] cfof]hgfsf] cGtlt/ ul/j kl/jf/x?sf] k|lt JolQm cfo ? 2925 df 50 k|ltztn] a[l$ x'g] cfof]hgf nfu' ePsf If]qx?df 6 aif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] kf]if)fdf 20 k|ltztn] a[l$ x'g] . 5000 b]lv 6000 ;Ddsf gof+ /f]huf/Lsf cjz/x? ;[hgf x'g] 1700 kz' Joj;fox?sf]

lasf; x'g] .

cfof]hgfsf] ;+efux? != ;+:yfut ljsf; / Ifdtf clea[l4 :yflgo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?;+u ;fdm]bf/Ldf sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf nflu kz'sf] ks]^ If]q klxrfg, cfof]hgfx/sf] ;Dk')f{ ls|ofsnfkx?df dlxnf ;xeflutf Go"ttd 35 k|ltzt;Dd a[l$, ;fd'bflos kz' ;xfos?sf] ljsf; / kl/rfng, kz' ;]jf ljefusf sd{rf/Ls[ifs ;d'x;fdm]bf/L u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?lghL kz' Joj;flox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l$ @= kz'sf] pTkfbsTjdf ;'wf/ #f;]afnLsf] cfk'lTf{df a[l$, &]Ssdf #f;]afnL aLp pTkfbsx?sf] klxrfg / kl/rfng, n#' laQ k|jfx ug]{ d'Vo ;+:yfx? / n#' laQ ;+:yfx?$f/f s[ifsx?df n#' )fsf] k|jfx #= kz' hGo kbfy{sf] k|zf]wg / ahfl/s/0f v'b|f b'w s]Gb|x?lr:ofg s]Gb|x?awzfnfx?. aw:ynx?df;'k;nx?lhp+bf] kz'sf] ahf/df ;'wf/ tyf lgdf{)fs'zn kz' :jf:Yo ;]jfx?sf] nflu e]^ ]g/L / kf/f e]^ ]g/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l$ $= pRr kxf8 lhlasf]kfh{g kfOn6 k|f]h]S6 klxnf] b'O{ aif{df pRr kxf*L lhNnfx?sf] nflu ax'klIfo cfof]hgf ;+rfngsf lglDt d]*]n tof/ ug]{ / afsL rf/ aif{df pQm df]*]n kf+r lhNnfdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ . %= cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ;]jfx? k|f]h]S^ d}g]h/ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf sd{rf/Lx? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] :yfkgf ;fy} cfof]hgfsf ls|ofsnfkx? ;+rfng / kz' If]qsf gLltx? laZn]if)f ug{ ;Ifd bIf sG;N ]^G^x?sf] lgo'QmL$f/f cfof]hgf Joj:ufkg ug'{sf] ;fy} 21 kz'hGo kbfy{ k|zf]wg tyf ahf/Ls/)fsf] sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ .

cfof]hgfsf] laz]iftfx? kz' ;]jf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug'{eGbf cufl* ;fdflhs kl/rfngnfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] lyof] . t]>f]

kz' ljsf; cfof]hgfdf pTs[i^ /x]sf rf/j^f lhNnfx?: ndh'~, tgx'+, kfNkf / gjnk/f;Lsf ;kmn sfdx?nfO{ gd'gfsf] ?kdf nGo cfof]hgf nfu' ePsf lhNnfx/n] cg'z/)f ul/Psf] lyof] . kz' ks]^ x? a:t'df cfwfl/t eGbf If]qdf cfwfl/t ePsf lyP h;n] ubf{ kz'sf] ks]^ If]qx?sf] %gf}^ df ;dfhsf ul/j ;d'x?n] al( ;dfa]z / ;xefUfL ePsf lyP . kz' ljsf;sf sfo{s|dx? cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .

lalto >f]t Joj:yfkg

ul/aL Go"lgs/)f ug]{ d'Vo nIo /x]sf] o; cfof]hgf calwdf 33 ldnLPg cd]l/sg *n/ vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . h; dWo] P=*L=aL=af^ 20 ldlnog *n/ )f k|fKt x'g]% . afsL /sd

dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5 ldlnog, u|fld)f n#' laQ ljsf; s]Gb|n] / cGo n#' laQ k|afx ug]{ ;+:yfx/n] 6=5 ldlnog vr{ / cGo nfeflGat s[ifx?n] 1=5 ldlnog Joxf]g]{ .

sfof{Gjog lgsfo kz' ;]jf ljefun] kz' ;]jf k|;f/ sfo{s|dx? / ?n/ dfOs|f] kmfOgfG; *]enkd]G^ ;]G^/n]

n#' laQ )f k|afx ug]{ sfo{sf/L ;+:yf /x]sf] lyof] .

d"Vo d"Vo sfo{ cf=j= 06263 df 22 lhNnfx?df 382 s[ifs ;ldltdf cfa$ 1877 s[ifs ;d"x?df s'n

21432 s[ifs kl/jf/x? sfo{s|ddf k|ToIf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . s[ifs ;d'xdf dlxnf ;xeflutf 64 k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . afv|f k}+rf] sfo{s|daf^ 21 lhNnfsf d'Qm ds]of - af+s], s}nfnL / s+rfgk'/ _ blnt dlxnf tyf lakGg kl/jf/x? -/f]Nkf afx]s _ k|ToIf nfeflGjt ePsf %g\ . GIS based ul/aL tyf ;fdflhs dfglrq tof/ 27 lhNnfsf] ;+kGg ePsf] % ;fy} ;#g kz' pTkfbg sfo{s|d nfu' x'g] 14 lhNnfsf] Base-line Survey ePsf] lyof]. High Altitude Livelihood Pilot project cGt/ut s)ff{nLsf tLg lhNnf ;lxt s'n 5 lhNnf - h'Dnf, x'Dnf, d'u', bfr'{nf, aemf~ _ df ;d:of tyf cj;/ klxrfg cWoogsf] rfngL ePsf] lyof] .

cf=j= 06364 df 367 j^f kz'kfng s[ifs ;ldtL u&g eO{ 20279 s[ifs kl/jf/ k|ToIf nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . o;df dlxnf s[ifsf] ;xeflutf 60 k|ltzt /x]sf] % . To:t}u/L cf=j=064.65 df 416 s[ifs ;ldtL cGt/ut 2099 s[ifs ;d'x u&g tyf 114 j^f NGO nfO{ sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . 12 j^f Bottom up Planning ul/Psf] lyof] .

cf=j=065.66 df 933 s[ifs ;ldtL cGt/ut 2960 s[ifs ;d'u u&g eO{ 32945 s[ifs kl/jf/ k|ToIf nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . o;df dlxnf s[ifsf] ;xeflutf 66=5 k|ltzt /x]sf] ;fy} blnt #/kl/jf/sf] ;xeflutf 27=1 / hghfltsf] 28=6 /x]sf] % . 271 hgf CLA nfO{ tflnd lbO{ 271 hgfnfO{ kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . 22 lhNnfdf d-LATs u&g ePsf %g\ . 55 j^f Bottom up Planning ul/Psf] lyof] . 188 hgfnfO{ afv|f >f]t lasf; tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . To:t]u/L 81 j^f #f+; >f]t lasf; s]Gb|sf] lasf; ePsf] lyof] .

cf=j=066.67 df 436 s[ifs ;ldtL cGt/ut 1647 s[ifs ;d'x u&g eO{ 21874 s[ifs kl/jf/ k|ToIf nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . o;df dlxnf s[ifsf] ;xeflutf 66=5 k|ltzt /x]sf] ;fy} blnt #/kl/jf/sf] ;xeflutf ;xefuL 23=8 k|ltzt, hghfltsf] 27=3 k|ltzt / cGo 48=8 k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . 271 hgf CLA nfO{ tflnd lbO{ 271 hgfnfO{ kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . 22 lhNnfdf d-LATs u&g ePsf %g\ . 91 j^f Bottom up Planning, ul/Psf] lyof] 14 Model Dairy farm nfO{ ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] h;cg';f/ dmfkf, df]/~ / bf~df 11, lrtjg, gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xLdf / tgx'df 22 / sf:sLdf 3 /x]sf %g\ .

cGtdf o; cfof]hgfsf] 5 ai{f cjlwnfO{ lgofNbf 2534 ks]^ s[ifs ;ldtL, 10429 s[ifs ;d"x u&g eO{ 118789 #/kl/jf/ nfefGjLt ePsf lyP h;df 61=9 k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf ePsf] lyof] . h;df 26=9 k|ltzt blnt, 27=4 k|ltzt hghftL / afsL cGosf] ;xeflutf ePsf] lyof] . 312 hgf CLA nfO{ tflnd lbO 272 hgfnfO{ kl/rng ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df tflnd k|fKt ug]{ s'n ;+Vofdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf 63 k|ltzt lyof] eg] kl/rfng x'g]df 58 k|ltzt dlxnf lyP . 22 lhNnfdf d-LATs u&g ePsf lyP . 158 j^f Bottom up Planning, ul/Psf] lyof] . gjnk/f;L, c#f{vflr, tgx' / afs] u/L 4 lhNnfdf 546 hgf s[ifsnfO{ afv|f >f]t s]Gb| Joj:yfkgsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] h;df 78 hgf dlxnfsf] ;xefuL lyof] . 113 hgfn] >f]t JolQmsf] ?kdf tflnd lng] df}sf kfP . kz'kfng sfo{df ;xsf/Ltfsf] lasf;sf] nflu 248 hgfnfO{ ;xsf/L ;+aGwL tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . 416 df;' k;n ;'wf/:yfkgf sf] nflu, 46 aB:yn ;'wf/:yfkgfsf] nflu ;xof]u k|bfg cfof]hgfaf^ ePsf] lyof] . 14 Model Dairy farm n] ;xof]u kfPsf lyP 64 j^f kz' xf^ ahf/ ;'wf/dfdf ;xof]u cfof]hgfaf^ ePsf] lyof] . cfof]hgf cjlwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ tkm{ 448317.54 xhf/ / P=l*=la= tkm{ 988874=09 xhf/ u/L s'n 1437191=63 xhf/ vr{ ePsf] /]s*{af^ b]lvG% .

sj'lnotL jg tyf kz' ljsf; sfo{s|d -kz' ;]jf tkm{_ k[i7e'ld

o; sfo{s|d z"?x'g' eGbf klxnf kxf*L sa'lnotL jg tyf r/g ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf ;g\ 1990 b]lv ;g\ 2000 ;Dd 10 aif{sf] nflu ;+emf}tf eO{ ;g\ 1992 b]lv s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu cGt//fli f]taf^ ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .

cf=j= 06263 b]lv kxf*L sa'lnotL ag tyf r/g lasf; cfof]hgfsf] la:tfl/t tyf lg/Gt/tfsf] ?kdf sa'lnotL jg tyf kz' ljsf; sfo{s|d ;g\ 20056 b]lv 201213 ;Dd u/L 8 aif{sf] nflu cfPsf] % .

sfo{s|dsf nIo tyf p2]Zo sfo{s|dsf] ;du| nIo 22 lhNnfsf 44300 ul/a #/w'/LnfO{ sa'lnotL ag If]q pknJw u/fO{

