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Department of Entomology
Cornell University
New York State Agric. Exp. Stn.
630 W. North Street
Geneva, NY
Department of Entomology
Cornell University
New York State Agric. Exp. Stn.
630 W. North Street
Geneva, NY
Cucumber Beetle Management Using Seed Treatments
Cucumber Beetle Management Using Seed Treatments
January 20, 2008
Brian A. NaultAssociate ProfessorBrian A. NaultAssociate Professor
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Spotted and Striped Cucumber BeetlesSpotted and Striped Cucumber Beetles
Identification
• Adults are 8-10 mm in length and 3-4 mm wide
• Spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata
• Striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum
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Striped cucumber beetle(Acalymma vittatum)
Striped cucumber beetle(Acalymma vittatum)
Lifecycle
• Overwinters as an adult in protected areas and becomes active in early spring
• Lays eggs at base of host plant; two generations per year
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April May June July Aug Sept Oct
April May June July Aug Sept Oct
Cucumber BeetlesCucumber Beetles
Adult Activity
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Types of Cucumber Beetle DamageTypes of Cucumber Beetle Damage
DefoliationDefoliation Pollination interferencePollination interference
Feeding scarsFeeding scars RindwormsRindworms
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Bacterial Wilt DiseaseBacterial Wilt Disease
Causal Organism - Erwinia tracheiphila, which is transmitted by cucumber beetle adults
Causal Organism - Erwinia tracheiphila, which is transmitted by cucumber beetle adults
C. Welty
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Cucumber Beetles - Bacterial Wilt Cucumber Beetles - Bacterial Wilt
• Worst damage caused by bacterial wilt, not beetle damage
• Diagnosed by cutting stem and looking for stringy sap
• No cure for controlling bacteria; must control vector
• Beetle may not be present during wilting
• Susceptibility of crop to wilt:
Melons > cucumbers > squash > watermelon
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ManagingCucumber
Beetles
PlantResistancePlantResistance
BehavioralControlBehavioralControl
*Cultural Control*Cultural Control Biological ControlBiological Control
General Approaches Taken to Manage Cucumber Beetles
General Approaches Taken to Manage Cucumber Beetles
*Chemical Control*Chemical Control
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Chemical Control Chemical Control
- Sampling activity with yellow sticky traps
- Established thresholds (direct counts on plants):
- 1 beetle / plant for melons, cucumbers, andyoung pumpkins
- 5 beetles / plant for watermelon,squash, and older pumpkins
• Foliar Sprays
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Chemical Control
• At-plant Treatments
- Apply in-furrow or via drip irrigation
- Drench transplants e.g., 4 ml (0.14 oz) of Admire diluted in water to treat a flat of 200 plants
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Chemical Control
• Seed Treatments
- thiamethoxam - Cruiser 5FS
- FarMore DI-400
- clothianidin + imidacloprid - Sepresto
(registration package submitted summer 2008)
cucumber pumpkin squash
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Collaborative Effort to Evaluate Seed Treatments
• Researchers New York – Alan Taylor, Brian Nault,
Robert Hadad & Charles Bornt
Ohio – Celeste Welty
Maryland - Jerry Brust
Virginia – Thomas Kuhar
Delaware – Joanne Whalen
• IR- 4 Project - Keith Dorschner
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Objective
• Evaluate neonicotinoid seed treatments for early-season cucumber beetle control in cucumber and pumpkin
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Treatments• Seed Treatments
- * Cruiser 5FS @ 0.75 mg ai/seed
- * Sepresto @ 1 mg ai/seed
- * Admire Pro @ 1 fl oz of Admire Pro mixed with 1 fl oz of water to treat 1 lb of seeds
• At-plant Treatments- Admire Pro @ 7 fl oz/acre- * Platinum @ 8 fl oz/acre
• Crops- cucumber (var. ‘Vlaspik’)- pumpkin (var. ‘Gladiator’)
* Not labeled in New York
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Approach
In the field: Visually record number ofdead beetles per 10 plants per plot each week for 