To; dfkm{t ag k}bfjf/ / kz'wgdf a[l$NofO{ ul/jL Go"lgs/)f ug]{ /x]sf] % .

sfo{s|dsf If]q k"afGrn lasf; If]q: kf+ry/, t]X|y'd,ef]hk'/, vf]^ f~ / cf]vn('f . dWodfGrn lasf; If]q: l;Gw'nL, dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, wflb~, l;Gw'kfNRf]fs, sfe|], bf]nvf / /fd]%fk . klZrdfGrn lasf; If]q: ndh'~, tgx'+ / uf]vf{ . dWoklZrdfGrn lasf; If]q: Ko'&fg / ;Nofg ;'b'/ dWoklZrdfGrn lasf; If]q: c%fd, *f]^ L, **]nw'/f / a}t]*L

nlIft ;d"x sfo{s|d nfu' x'g] 22 lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ 53 nfv 10 xhf/ hg;+Vof dWo] 20 nfv 55

xhf/ hg;+Vof -480000#/w'/L_ o; sfo{s|dsf nlIft ;d'bfo x'g\. nlIft ;d]bfonfO{ vfBGgsf] cefj,hldg / kz' wgsf cfwf/df d"Voto 3 au{df %'fOPsf] % . 1= clt ul/j: aif{ lbgdf 2-3 dlxgf vfg k'Ug], 2= sd ul/j: aif{ lbgdf 4-5 dlxgf vfg k'Ug], / 3= ul/j: aif{ lbgdf 6-8 dlxgf vfg k'Ug] . pNn]lvt au{ leq kg]{ cfl>t kl/jf/ ;lxtsf dlxnf #/d'nL EfPsf tyf lKf%l*Psf hghftL tyf blnt au{nfO{ laz]if k|fyldQmf ;fy sfo{s|ddf ;xefUfL u/fOg] % .

sfo{s|dsf] nfut / nufgL Joj:yf IFAD sf] )f ;xof]u: 1 s/f]* 4 nfv 90 xhf/ cd]l/sL *n/ -82=1%_ IFAD sf] cg'bfg ;xof]u: 12 nfv 20 xhf/ cd]l/sL *n/ -9=6%_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg: 10 nfv 50 xhf/ cd]l/sL *n/ -8=2%_

nfeflGat ;d"xsf] of]ubfg: 14 xhf/ cd]l/sL *n/ -0=1%_ sfo{s|dsf] hDdf nfut: 1 s/f]* 27 nfv 70 xhf/ cd]l/sL *n/ - Aofhb/ 0=75% k|lt aif{ / EIRR: 16.3% _ sfo{s|dsf ;+efux? sa'lnolt jg tyf ;d"x u&g, kz' ljsf;, u|fld)f lalto ;]jf, sfo{s|d Joj:yfkg / ;dGjo kz' ljsf; ;+efu

o; ;+efu kz' ;]jf ljefu cGt/ut kb{% / o;sf tLg pk-;+efu %g\. 1= afv|f pTkfbg: lgZrLt dfkb)* k'/f ug]{ sa'lnotL jg ;d"xsf #/w'/Ln] 2 j^f ao:s kf&L / pko'Qm ;d"xn] 1 j^f af]sf k|fKt ug]{%g\ . 2= kz' ljsf; tflnd / ;]jf 3= kz' ;]jf sfo{s|d sfof{Gjodf ;xof]u cf=j= 06263 df ;dfh kl/rfng tflnd 99 hgf, sa'lnotL agdf kz'kfng tflnd 22 k^s / :^fOnf] #f+;sf] lap lat/)f 4115 s]=lh ePsf] lyof] . cf=j= 06364 df 5619 j^f af]sf afv|f lat/)f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]dgf 5590 j^f af]sf afv|f lat/)f ePsf] lyof] . sa'lnotL agdf kz'kfng tflnd 1655 k^s, #f;]afnL lap pTkfbg tflnd 100 hgf s[ifsx?nfO{ lbPsf] lbO{ :^fOnf] #f+;sf] lap 4650 s]=lh lat/)f ePsf] lyof] . To:t}u/L cf=j 065.66 df afv|f lat/)f ug]{ nIo 11806 /x]sf]df 11676 j^f afv|f lat/)f ePsf] lyof] eg] af]sf 739 df 697 j^f dfq lat/)f ePsf] lyof] . sa'lnotL agdf kz'kfng tflnd 1680 k^s, ePsf] lyof] . 46 xhf/ af]sf afv|f tyf kf&fkf&Ldf laleGg vf]k nufOPsf] lyof] . . cf=j 066.67 o; sfo{s|d cGt/ut 1660 k^s sa'lnolt ;d'xdf kz'kfng tflnd 1 lbg], 15375 j^f afv|f lat/)f, 772 j^f af]sf lat/)f, 44 xhf/ af]sf afv|fdf vf]k / 30 xhf/ 1 ;o af]sf afv|fnfO{ cfsl:ds pkrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

Pleog OGkmn'PGhf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

o; sfo{s|d cf=a 063064 b]lv 206768 ;DD 4 aif{sf] nflu ljZj a}+ssf] ;xof]u cg'bfgdf ;+rfng x'g]% .

sfo{s|dsf nIo tyf p2]Zo Pleog OGkn'PGhf /f]usf /f]uyfd tyf lgoGq)f ul/ #/kfn'jf s'v'/f tyf cGo r/fr'/Laf^

dflg;df ;g{ ;Sg] ;+s|d)fnfO{ Go"g ug{ tyf /f]usf] ;+s|d)f jf ;+s|d)fsf] cfz+sf pTkGg l:yltaf^ x'g] kz'hGo tyf dfgj IftL lgoGq)f ug{ . d"Vo d"Vo ls|ofsnfk Surveillance and Epidemiological Investigation k|To]s aif{ 4000 u|fld)f / 6000 Joj;flos s'v'/faf^ gd'gf ;+sng u/L kl/If)f ug]{ %g\ To:t} u/L h+unL tyf dfOu|]^ /L k+IfLx?df k|lt dlxgf cg'udg / gd'gf ;+sng x'g]% .

Strengthening of Animal Quarantine Services Sjf/]G^fOg ;'b[l(s/)f sfo{s|d cGt/ut 9 j^f Sjf/]G^fOg sfof{no

25 j^f Sjf/]G^fOg r]skf]i^x?nfO{ ;'b[l(s/)f ul/g]% . o;af^ l;dfgf kf/Laf^ cfoft x'g] k+IfL, k+IfLhGo kbfy{af^ g]kfndf PlePg OGk\mn'PGhf /f]u

k|a]z x'g] ;+efjfg Go"g x'g]% .

Strengthening Capacity of the Veterinary Laboratory Net work g]kfnd} OIE sf] Standerd cg';f/ BSL-3 k|of]uzfnf lgdf{)f x'g]% . RVL, NADIL, TADs Lab, CVL BSL-2 ;'b[l(s/)f ul/g]% . Tox+fsf sd{rf/L tyf a}!fgLsx?nfO{ tflnd ;]jf pknJw u/fO{ :jb]zd} :tl/o k|of]uzfnf ;]jf

pknJw e} HPAI sf] ;a ^fOk H5N1lgbfg x'g]% Control and Containment of HPAI and Strengthening field Veterinary Services 75 lhNnfd} Rapid Response Team v*f u/L Containment Plan cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ k")f{ tof/df

/flvg] % . RRT Team ;+u cfjw 1200 hgfnfO{ tflnd pknJw u/dOg] % . b}lsa k|sf]k lgoGq)f cGt/ut kg]{ x'+bf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, u[x / :jf:Yo dGqfno

;d]tsf] plts} bfloTj ePsf]n] lhNnf:t/sf 75 j }^ lhNnf b}aL pwf/ ;ldtLsf] ;a} ;b:onfO{ tflnd k|bfg u/Lg] % .

hf]lvdsf] cfwf/df 3 efudf auL{s/)f u/L ;f]xL cg'?ksf] RRT u&g ul/g] % . 1_ 26 lhNnfnfO{ clt hf]lvd o;df 20 hgf l^d x'g]% . 2_ 34 lhNnfnfO{ dWod hf]lvd o;df 10 hgf l^d x'g]% . 3_ 15 lhNnfnfO{ sd hf]lvd o;df 5 hgf l^d x'g]% . g]kfndf H5N1 ;a ^fOk BSL-3 k|of]uzfnfaf^ k|dfl)ft ePsf] v)*df g]kfn ;/sf/n]

;+s^sfnsf] sfo{ cuf*L a(fO{ clanDj lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ;hu eO{ Control Containment/Stamping Out nufotsf sfo{x? ;+rfng ug]{ % .

Public Awareness, Information and Communication u|f=k=:jf=sf= 6000 tyf 10000 s[ifs ;d"xnfO[ tflnd lbO{ u|fld)f tyf h+unL r/fx? af/]

hfgsf/L u/fO{ Participatory Disease Intelligence Consituency u&g x'g]% . To:t}u/L 500 e]^ ]g/LnfOe:^ssf clws[t :t/sf 3000 kf/fe]^ tyf 100 aGohGt'df sfd

ug]{ k|flalwsx?nfO{ PlePg OGkm\n'PGhf /f]u af/] tflnd k|bfg ul/g]% .

cf=j 06566 laleGg k|of]uzfnsf] nflu 9 j^f h]g]^ / vl/b, uf*L vl/b 12, df]^ /;fOsn 51 j^f, u|fld)f s'v'/f ;le{n]G; 447 k^s, Joj:fflos s'v'/f ;le{n]G; 416 k^s, h+unL r/fsf] ;le{n]G; 81 k^s, gd'gf ;+sng tyf kl/If)f s|dz 5111, 4793 / 1417 ;+Vofdf ePsf] lyof] . To:t} Sjf/]G^fOg ;'b[l*s/)f sfo{s|d, k|of]uzfnf ;]jf ;'b[l*s/)f sfo{s|d, lkmN* e]^ ]g/L ;]jf ;'b[l*s/)f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} emfkf lhNnfdf /f]Uf b]vfk/]sf]n] /f]u lgoGq)fsf] nflu :^ofDkL~= cfp^ sfo{ ePsf] lyof] . cf=j 06667 df pRr hf]lvd 26 lhNnf / dWo hf]lvd 18 lhNnfdf PS^Le ;le{n]G; 12 dlxgf e/Lg} ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . 12540 ;+Vofdf k+IfLx?sf] Nofjdf gd'gf kl/If)f ePsf] lyof] . 1 k^s Ifltk"lt{ sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg ePsf] lyof] .

o; cfof]hgfsf] Annual Report 2009/10 df pNn]v ePcg';f/ Nov 16, 2008 b]lv May 31, 2010 ;Ddsf] k|ult ljj/)f tn tflnsfdf lbOPsf] % .

Indicators Baseline Value Progress till May 31, 2010 End-of-Project Target Value

Number/Text

Date Number/Text

Date

PDO Indicators National capacity enhanced for the prevention and early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)

Inadequate capacity

11/07/2007 In country trainings Officer level: 835 Paravet: 3377 VAHW: 5791 PDIC: 9914 RRT: 225

100% 07/21/2011

Overseas Training/Tour: 72 persons Lab capacity development BSL2 &

upgrading of other lab are in final stage of completion.

Diagnosis of HPAI in Central and regional labs are 90% consistent with OIE reference lab.

Logistics and operational supports for quarantine are about to be completed.

Surveillance based on revised mode is going on and is found to be effective.

Successful control and containment of two outbreaks in 2009 and seven in 2010.

All above activities and necessary revisit of SOP, Order related to HPAI are the facts that indicate that national capacity has been enhanced for the prevention and early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.

Intermediate Outcome Indicators

1. Surveillance and Epidemiological Investigation:

Regular flow of samples according to National Surveillance Plan

200 samples tested per year

11/07/2007 39078 samples were received in CVL and RVLs (FY 2064/65- 9265, FY 2065/66- 11321 and FY 2066/67 May 31-18551)

33059 received samples were tested in CVL & RVLs.

50160 samples will be tested

07/21/2011

2. Animal Quarantine Service:

24 functional check posts and 8

0 11/07/2007 100 percent functional. Improvement of physical structure as well as capacity building is on going.

100 percent functional

07/21/2011

patrolling teams active across Nepal-India border checking on poultry movement.

3. Laboratory Service:

The results of the samples tested are 90 percent consistent with OIE Reference Laboratory results.

0% 11/07/2011 Total 171 positive samples (FY 065/66- 95 and FY 066/67- 76) were sent to OIE Reference lab for confirmation. Consistency of the result from CVL is found to be 90% with that from OIE Reference lab.

90% 07/21/2011

4. Communication Activities:

Positive behavior change among poultry farmers, and general population

11/07/2007 Knowledge on washing hands after touching poultry increased from 43% in baseline to 51%

Knowledge about modes of transmission like not washing hands with soap and water after handling poultry increased from 29% in baseline to 36%.

Hand washing with soap and water after slaughtering poultry has increased from 83% in baseline to 87%.

Practice of keeping poultry behind the fence has increased to 66% as compared to only 44% in the baseline.

Only 9% reported that children are allowed to play with the poultry as compared to 17% in the baseline.

Practice of proper disposal of dead poultry has increased from 1.6% in baseline to 15%.

Reporting practice for sick or dead poultry has increased from 67% to 71%.

72.8% increase among household members who reported that they recall hearing/seeing messages on poultry.

44.6% mentioned hearing the messages on AHI on radio and 70.7% on TV. However, only 13.2% (5.5% urban and 22% rural) reported seeing IEC materials.

(Formative vs. Mid term Assessments- Key findings by UNICEF).

80% 07/21/2011

5. Compensation:

100% farmers received the promised compensation amount within ten days of

0 11/07/2007 100% compensation was disbursed in two outbreaks in Jhapa as per Bird Flu Control Order.

100% compensation was disbursed as per new amendment of Bird Flu Control Order in 2010 except in Pokhara and Fattepur outbreaks.

100% 07/21/2011

culling (for backyard flocks) & within 35 days (for commercial farms) according to Bird Flu Control Order 2007.

6. Project Management and Coordination Activities:

All project implementation progress reports and annual financial audit reports prepared & submitted in timely.

0 11/07/2007 Project implementation report for the first, second and third trimester 2009/2010 was already submitted. Annual financial audited reports for 2008/09 submitted in timely manner.

Yes 07/21/2011

pRRf kxf8 s[lif Jojzfo tyf lhlasf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgf (HIMALI)

kz' lasf;, s[lif lasf; tyf hl*a'^ Ldf cfwfl/t pRr kxf*df x'g] laz]if pTkfbg -Niche

Products) sf] Value Chain Development $f/f Toxfsf afl;Gbfx?sf] cfo cfh{g tyf lhlasf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ NofO{ ul/aL Go"lgs/)f ug]{ p$]Xon] P=l*=la= sf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf pRr kxf* s[lif Jojzfo tyf lhlasf]kdh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf] PPTA cGt/ut l*hfOg tyf sfo{fGjog Knfg ug]{ sfo{ z"? ePsf] % . o; sfo{df 3 j^f sDkf]g]G^ x'g]%g\ . 1= laz]if pTkfbg Niche Products sf] Value Chain Development 2. Rangeland Management tyf Orchad nufot hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg tyf pko'Qm e" pkfof]u$f/f Toxf+sf afl;Gbfx?sf] lhlasf]kfh{gdf lbuf] ;'wf/ ug]{ . 3= cfof]hgfsf] l*hfOg tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ . cfof]hgfn] Inception Workshop k'/f u/]sf] % . cfof]hgfn] 10 lhNnf h'Dnf, d'u', x'Dnf, *f]NKff, d':tf~, dgf~, /;'jf, bf]nvf, ;f]n'v'Da' tyf ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfx? ;d]^ \g] % .

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] >f]taf6 ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx?

ul/aL lgjf/0f M Joj;fof]Gd'v afv|fkfng sfo{s|d

cf=j= 2057.58 b]lv 7 jif]{ sfo{s|dsf] ?kdf u|fld)f If]qsf] ul/jL lgjf/)fsf] nflu Joj;fof]Gd'v afv|fkfng sfo{qmd cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf ;+rfng eO/x]sf] % . o; cfof]hgfsf] p$]Zo 24,200 kl/jf/sf] ul/jL lgjf/)f ug]{, 48,400 /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ >[hgf ug]{, 80 j^f lghL kmfd{df afv|fsf] ;|f]t ljsf; ug]{ / jif]{gL 5 nfv afv|f af]sfsf] l%d]sL /fi

cf}iflw pTkfbg zfvff/f lk=lk=cf/= EoflS;g pTkfbg u/fO{ ;f] /f]u la?$ EofS;Lg]zg eO/x]sf] % . cfof]hgfaf^ Mass Vaccination sfo{sf] nflu lgMz'Ns EoflS;g pknJw u/fOg] % eg] kz' Sjf/]G^fOg r]skf]i^x?nfO{ ;z'Ns EoflS;g pknJw u/fOg] % . kz' Sjf/]G^fOg r]skf]i^x?n] cfjthfjt ug]{ ;Dk")f{ e]+*fjfv|fx?nfO{ clgjfo{?kn] zz'Ns lk=lk=cf/= la?$ EoflS;g];g ug{] % / ;f] jfkt k|fKt /sd /fh:jdf bflvnf ug{] % .

o; EofS;:g]zg sfo{s|d 34 r/)fdf sfo{fGjog ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] %, h;cg';f/ lk=lk=cf/= dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf b]vf kl/;s]sf lhNnfx?dWo] t/fO{sf 25 lhNnfx? k|yd r/)f, dWokxf*L 25 lhNnfx? l$lto r/)f, pRrkxf*L 8 lhNnfx? t]>f] r/)f / af+sL /f]u gkm}lnPsf 14 lhNnfx?df hf]lvdsf] cfwf/df rf}yf} r/)fdf /f]u la?$ EofS;Lg]zg ug{] Aoa:yf ldnfO{Psf] %. EofS:fLg]zg sfo{sf] nflu cfaZos kg]{ EofS;Lg]^ /sf] sfd lghL If]qdf sfo{/t u|fld)f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{, k|flalws ;xfos, gfoa k|flalws ;xfosx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ gLlt lnOPsf] % . t/fO{ / r'/] kxf*L efudf kg]{ lhNnfx?sf ;Dk")f{ e]*fafv|fdf, dWo kxf*L lhNnfx?df eg] lautsf] /]s*{ x]/L k"/} jf cflz+s / pRr kxf*L lhNnfx?df lautdf /f]u km}lnPsf] lhNnfdf k"/} / cGo lhNnfx?df cf+lzs?kdf lk=lk=cf/ la?$ Eofs:fLg]zg ul/g] % . ef/taf^ laleGg k|of]hgsf] nflu cfoft x'g] ;Dk")f{ e]*fafv|fdf kl/If)f ug]{ / o;;+alGw z+sf nfu]df k|a]zdf /f]u nuffpg] / zfl/l/s kl/If)faf^ :j:y b]lvPsf] e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g u/]/ dfq cfoft x'g lbg] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] % .

lk=lk=cf/= lgoGq)f cfof]hgfaf^ cf=j= 205859 sf] jflif{s sfo{ nIo cg';f/ 56 nfv *f]h lk=lk=cf/= EoflS;g pTkfbg tyf 54 nfv e]*F afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g]zg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf]df 21 nfv *f]h EoflS;g pTkfbg / 30 nfv e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g ePsf] % eg] cf=a= 05960 df 31=74 nfv e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g ePsf] lyof] To:t}u/L cf=a= 06061 df 32 nfv e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g ePsf] lyof] eg] cf=a= 06162 df 16 nfv 55 xhf/ e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g ePsf] , cf=j= 06263 df 10 nfv e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g ePsf] kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnosf] /]s*{af^ b]lvG% . cf=j= 06364 df 13 nfv 75 xhf/ e]*f afv|fdf 06566 df 12 nfv e]*f afv|fdf lk=lk=cf/= lj?$ EoflS;g];g ePsf] lyof] eg] cf=j= 06667 df 15 nfvdf ePsf] kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnosf] /]s*{af^ b]lvG%. . xfn o; sfo{s|d 68 lhNnfdf ;+rflnt % . s0ff{nL c+rn laz]if s[lif lasf; sfo{s|d

s)ff{nL cGrndf laleGg kz' lasf; ;+aGwL sfo{s|dx?sf] ;+rfngaf^ p[Tkfbg Pa+ s[ifsx?sf] cfo tyf /f]huf/Ldf ]^jf k'ofpg] p$]Zon] o; sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf /x]sf] % . afv|f k}+rf} sfo{s|d, e]*f lasf; sfo{s|d, kz' k|hgg sfo{s|d, r/g vs{ Joj:yfkg sfo{s|d cflb ;+rfngdf /x]sf %g\ . kz' k|hgg sfo{s|d cGt/ut h;L{ ;f(]sf] ax/ 5 / ofsRff}/Lsf] ax/ 3 j^f, af]sf 20 j^f lat/)f ePsf lyP . To:t}u/L uwf lat/)f 9 j^f / rNnf lat/)f 5000 xhf/ ePsf lyP .

86 nfv ah]^ lalgof]hg ePsf] o; sfo{s|ddf 96 k|ltzt efl/t k|ult / vr{ 88 nfv 53 xhf/ vr{ eO{ 99 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] lyof] . . afv|f k}rf} sfo{s|d, e]*f lasf; sfo{s|d, kz' k|hgg sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] % . 310 j^f afv|f tyf af]sf %gf}^ , vl/b / lat/)f ePsf %g\ . 465 j^f e]*f tyf y'df %gf}^ , vl/b / lat/)f ePsf %g\ . 9 k^s :ynut tflnd ;+rfng ePsf %g\ .

;xsf/L v]lt sfo{s|d

Gfof+ g]kfn lgdf{)f cleofg sfo{s|d cGt/ut clw/fHosf ;Kt/L, afs], alb{of, bf~, s}nfnL, dmfkf, df]/~, pbok'/, ;nf{xL, /fd]%fk, l;Gw'kfmrf]s, bf]nvf, wflb~, /;'jf, :of~hf / lrtjg u/L 16 lhNnfdf pQm cf=j=df a+u'/ tyf s'v'/fkfng sfo{s|d ;xsf/L v]ltsf] l;$fGt cg'?k ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfdf ;+rflnt o; sfo{s|dsf] ;dGjo s]lGb|o a+u'/ tyf s'v'/f k|a${g sfof{non] u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{s|d tkm{ Psd'i& 99 k|ltzt efl/t k|ult ePsf] lyof] ;fy} aflif{s ah]^ 3 s/f]* 40 nfv lalgof]hg ePsf]df 3 s/f]* 37 nfv 94 xhf/ vr{ eO{ 99 k|ltzt vr{ eof] . a+u'/sf] kf&fkf&L lat/)f 1900, s'v'/fsf] rNnf lat/)f 5000, a+u'/ tyf s'v'/fsf] vf]/ lgdf{)f cg'bfg 24, ladf sf]if :yfkgf 24 tflnd 2 k^s / laleGg ;fdfu|L 140 ;+Vofdf ljj/)f ePsf] lyof] . s'"n jh]^ ?= 2 s/f]* 84 nfv 67 xhf/ dWo] 2 s/f]* 83 nfv 17 xhf/ lgsf;f eO{ 2 s/f]* 80 nfv 92 xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% h'g lgsf;fsf] t'ngfdf 99=2 k|ltzt / ah]^ sf] t'ngfd 99=7 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% .

bL#{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf] xfn;Dd ePsf d"Vo pknAwLx?

lb#{sflng s[lif lasf; of]hgf cf=a= 055056 af^ z'? eO{ 13 aif{ k"/f u/L;s]sf] % .

o; calwdf+ of]hgfn] kl/sNkgf u/]em}+ b'w, km'n / df;'sf] pTkfbgsf] a[l$ b/ xfl;n x'g ;sg] l:ylt b]lvb}g . o; calwdf b'w, df;' / km'nsf] pTkfbgsf] aflif{s j[l$b/ s|dzM 5=56, 6=22 / 7=22 k|ltzt nIo /x]sf]df xfn aflif{s j[l$b/ 3=6, 5=5 / 2=8 k|ltzt dfq /x]sf]] b]lvG% .

pGgt gZnsf kz'x?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l$ eO{ kz'hGo kbfy{M b'w, df;' / km'nsf] pTkfbg ut aif{sf] t'ngfdf s|dz: 3=6, 3=5 / 2=8 a[l$ ePsf] b]lvG% . b'w pTkfbg cf=j= 05556 df 1072=9 xhf/ d]=^g af^ 1497=4 xhf/ d]=^g, df;' pTkfbg 185=0 xhf/ d]=^gaf^ 250=2 xhf/ d]=^g, km'n pTkfbg 46=0 s/f]* uf]^ faf^ 64=81 s/f]* uf]^ f k'u]sf] % .

cf=j= 205556 af^ kz' a:t'x?sf 23 j^f ks]^ af^ ks]^ Kofs]h sfo{s|d z'? ePsf]df

cf=a 066067 ;Dddf 2320 k'u]sf] % . To:t} u/L lb#{sfnLg s[lif lasf; of]hgfsf] z'?sf] aif{df kz'kfng ;+aGwL ;d'x 4900 /x]sf]df xfn 15266 k'u]sf] % eg] lxtsf]if /sd 3 s/f]* 39 nfvaf^ 14 s/f]* 68 nfv 14 xhf/ k'u]sf] % . kz' cf}iflw k;n 1990, bfgf k;n 929 / ;ls|o u|f=k=:jf=sf= 3054 hgf /x]sf]df xfn s|dzM 2959, 1491, 5209 k'u]sf] % . To:t}u/L s[lqd uef{wfg 32637 ;+Vof /x]sf]df a[l$ eO{ xfn 149261 ;+Vofdf k'u]sf] % .

o; calwdf kz' ;]jf laefu dfkm{t\ kz' ;]jf sfo{df 9 ca{ 94 s/f]* 75 nfv 88 xhf/

nufgL ePsf] b]lvG% . hgzlQmsf] xsdf eg] s"n b/aGbL 4233 af^ # ]^/ 4060 df k'u]sf] % . kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] ;+u&g :j?kdf s]xL kl/at{g eO{ kz'k+IfL ahf/ k|a${g lgb]{zgfno, ljefudf

sfg"g zfvf, s]Gb|Lo Olkof]*]ldof]nf]lhsn OsfO{, e]^ ]g/L hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, e]^ ]g/L u')f:t/ tyf cf}iflw Joj:yfkg sfof{no, nfOei^s u')f Joj:yfkg k|of]uzfnf tyf ePsf s]xL sfof{nosf] gfd kl/jt{g ePsf] % . gaf}+ of]hgf k"/} calwe/ a}b]lzs ;xof]udf cfwfl/t cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf t]>f] kz' lasf; cfof]hgf, kz' :jf:Yo ;'b[(Ls/)f cfof]hgf, kxf*L sa'lnotL ag tyf r/g lasf; cfof]hgfx? dfkm{t\ kz' ;]jf sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf dxTjk")f{ of]ubfg k'u]sf] lyof] eg] of]hgfsf] k|yd aif{df lk=Pn=la=lk= tyf d]lr kxf*L lasf; cfof]hgf / of]hgfsf] k|yd b'O{ aif{sf] nflu dflyNnf] ;u/dfyf cfof]hgf, df*{ cfof]hgfx?n] cf-cfkmgf If]qdf sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf ]^jf k'-ofPsf lyP . To:t}u/L bzf}+ of]hgfdf a}b]lzs ;xof]udf cfwfl/t cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf t]>f] kz' lasf; cfof]hgf, kz' :jf:Yo ;'b[(Ls/)f cfof]hgf, sa'lnotL ag tyf r/g lasf; sfo{s|d, ;fd'bflos kz' lasf; cfof]hgfn] ;xof]u k'-ofPsf %g\ . To:t}u/L laalif{o of]hgfdf klg sa'lnotL ag tyf r/g lasf; sfo{s|d, ;fd'bflos kz' lasf; cfof]hgf, Pleog OGkm\n'Ghf lgoGq)f cfof]hgf /x]sf %g\ .

cf=j= @)^^@)^& sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;f/f+z != efl/t k|ult k|ltzt ;f/f+zM !=! lhNnf:t/

cf=j= 206667 df lhNnf:t/df kz' ;]jf k|;f/ sfo{s|d 75 lhNnfdf / s)ff{nL c+rn kz' ljsf; sfo{s|d 5 lhNnfdf u/L ;a} kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?df klxnf] k|fyldstfsf] ?kdf kz' ;]jf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . pQm cjlwdf lhNnf:t/df 97 k|ltzt Ps d'i& efl/t k|ult ePsf] b]lvG% . kz' ;]jf k|;f/ sfo{s|d / s)ff{nL c+rn kz' ljsf; sfo{s|ddf s|dz: 98=0, / 100 k|ltzt nIo xfl;n ePsf] lyof] . 35 j^f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{non]] zt k|ltzt, 40 j^f sfof{non]] 80 b]lv 90 k|ltzt efl/t k|ult xfl;n u/]sf lyP .

!=! s]Gb|Lo:t/ cf=j= 206667 df s]Gb|Lo:t/df 9 j^f sfo{s|d dWo] 7 j^f sfo{s|d klxnf] k|fyldstf

k/]sf lyP . oL sfo{s|d cGt/ut s"n 261 j^F pkcfof]hgf ;+rfng ePsf lyP . pQm cjlwdf s]Gb|Lo:t/df 87=0 k|ltzt Psd'i& efl/t k|ult ePsf] b]lvG% . 178 j^f pkcfof]hgfn] zt k|ltzt, 127 j^f pkcfof]hgfn] 80 b]lv 90 k|ltzt efl/t k|ult xfl;n u/]sf lyP eg] 1 j^f pkcfof]hgfn] 50 b]lv 79 k|ltzt / 5 j^f pkcfof]hgfsf] k|ult k|fKt ePg .

gof+ g]kfn lgdf{)f sfo{s|d cGt/ut ;Kt/L, af+s], alb{of, bf~=, s}nfnL, dmfkf, df]/~, pbok'/, ;nf{xL, /fd]%fk, l;Gw'kfnrf]s, bf]nvf, wflb~, /;'jf, :of~hf, lrtjg u/L 16 lhNngfdf s'v'/f tyf a+u'/kfng ;xsf/L v]lt sfo{s|d / pQm sfo{s|dsf] ;dGjo s]Gb|Lo a+u'/ s'v'/f k|a${g sfof{non] u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{s|dsf] k|ult 99=6 k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

@= ef}lts k|ult

!=@ lhNnf:t/ cf=j= 206667 df o; ljefu cGtu{t 75 j^f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox? dfkm{t\

Joj;foLs, Joj;fof]Gd'v, cfocfh{g / Joj;foLs ;'b[(Ls/)f sfo{qmd u/L hDdf 4 d'Vo sfo{qmdx? ;`rfng ul/P . cl#Nnf 3 sfo{qmdx? ks]^ Kofs]hsf] ?kdf ;`rfng ul/Psf] lyof] eg] kl%Nnf] sfo{qmd ;fwf/)f sfo{qmd h:t} lhNnfe/ g} ;`rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . cfocfh{g sfo{qmd cGtu{t dlxnf ljsf;, ul/jL lgjf/)f / blnt hghftL sfo{qmd ;`rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

o; cjlwdf s[ifsx?df 481 pGgt kz'x? tyf 72981 rNnf lat/)f ul/of] . 449

x]S^/df Psaif]{ #f+; nufOof], 87825 kz'df s[lqd uef{wfg, kz' :jf:Yo lzla/ 85 k^s, ;]jfs]Gb|:t/Lo s[ifs tfnLd 731 k^s -Ps k^sdf 20 b]lv 25 hjfg s[ifs ;dfj]z x'g]_ ;`rfng ul/of] eg] 385 hjfg s[ifsx?nfO{ ljleGg ljifodf If]qLo:t/sf] tfnLd k|bfg ul/of] . To:t}u/L 948 xhf/ kz'x?df vf]k, 1179 xhf/ kz'x?df pkrf/ ;]jf tyf 170 xhf/ ;+Vofdf k|of]uzfnf ;]jf k'CofOPsf] lyof] .

lhNnf:t/ cfof]hgfsf] k|ult k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/f+z tflnsf g+= 3 df lbOPsf] % eg] lj:t[t k|ult k|ltj]bg cg';"lr 26 df lbO{Psf] % .

tflnsf g+= # cf=j= @)^^^& sf] jflif{s k|ult ;f/f+z lhNnf:t/

l;=g+= sfo{qmd ljj/)f OsfO{ jflif{s nIf jflif{s k|ult k|ult k|ltzt

1 pGgt kz' ljt/)f ;+Vof 450 398 88=42 rNnf ljt/)f ;+Vof 80000 78000 973 kz' k|hgg ;]jf

3=1 s[lqd uef{wfg ;+Vof 140000 149261 106=64 kz' :jf:Yo sfo{qmd

4=1 k|of]uzfnf kl/IF)f xhf/ 105 105 1004=2 pkrf/ ;]jf xhf/ 859=7 859=7 1004=3 /f]]u lg/f]ws vf]k sfo{qmd xhf/ 512=2 512=2 100

5 tflnd sfo{qmd

5=1 clws[t:t/ Hjfg 55 55 1005=2 k|f=;=gf=k|f=;= hjfg 137 137 1005=3 cu'jf s[ifspBdL If]lqo:t/ -7

lbg]_ hjfg 561 561 100

5=3 ;]jfs]Gb|:t/Lo cu'jf s[ifs k^s 652 652 1006 jflif{s k'l:tsf k|sfzg k^s 75 70 93

@=@ s]Gb|Lo:t/ cf=a= 206667 df ;+rfng ePsf s]Gb|Lo:t/ cfof]hgfsf d'Vo d'Vo sfo{s|d tyf k|ult

l:ylt lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] % . tflnsf g+= 4M cf=j= 206667 jflif{s k|ult ;f/f+z -s]Gb|Lo:t/_

l;=g+ sfo{s|d OsfO{ nIo k|ult k|ult k|ltzt 1 afR%fafR%L pTkfbg ;+Vof 31 36 1162 ofsgfs pTkfbg ;+Vof 15 22 1473 4

D'f/f{ e};Lsf] kf*fkf*L pTkfbg afv|fsf] kf&fkf&L pTkfbg

;+Vof;+Vof

35 260

43 312

123120

5 e]*fsf] kf&fkf&L pTkfbg ;+Vof 100 150 1506 a+u'/sf]] kf&fkf&L pTkfbg ;+Vof 780 1028 1327 rNnf pTkfbg xhf/ 170 210=4 1248 Ogf]s'nd pTkfbg s]=lh 100 175 175 9 /+fuf];f+(]sf] lao{ pTkfbg *f]h xhf/ 150 161=3 108 10 /]lah la?$ EofS;Lg pTkfbg *f]h 22000 22326 10111 cGo laleGg EofS;Lg pTkfbg xhf/ dfqf 17085 24180 14212 lk= lk=cf/=EofS;Lg]zg u/]sf] Xhf/ 1500 1500 100 13 Vff]/]t efO/; l;/f]^ fOlk~= ;+Vof 100 147 14714 afv|faf]sf vl/b tyf lat/)f

-u=lg=Jo=af=sfo{s|daf^_ ;+Vof 17992 16147 90

15 ahf/ ;"rgf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg k^s 12 12 10016 ;+:yfut df;' k;n ;'wf/ ;+Vof 5 5 10017 *]/L pBf]u k|a${g k^s 4 4 10018 clws[t:t/ tflnd k^s 3 3 10019 k|f=;gf=k|f=;=:t/ tflnd k^s 17 17 10020 s[ifs:t/ tflnd k^s 35 35 10021 afv|faf]sf vl/b tyf lat/)f

-sa'lnotL sfo{s|daf^_ ;+Vof 17992 16147 98=6

#= d'Vo d'Vo ;"rsx?df ePsf kl/jt{g

cf=a= 066067 df ut cf=j= 06566 sf] t'ngfdf kz' ;]jfdf ;+nUg /x]sf ;d'xdf

/x]sf ;+Vofdf 6=3 k|ltztn] j[l$ eO{ 15266 k'u]sf] % . oL ;d'xsf lxtsf]if /sd o; cf=j=sf] cGtdf ?= 14 s/f]* 68 nfv 14 xhf/ k'u]sf] b]lvG%, h'g ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf 6=0 k|ltztn] a[l$ ePsf] % . To:t}u/L cf}iflw k;ndf 1=57 k|ltztn] a[l$ eO{ 2959 k'u]sf] % . To:t}u/L ;s|Lo u|f=k=:jf=sf=sf] ;+Vofdf klg 3=9 k|ltztn] a[l$ eO{ 5209 hjfg k'u]sf] b]lvG% . kz' cf}iflw k;n /

;lqmo u|fld)f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{sf] ;+Vofdf j[l$ x'g'df kz'kfngdf ePsf] Joj;foLs/)fnfO{ lng ;lsG% .

To:t}u/L kz' k|hgg\ ;]jftkm{ s[ltd uef{wfg ;]jf k'CofOPsf kz' ;+Vof eg] ut aif{ eGbf

51=9 k|ltzt al( 98265 af^ 149261 df k'u]sf] b]lvG% . pGgt gZnsf kz'x?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l$ eO{ kz'hGo kbfy{M b'w, df;' / km'nsf] pTkfbg ut aif{sf] t'ngfdf s|dz: 3=6, 3=5 / 2=8 a[l$ ePsf] b]lvG% . b'w pTkfbg 1445=4 xhf/ d]=^g af^ 1497=4 xhf/ d]=^g, df;' pTkfbg 241=6 xhf/ d]=^gaf^ 250=2 xhf/ d]=^g, km'n pTkfbg 62=99 s/f]* uf]^ faf^ 64=81 s/f]* uf]^ f k'u]sf] % . t/ pmg 0=22 k|ltztn] #^L 583=7 d]=^Gf af^ 582=4 d]=^Gf k'u]sf] b]lvG% . cg';"rL 2, 3 / 4 df la:t[t laa/)f /x]sf] % .

b"w, km'n / df;'sf] pTkfbg ut aif{sf] t'ngfdf a[l$ ePtfklg kz'hGo kbfy{sf] k|lt AolQm k|lt aif{ rflxg] cfaZostfsf] ;Gbe{df xfnsf] pTkfbg ck'u b]lvG% . df;' 14 s]=lh, b"w 57 ln^/ / km'n 48 uf]^ f k|lt AolQm k|lt aif{ cfaZostfnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf cf=a= 06667 df b"w 1598 xhf/ d]=^g, df;' 393 xhf/ d]=^g / km'Nf 135 s/f]* cfaZostf b]lvG% . pQm aif{sf] pTkfbgdf b"w 101 xhf/ d]=^g, df;' 142 xhf/ d]=^g / km'n 70 s/f]*n] ck'u ePsf] b]lvG% .

oxf+ b"wsf] cfjZoQmf 57 ln^/ k|lt JolQm k|lt aif{ - 156 u|fd k|lt JolQm k|lt lbgsf] b/n]

/flvPsf] % hasL l%d]sL d'n's ef/tdf 245 u|fd k|lt JolQm k|lt lbg, International recommendation 285 u|fd k|lt JolQm k|lt lbg, FAo recommendation 250 u|fd k|lt JolQm k|lt lbg / Developed countries 400 u|fd k|lt JolQm k|lt lbg /x]sf] % . o;sf] cltl/Qm b]zdf xfn ;+rfngfdf /x]sf la/f^gu/ l:yt DDC sf] w"nf] b"w sf/vfgf, lglh If]qaf^ ;+rflnt lrtjg w"nf] b"w sf/vfgf / sf:sL lhNnfsf] kf]v/f cf}wf]lus If]qdf cjl:yt ;'hn *]/L k|f=ln= sf] w"nf] b"w sf/vfgf / lgs^ elaZodfg} ;+rfng x"g uO/x]sf ;nf{xLsf] ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgfsf] cfjZoQmfnfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ /fVbf xfnsf] t/n b"w pTkfbgdf lgSs} a[l$ ug'{ h?/L eO;s]sf] % .

$= cfly{s k|ult

cf=a= 066067 df krxQ/} j^f lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nox?sf]] s"n jh]^ ?= 75 s/f]* 10 nfv 18 xhf/ dWo] 69 s/f]* 64 nfv 43 xhf/ lgsf;f eO{ 52 s/f]* 60 nfv 22 xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% h'g lgsf;fsf] t'ngfdf 99=4 k|ltzt / ah]^ sf] t'ngfdf 98 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% / s)ff{nL c+rn kz' lasf; sfo{s|d cGt/ut 90 nfv dWo] 88 nfv 51 xhf/ lgsf;f eO{ 88 nfv 51 xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% h'g lgsf;fsf] t'ngfdf 100 k|ltzt / ah]^ sf] t'ngfdf 98=3 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] b]lvG%. s)ff{nL c+rnsf kz' lasf; sfo{s|d tkm{ 86 nfv ah]^ lalgofhg ePsf]df 85 nfv 54 xhf/ lgsf;f tyf vr{ eO{ lgsf;fsf] t'ngfdf zt k|ltzt / ah]^ sf] t'ngfdf 99 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] b]lvg% .

To:t}u/L s]Gb|Lo:t/sf sfof{nox?df ;xsf/L v]lt ;lxt s"n jh]^ ?= 1 c/a 34 s/f]* 81 nfv 58 xhf/ dWo] 85 s/f]* 5 nfv 32 xhf/ lgsf;f eO{ 82 s/f]* 5 nfv 46 xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% h'g lgsf;fsf] t'ngfdf 97 k|ltzt / ah]^ sf] t'ngfdf 61=2 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] b]lvG%

;xsf/L v]lt cGt/ut s"n jh]^ ?= 2 s/f]* 84 nfv 67 xhf/ dWo] 2 s/f]* 83 nfv 17 xhf/ lgsf;f eO{ 2 s/f]* 80 nfv 92 xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% h'g lgsf;fsf] t'ngfdf 99=2 k|ltzt / ah]^ sf] t'ngfd 99=7 k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] b]lvG% . cg';"lr g+= 23 / 24 df o; ;DalGw la:t[t ljj/)f lbOPsf] % .

cf=j= @)^^)^& df ;+rflnt sfo{qmdsf d'Vo d'Vo pknlAwx?

1= kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf sfo{s|d 4034 500 kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf ;+aGwL cf}ifwL pTkfbg, vf]k Joj:yfkg, u')f:t/ lgodg, Sjf/]G^fOg ;]jf ;+rfng tyf :yfgLo txdf k|flalws ;]jf. ]^jf pknJw u/fpg] h:tf sfo{s|d ;+rfng u/L kz' wg ;'/Iffdf ]^jf k'ofOPsf] lyof] . WTO/SPS Agreement nfO{ dWogh/ /fvL k|of]uzfnf ;'b[l*s/)f tyf /f]u lgbfg sfo{nfO{ k|fyldStf lbOPsf] lyof]. b]zdf a*{kmn' /f]u k/]sf ;Gbe{df lhNnfx?af^ k|fKt gd'gf kl/If)f ubf{ s'g /f]usf sf/)f k+IfLx?sf] d[To' ePsf] xf] ;f] ;+aGwdf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;";'lrt u/fpg tyf /f]u %'^ \^ fpg kl/If)f ug]{ ;+aGwLt sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . cfly{s b[i^Lsf])fn] dxTjk")f{ kz' /f]ux?sf] /f]syfd, lgoGq)f, pGd'ng / cfsl:ds ?kdf tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] a]nf km}ng ;Sg] kz' /f]ux?sf] cGj]if)f, lgoGq)f, pGd'ng tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ ;+rfng ePsf] lyof]. afv|fkfngdf lk=lk=cf/= /f]usf] sf/)f x'g] &'nf] cfly{s gf]S;fgLnfO{ sd u/L cfo cfh{gdf a[l$ ug{ /f]Uf lgoGq)fsf] nflu lk=lk=cf/=sf] 24 nfv 17 xhf/ 9 ;o *f]h EofS;Lg pTkfbg u/L 15 nfv e]*f afv|fdf /fli f]t ;+/If)f ;+dGjo h:tf pGgt ;]jfx? ;+rfng u/L kz'x?sf] pTkfbsTj a[l$ u/fpg] b[li^n] of] sfo{s|d ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] % . 1 nfv 2 xhf/ 1 ;o 26 j^f kz' x?df s[lqd uef{wfg ePsf], 161 xhf/ *f]h /fUff]. ;f(]sf] hd]sf] lao{ pTkfbg ePsf] / 673 kz'hGo kbfy{sf] u')f ;+aGwL k|of]uzfnf kl/If)f ePsf] lyof] . 3= kz'k+IfL ahf/ k|a${g sfo{s|d 4034 511 kz'k+IfL tyf kz'k+IfLhGo pTkfbgsf] ahf/ k|a${gsf] ug]{ p$]Zon] o; sfo{s|d ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] % . o; sfo{s|d cGt/ut 12 k^s ahf/ ;"rgf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg, 5 j^f df;' k;n ;'wf/, 5 j^f *]/L k;n ;'wf/ ePsf] lyof] . 4= kz' lasf; kmfd{x? 4034 520

kmfd{sf] k|efj If]qdf /x]sf laleGg kz'k+IfLx?sf] hflto >f]t klxrfg, laZn]If)f tyf ;+/If)f / cg';Gwfgaf^ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf pGgt kz'k+IfLx? Pa+ #f+;sf] lapsf] Iff]t ;+aw{g u/L :yflgo gZn ;'wf/sQf{ Pa+ pBdL s[ifsx?nfO{ ;fdu|Lsf] >f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf lasl;t u/fO{ pGgt gZn / k|flalws ]^jf k'ofpg] b[li f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u ug]{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/Psf] %g\ . h;cg';f/ 36 j^f afR%fafR%L pTkfbg, 22 j^f ofs gfs pTkfbg, 43 j^f kf*fkf*L pTkfbg, 312 j^f afv|fsf kf&fkf&L pTkfbg, 150 j^f e]*fsf] kf&fkf&L pTkfbg 1028 j^f a+u'/sf] kf&fkf&L pTkfbg, 210 xhf/ s'v/fsf] rNnf pTkfbg, 200 s]=lh h}las dn pTkfbg / #+f;sf] lap pTkfbg 35=13 d]= ^g ePsf] lyof] 5= sa'lnolt ag tyf kz' lasf; sfo{s|d 4034 550 ul/a tyf lakGg ls;fgx?nfO{ x}l;ot lau|LPsf] ag If]q sa'lnoltdf pknJw u/fO{ agsf] x}l;ot ;'wf/ ug}{ / kz''kfng tyf #+f; lasf;sf] dfWodaf^ ul/a au{sf] cfo tyf /f]huf/ k|a${g u/L ul/jL #^fpg] p$]Zon] o; sfo{s|d 22 lhNnfdf ;+rfng ePsf %g\ . o; sfo{s|d cGt/ut 1660 k^s sa'lnolt ;d'xdf kz'kfng tflnd 1 lbg], 15375 j^f afv|f lat/)f, 772 j^f af]sf lat/)f, 44 xhf/ af]sf afv|fdf vf]k / 30 xhf/ 1 ;o af]sf afv|fnfO{ cfsl:ds pkrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . 6= kz' ;]jf tflnd 4034 570 kz' :jf:Yo, kz' Joj:yfkg / kz'hGo kbfy{x?sf] u')f:t/ ;'wf/ / lgodg ;a$ If]qsf] hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf lasf; u/fpg] tyf u|fld)f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{sQf{ cu'jf s[ifs tflnd ;+rfng u/L :yfgLo If]qdf kz' ;]jf k|lalw lasf; ub}{ hfg] b[li^sf])fn] tflnd sfo{s|d ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf %g\ . o; cf=j=df Ifdtf lasf;sf] nflu laleGg txsf tflnd ;+rfng ePsf]n] clws[t:t/, ;xfos:t/ / pBdL:t/. s[ifs:t/ hjfgnfO{ kz' :jf:Yo, kz' Joj:yfkg / kz'hGo kbfy{sf] u')f:t/ ;'wf/ / lgodg ;Da$ If]qdf hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf clwa[l$ ePsf] % . laleGg sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf]n] clws[t:t/ tflnd 55 hgf, ;xfos:t/ tflnd 137 hgf, s[ifs.pBdL:t/ tflnd 561 hgfn] k|fKt u/]sf %g\ . 7= ;fd'bflos kz' lasf; cfof]hgf 40.3.4 591 kz'k+IfLx?sf] pTkfbsTj dfkm{t cfly{s a[l$df of]ubfg k'ofpg ;fy} cfo tyf /f]huf/Lsf] cjz/ a(fO{ ul/aL #^fpg] b[i^Lsf])fn] ;fd'bflos kz' lasf; cfof]hgf ;+rfng ePsf] % . kz' awzfnf ;'wf/ 1 j^f, gd'gf kz'aw:yn tyf las|L s]Gb|df ;'wf/ 10, ;xsfo{df lrln~ ;]G^/ :yfkgf 7 j^f, gd'gf kz' xf^ ahf/ :yfkgfsf] nflu 5 j^f sfo{ ePsf lyof] . *]/L pks/)f dd{t tflnd 1 k^s, ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd 1 k^s, Goat Resources Management tflnd 7 k^s :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . 8= a*{ kmNo" lgoGq)f cfof]hgf 4034 592 k+IfLx?df km}lng] a*{ kmNo" /f]usf] /f]syfd tyf lgoGq)Fsf] nflu o; cfof]hgfaf^ sfo{s|d ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf %g\ . laut s]lx aif{ b]lv g} laZj e/L g} xfOnL Kofyf]hlgs Pleog OGkmn"Ghf -HPAI ) sf] k|sf]k b]vfk/]sf] ;Gbe{df laZj a}ssf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf g]kfndf klg o; sfo{s|d ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] % . cfof]hgfsf] k|d'v p$]Zo cg'?k k+IfLx?df a*{ kmNo" /f]u leqg glbg ;ts{tf ckgfpg], gd'gfx?sf] lgoldt hfr, cg'udg tyf k|rf/ k|;f/sf sfdx? ;+rfng eOcfPsf %g\ . pRr hf]lvd 26 lhNnf / dWo hf]lvd 18 lhNnfdf PS^Le ;le{n]G; 12 dlxgf e/Lg} ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . 12540 ;+Vofdf k+IfLx?sf] Nofjdf gd'gf kl/If)f ePsf] lyof] . 1 k^s Ifltk"lt{ sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg ePsf] lyof]

9= s)ff{nL c+rn kz' lasf; sfo{s|d 4034 801 s)ff{nL c+rndf laleGg kz' lasf; ;+aGwL sfo{s|d ;+rfngaf^ pTkfbg Pa+ s[ifsx?sf] cfo tyf /f]huf/Ldf ]^jf k'ofpg] p$]Zo o; sfo{s|dsf] x'b} cfPsf] % . afv|f k}rf} sfo{s|d, e]*f lasf; sfo{s|d, kz' k|hgg sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] % . 310 j^f afv|f tyf af]sf %gf}^ , vl/b / lat/)f ePsf %g\ . 465 j^f e]*f tyf y'df %gf}^ , vl/b / lat/)f ePsf %g\ . 9 k^s :ynut tflnd ;+rfng ePsf %g\ . kz' k|hggsf] nflu 3 j^f /f+uf , 5 j^f hl;{ ax/, 3 j^f ofs.gfs / 9 j^f uwf lat/)f ePsf %g\ ;fy} 5000 s'v'/fsf] rNnf lat/)f ePsf %g\ . 2412 e]*fafv|fdf vf]k sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . 10= kz' ;]jf k|;f/ sfo{s|d 4034 413 o; sfo{s|d cgt/ut kz' k|hgg\ kz' ;]jf tflnd, kz' :jf:Yo, r/g lasf;, kz'kfng Joj:yfkg, ahf/ lasf; h:tf sfo{s|d 75 j }^ lhNnfdf ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf %g\ . oL sfo{s|dx? :yflgo lhNnf lasf; ;ldtLaf^ l:js[t eO{ sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf %g\ . o; cGt/ut 398 pGgt gZnsf kz' lat/)f, 78 xhf/ s'v'/fsf] rNnf lat/)f, 1 nfv 2 xhf/ 1 ;o 26 j^f kz' x?df s[lqd uef{wfg, 652 k^s ;]jfs]Gb| :t/ tflnd, 571 hgf s[ifsn] If]lqo:t/ s[ifs tflnd, 105 xhf/ kz'k+IfLsf k|of]uzfnf kl/If)f, 859 xhf/ kz'k+IfLsf] pkrf/ / 512 xhf/ kz'k+IfLdf vf]k sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .

11= ;xsf/L v]lt sfo{s|d 403464

Gfof+ g]kfn lgdf{)f cleofg sfo{s|d cGt/ut clw/fHosf ;Kt/L, afs], alb{of, bf~, s}nfnL, dmfkf, df]/~, pbok'/, ;nf{xL, /fd]%fk, l;Gw'kfmrf]s, bf]nvf, wflb~, /;'jf, :of~hf / lrtjg u/L 16 lhNnfdf pQm cf=j=df a+u'/ tyf s'v'/fkfng sfo{s|d ;xsf/L v]ltsf] l;$fGt cg'?k ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfdf ;+rflnt o; sfo{s|dsf] ;dGjo s]lGb|o a+u'/ tyf s'v'/f k|a${g sfof{non] u/]sf] lyof] a+u'/sf] kf&fkf&L lat/)f 1900, s'v'/fsf] rNnf lat/)f 5000, a+u'/ tyf s'v'/fsf] vf]/ lgdf{)f cg'bfg 24, ladf sf]if :yfkgf 24 tflnd 2 k^s / laleGg ;fdfu|L 140 ;+Vofdf ljj/)f ePsf] lyof] .

Kfz' ;]Jf sfo{s|ddf b]lvPsf k|d'v r'gf}ltx?

ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdL tyf laleGg lgsfox? aLr ;dGjosf] cefjn] ubf{ "kz' :jf:Yo tyf kz'

;]af P]g 2055" / "df;' hf+r tyf awzfnf P]g 2055" k|efjsf/L ?kdf nfu" x'g g;s]sf] . kz' lasf;sf] nlIft k|ult b/ sfod x'g ;dfg'kflts ah]^ gkfOPsf] . kz'hGo pBf]unfO{ s[lifhGo pBf]u;/x ;'lawf;x'nLot gePsf]n] kz'hGo pBf]usf] k|a${gdf ;d:of

oyfat g} /x]sf] . :yfgLo lgsfox?n] laleGg s/x? kz' tyf kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg tyf ('jfgLdf lng] u/]sf]n]

pQm a:t'x?sf] pTkfbg nfutdf a[l$ eO{ ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ b]lvPsf] sl&gfO{ klg oyfat g} /x]sf] .

laefu cGt/ut /x]sf laleGg lgsfox?M kmfd,{ tfnLd s]Gb| kz' Sjf/]G^fO{g sfof{no, lh=k=;]=sf=, ;]jf s]Gb|pks]Gb|x?df a]nf a]nfdf ePsf] ef}lts ;+/rfgsf] IftLn] ubf{ u')f:t/Lo aLp, a]gf{, kz'k+IfL pTkfbg tyf lat/)fsf] ;fy} s[ifsx?df ;]jf k'Cofpg c;'lawf ePsf] .

o; laefu cGt/ut lqk'/]Zj/ xftfdf /x]sf] hUufsf] laafb sfod} /x]sf]n] xfn;Dd klg nfnk'hf{ k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] .

r/g tyf #f+;]afnL aLp a[l$ kmfd{ wg'iffnfO{ u'&L ;+:yfgaf^ e" axfn tyf d'cJhf ;+aGwL egL ? 1,01,42,07,660 /sd kmfd{;+u dfu ePsf] / ;f] e" :jfldTj kmfd{df x:tfgt/)f x'gg;s]sf] .

dWo tyf ;'b'/ klZrdfGrn lasf; If]q nufot b]z laleGg efuaf^ e};L b]z aflx/ nlug] s|d oyfat /x]sf] .

b}lgs sl/j 5 nfv ln^/ Lean Season df / 2 nfv 50 xhf/ ln^/ Flush Season df t/n b'wsf] cefa

xfn;Dd kz'k+IfL u)fgf gePsf] . g]kfnL kz'hGo pTkfbgx? l%d]sfL d'n'fsf pTkfbg ;/x Competitive agfpgsf] nflu sdhf]/

Budgetary Support xfnsf] ablnbf] kl/k|]Ifdf ;]jfu|fxLsf] dfu cg';f/ ;]jf la:tf/df xfnsf] hgzlQm 4050,

;]jfs]gb|pks]Gb 999 ck|ofKt ePsf] .

kz'kfng Joj;fodf ln lae]bL laa/0f

tflnsf g+= $ -s_ kz' kfng Jofj;fodf ;+nUg s[ifs ;d'x;b:o

cf=a= s[ifs ;d'x ;+Vof s[ifs ;b:o ;+Vof ;b:o k|ltzt

k'?if dlxnf ldl>t hDdf k'?if dlxnf hDdf k'?if dlxnf206667 2712 5188 7366 15266 71669 98127 169897 42=2 57 =8206566 2736 5046 6578 14360 80881 94263 175144 46=1 53=8206465 2759 4777 5729 13265 83519 77316 160835 51=93 48=07206364 2898 3738 4683 11319 71681 64202 135883 52=8 47=2206263 2840 3086 3896 9822 65268 54345 119613 54=6 45=4206162 2813 2129 2601 7543 51207 39542 90749 57 43206061 2812 1889 2264 6965 46449 31715 77899 60 40

tflnsf g+ % -v_ kz' kfng Jofj;fodf ;+nUg s[ifs ;d'xsf] lxt sf]if /sd / nufgL ? ))) cf=a= ;d'x cg';f/ lxtsf]if /sd ;d'x cg';f/ lxtsf]if nufgL

k'?if dlxnf ldl>t hDdf k'?if dlxnf ldl>t hDdf206667 34593 57505 54717 146815 24486 29166 39590 93242206566 37850 44978 55688 138515 25063 20985 28940 74987206465 35899 43040 46300 125239 24524 16641 22284 63449206364 35229 33946 39652 108827 24337 14773 21611 60721206263 34373 29069 29731 93173 22483 14506 20562 57551206162 31118 23568 25522 81695 19437 12291 18059 49787206061 32340 24759 20801 77899 18734 13704 14399 46837

tflnsf g+= %=s -u_ kz' kfng Jofj;fodf ;+nUg u|fld0f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{

cf=a= k'?if dlxnf hDdf dlxnf -%_206566 4399 613 5012 12=2 206465 4408 553 4961 11=1 206364 4138 531 4669 12=8 206263 3921 501 4422 11=3 206162 3720 456 4185 10=8 206061 3533 396 3929 10

-#_ cf=a=@)^%^^ ;+rflnt tfnLd sfo{s|ddf dlxnf ;xeflutf tflnsf g+= ^ -s_ pBdLs[ifs:t/ tfnLd

l;=g+= tfnLd sfo{s|dx? hDdf dlxnf k'?if dlxnf % 1= ufO{e}+l; kfng -7 lbg]_ 92 27 65 29=32= r/Gf tyf cfxf/ -7 lbg]_ 74 13 34 17=563= ;d'x Aoj:yfkg -7 lbg]_ 25 12 13 484= A+fu'/kfng -7 lbg]_ 25 19 16 765= ahf/ Joj:yfkg 12 9 3 75 6= :JfR% df;' pTkfbg 38 1 37 2=67= u|f=k=:jf=sf= k"gtfh{sL 15 7 8 46=68= *]/L pBdL tflnd -7 lbg]_ 30 4 26 13=39= afv|fkfng tflnd -7 lbg _ 140 75 65 53=5 hDdf 444 174 270 39=1

tflnsf g+= ^-v_ clws[t :t/ l;=g+= tfnLd sfo{s|dx? hDdf dlxnf k'?if dlxnf %1 ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u&g / kz' ljsf; -7

lbg]_ 22 2 20 9

2= Olk*]ldof]nf]lhsn P)* Sjf/]G^fOg Dofg]Hfd]G^ -7 lbg]_

20 2 18

10

3 Df;' lgl/If)f 20 2 18 104 cfwf/e't ;]jfsflng tflnd 35 lbg] 20 1 19 5 hDdf 83 8 75 9=6

[

tflnsf g+= 6M -u_ k|f=;=gf=k|f=;=:t/ l;=g+= tfnLd sfo{s|dx? hDdf dlxnf k'?if Dlxnf %1= kz' k|hgg\ tyf s[=u= -14 lbg]_ 36 0 36 02= of]hgf th{"df tyf Joj:yfkg -14 lbg]_ 27 0 27 03= ahf/ Joj:yfkg 21 0 21 04= ;dfh kl/rfng -7 lbg]_ 17 2 15 11=7 hDdf 101 2 99 1=9

-$_ cf=a=@)^^^& ;+rflnt lgoldt tfnLd sfo{s|ddf dlxnf ;xeflutf s|=z Tflnd:t/ ;xefuL dlxnf k'?if hDdf 1 clws[t:t/ 7 48 55 2 ;xfos:t/ 3 134 137 3 s[ifsJoj;foL:t/ 120 263 383 4 S[ifspBdL 16 144 160 5 u|f=k=:jf=sf= k"gtf{huL 3 15 18 hDdf 149 604 753

-%_ cf=a=@)^^^& ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos kz' lasf; cfof]hgf tkm{ dlxnf ;xeflutf

s|=z Tflnd:t/ ;xefuL

dlxnf k'?if hDdf 1 clws[t:t/ 6 74 80 2 ;xfos:t/ 7 192 199 3 s[ifsJoj;foL:t/ 14 84 98 4 u|f=k=:jf=sf= 35 lbg 11 13 24 5 kz' cf}ifwL Joj;foL 35 lbg] 7 71 78 hDdf 45 434 479

kz'k+IfL tyf kz'hGo kbfy{sf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg

u|fdL)f If]qdf pTkfbg x'g] kz'hGo kbfy{x?n]] e/kbf]{ jhf/ kfpg g;s]sf] sf/)fn] ubf{

Psftkm{ pTkfbgdf cf;fltt ?kdf a[l$ x'g ;s]sf]] %}g eg] csf]{ tkm{ o; If]qdf ;'lglZrt jhf/sf] cefjn] ubf{ s[ifsx?sf] dgf]jn #l^/fv]sf] % . g]kfnn] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u&gsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ul/;s]sf]] kl/k|]Ifdf b]zdf plrt k|ljlwsf] k|of]usf] ;fy;fy} pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf u')ffTds tyf kl/df)ffTds a[l$ Nofpg kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] cfGt/Ls tyf afXo jhf/ k|)ffnLnfO{ v'nf tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds jhf/ Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodjf^ Joj;foLs/)f ub}{ nfg' h?/L % . ljz]if u/L kz'hGo kbfy{n] k|efjsf/L jhf/ kfpg g;Sg'df ef}lts k"af{wf/sf] lasf; gx'g', ahf/ ;"rgfsf] cefa, hgr]tgfsf] sdL, pTkfbg nfut a(L x'g' cflb sf/)f /x]sf %g\ . o;sf] cnfjf kz'hGo ahf/nfO{ k|efasf/L?kdf k|a$g ug{ z;St lgsfox?sf] cefa klg v*\sLPsf] % . o; ;Gbe{df lglh If]qsf] e"ldsf cxd x'g ;Sg] s'/fdf b'O{ dt %}g, ;fy} ;/sf/L :t/df klg o;;+alGw sfo{ x]g]{ lgsfosf] cfjZostf dxz'; ePsf] lyof] .

s[lif If]qsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] kz'k+IfLkfng k]zfaf^ pTkflbt kz'k+IfL tyf kz'hGo kbfy{x?sf] Joal:yt ahf/ tyf pBf]u Jofkf/sf] k|j${gaf^ bL#{sflng s[ifL of]hgfn] kl/nIftL u/] cg';f/ kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbsTjdf pRrtd a[l$b/ xfl;n u/L ;j{;fw/)fsf] cfo cfh{gdf ]^jf k'Cofpg tTsflng g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ldlt 2057.3.26 sf] lg)f{o cg';f/ s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno, kz' ;]jf laefu cGt/ut Pp^f %'} kz'k+IfL ahf/ lgb]{zgfno, xl/x/ejgdf v*f ePsf] % . kz'hGo pBf]u Joj;fo k|j${g tyf ahf/ lasf; u/L kz'kfng k]zfaf^ ;a{;fwf/)fsf] cfo tyf /f]huf/sf cj;/ a(fpg] o; lgb]{zgfnosf] k|d'v p$]Zo /x]sf] % . pko'{Qm p$]Zo kl/k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/L tyf u}x|;/sf/L lgsfo tyf cGo ;+# ;+:yfx?sf] ;xefuLtfdf lhNnf:t/b]lv gu/kfnLsf, uf=la=;= / j*f:t/;Dd kz'k+IfL ahf/ lasf; tyf pBf]u Jofkf/ k|j${gsf sfo{gLlt to u/L kz'k+IfL ahf/ k|j${gsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ub}{ hfg] o; lgb]{zgfnosf] k|d'v bfoLTj /xg] % . cf=j= 06162 df kfNkfsf] d}gfbL / ;'g;/Lsf] w/fgdf kz'k+IfL ;+sng s]Gb|, Og?jfdf kz' xf^ ahf/sf] ;'wf/, sf&df)*f}df aWf:yn tyf df;' k;n ;'wf/ , s[lif d]nf cflb sfo{s|d ;+aGwLt lgsfox?sf] ;xsfo{df ;+rfng ePsf lyof] . To:t}u/L cf=j= 06263 df ahf/ cfk"lt{ l:ylt ljj/)f ;+sng tyf k|]if)f, ahf/ ;"rgf Joj:yfkg, ;xsfo{df xF^ ahf/ ;'wf/, kz' ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf, df;' ahf/ ;'wf/ - &LdL, nlntk'/, rGb|u(L, latf{df]*, sf&df)*f}_ cflb sfo{ ;+kGg ePsf lyP . cf=j 063 64 df kz' k"af{wf/ lgdf{)f ;'wf/ 2, kz' xf^ ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ 4, kz' aWf:yn ;'wf/ 1, df;' k;n ;'wf/ 2, kz' ahf/ ;+aGwL cWoog 1, df}h'bf kz' xf^ ahf/ :ynut cWoog 1 :yfgdf ePsf] lyof]. To:t]u/L cf=j 06465 df %fnf ;+aGwL cWoog 1 k^s, bfgf tyf sRrf kbfy{ cfk'lt{ cWoog 1 k^s, kz' aWf:yn ;'wf/ 2, df;' k;n ;'wf/ 4, df}h'bf kz' xf^ ahf/ :ynut cWoog 9 :yfgdf ePsf] lyof]. cf= j= 065.66 df ahf/ ;"rgf ;+sng tyf k|afx, kz' xf^ ahf/ ;'wf/, pBf]u, df;' Joj;fo k|a${g, b'Uw Joj;fo k|a${g, hgr]tgf clea[l$, d]nf k|bz{gL Joj:yfkg, tyf Ifdtf lasf;, ahf/ k|a${g uf]i&L, cWoog, ;fem]bf/L sfo{s|dsf] cg'udg, ahf/ ;+aGwL lalaw k|sfzg ug]{ sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ul/Psf lyP . o; sfo{s|daf^ 5 j^f yk df;' k;n ;'wf/, 4 *]/L pBf]u k|a${g tyf lgoldt ?kdf ahf/ ;"rgf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg ePsf lyP . laLeGg awzfnf :yfkgfsf] nflu ;+aGwLt gu/kfnLsfx?;+u ;xsfo{ eO/x]sf %g\ .

To:t}u/L cf=j= 066.67 o; sfo{s|d cGt/ut 12 k^s ahf/ ;"rgf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg, 5 j^f df;' k;n ;'wf/, 5 j^f *]/L k;n ;'wf/ ePsf] lyof] . kz'hGo kbfYf{sf] sf/f]af/df ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] ljj/)f tn lbOPsf] % . kz' xf^ ahf/ xfn;Dd clw/fHodf 66 j^f ;+ul&t kz' xf^ ahf/x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf %g\ . s]lx kz' xf^ ahf/x? Jojl:yt ePtfklg w]/} h;f] xf^ ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt /x]sf] % . gu/kflnsf, uf=la=;, ;xsf/L ;+:yf / lghL?kdf ;+rfngdf cfPsf %g\ eg] s'g} :s'naf^ ;d]t ;+rfngdf cfPsf %g\ . kz' xf^ ahf/x? t/fO{sf lhNnfdf s]lb|s[t /x]sf %g\ / hlt klZrd uof] plt kz'k+IfL ahf/ ;+Vof sd x'b} uPsf] % .;+rfngdf /x]sf k|d'v xf^ ahf/ cg';"lr 16 df lbOPsf] % . b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yf b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] u&g sfo{ ;g\ 1980 b]lv z'? ePs]f lyof] . o:tf ;+:yfx? b'Uw pTkfbg ;+sng / s]xL xb;Dd k|zf]wg sfo{df ;d]t ;+nUg x'g]s|d a(\bf] % . xfn clw/fHoe/ 1657 o:tf ;+:yfx? k'u]sf] b]lvG% . w'nf] b'w sf/vfgf b'Uw lasf; ;+:yfg cGt/ut df]/~ lhNnfsf] la/f^gu/df b]zsf] klxnf] w'nf] b'w sf/vfgfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . xfn pQm ;+:yfaf^ 500 d]=^g w"nf] b'w pTkfbg eO/x]sf] % . lrtjg w'nf] b'w sf/vfgf lghL If]qdf lrtjg lhNnfdf ;+rfngdf cfPsf] % . sRrf b'wsf] cefjdf o; ;+:yfn] s'n Ifdtfsf] 50 k|ltzt Ifdtf dfq k|of]u eO/x]sf] % . ;'hn *]/L k|f=nL n] sf:sL lhNnfsf] kf]v/f cf}Bf]lus If]qdf 25 s/f]*sf] nufgLdf 7 d]= ^g Ifdtfdf w'nf] b'w sf/vfgf :yfkgf u/L 2064 ;fnb]lv ;+rfngdf cfPsf] % . o; ;+:yfnfO{ klg k")f{ Ifdtf pkof]usf] nflu b}lgs 1 nfv ln^/ b'w sf] cfjZostf kb{% . lrh tyf cGo b'UwhGo kbfy{x?sf] pTkfbg l:ylt cf= j= 06566 pTkfbs ;+:yf b'Uw pTkfbg s]=lh ofs lrh s+rg lrh df]h/]Nnf lrh klg/b'Uw lasf; ;+:yfg 48617 124074 34046 90408lghL *]/L pBf]ux? 65500 285575 k|fKt x'g

g;s]sf] k|fKt x'g g;s]sf]

hDdf 113817 409649 34046 90408

kz' awzfnfaw:yndf;' k|zf]wgstf{x? dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] x]^ f}*f cf}wf]lus If]qdf ;g\ 1978 df ;+rflnt klxnf] awzfnf lalaw sf/)fn] ;+rfng x'g] / aGb x'g] s|ddf /Xof] . ssgL / yfgsf]^ awzfnf klg ;+rfngdf cfpg ;s]g . xfn g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf&df)*f} pkTosf leq 13 :yfgdf :yflgo lgsfosf] ;xof]udf ;xsf/L dfkm{t kz' awzfnfaw:yn :yfkgf tyf ;+rfngsf] nflu kxn u/]sf] % . To:t}u/L laleGg gu/kflnsfx? laz]ifu/L la/f^gu/, a'^ jn, ag]kf tyf u'nl/of;+u ;xsfo{df awzfnf lgdf{)fsf nflu sfo{ cl# a(]sf] % . df;' lgof{t ug]{ p$]Zon] lghL If]qaf^ klg o; If]qdf nufgL eO{ awzfnf ;+rfngdf cfPsf %g\ . 1= kz' awzfnf b'xaL, ;f+lu|nf km'* OG^/g]zgn k|f=ln 15 s/f]*sf] nufgLdf ;+rflnt o; ;+:yfaf^ k|lt lbg sl/a 100 /f+uf tyf e+};L aw ug]{ Ifdtf ePtfklg sRrf kbfy{sf] cefjdf lgoldt ?kdf df;' pTkfbg x'g ;s]sf] %}g . k|yd k^s sl/a 60 ^g km|f]hg ld^ leotgfd lgof{t u/]sf] lyof] .

2= kz' awzfnf g/l;+, ;'g;/L l;DofS; km'* OG^/g]zgn k|f=ln 25 s/f]*sf] nufgLdf lrlgof Joj;foLx?af^ ;+rflnt o; ;+:yfaf^ kl/If)f pTkfbg ;+rfngdf cfPsf] % . of] b]zdf ;+rflnt ePsf] cTofw'lgs awzfnf xf] / o; ;+:yfaf^ k|lt lbg sl/a 200 /f+uf tyf e+};L aw ug]{ Ifdtf /x]sf] % . cg';"lr 17 df df;' k|zf]wg ;+aGwL laa/)f lbOPsf] % .

%fnf pwf]u kz'hGo kbfy{sf] lgof{tdf %fnfsf] :yfg cu|)fL /x]sf] % . xfn b]zdf 12 ;+Ufl&t pBf]ux? %fnf k|zf]wg sfo{df ;+nUg %g\ . Narayani Leather Manufacturing Industry, Asian Leather industry h:tf %fnf pBf]ux?n] /f]huf/L tyf a}b]lzs d'b|f cfh{gdf ]^jf k-ofPsf %g\ .

;"rgfd"ns n]vx?M

Kof/]06 :6s rNnf cfoft l:ytL Ps emns

cg'udg tyf d"Nofg zfvf, k=;]=la=

Gf]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf kz'kfngsf] %'} dxTj /x]sf] % . kz' kfngsf laleGg lawfx? dWo] s'v'/fkfng klg Pp^F d'Vo Joj;fosf] ?kdf /x+b} cfPsf] % . cGo k|d'v lawfx?sf] t'ngfdf s'v'/fkfngdf s|dz Joj;foLs/)f x'b} cfPsf kfO{G% t/ xfn;Dd klg g]kfndf Joj;flos s'v'/fkfngsf] nflu cfjZos Kof/])^ :^ssf rNnfx? lab]zaf^ cfoft ug{'kg]{ l:ytL % . o;} ;Gbe{df cf=a= 206667 df laleGg b]zaf^ u/L 783180 Kof/])^ :^ssf rNnf cfotsf nfuL kz' ;]jf ;]jf laefuaf^ l;kmfl/z ePsf] lyof]. . oL rNnfx? dn]lzof, ci ]^lnof, Go"lhNof)*, hd{gL, O^fnL, lkmlnlkG;, >Ln+sf, ef/t, yfONof)* / km|fG;af^ cfoft ePsf] b]lvG% . cfoft ePsf rNnf dWo] sa 500 hftsf rNnfx? ;aeGbf a(L cfoft ePsf] b]lvG%

cf=j 06566 df 12 b]zaf^ cfoftsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePsf]df cf=j= 06667 df 10 b]zaf^ dfq cfoftsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePsf] b]lvG% . cf=j= 06667 df g]b/Nof)*, kf]Nof)*, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo, x+u]/L, r]s l/kAnLsaf^ cfotsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePg eg] O^fnL, yfONof)* / ef/taf^ yk b]zsf] ?kdf l;kmfl/; ePsf] lyof] .

cf=j 06566 df dn]lzofaf^ 29938 rNnf cfotsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePsf]df 06667 df

242036 rNnf cfotsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePsf] lyof] h'g 708=46 k|ltztn] a[l$ ePsf] b]lvG% . cfoftsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePsf] dWo] ;aeGbf a(L 30=90 k|ltzt dn]lZof cfoft cfPsf] lyof]

/ To;kl% Go"lhNof)*, lkmlnlkG:f, ci ]^

tflnsf g+ & b]z cg';f/ rNnf cfoftsf] nflu l;kmfl/; l:ytL cf=j= )^^^&

l;+=g b]z ;+Vof k|ltzt 1 dn]lzof 242036 30=90 2 Go'lhNof)* 155572 19=86 3 lkmlnlkG; 139424 17=80 4 ci ]^Ln+sf 24155 3=08 9 Eff/t 13627 1=74 10 hd{gL 8776 1=12 hDdf 783180 100

kz' ;]

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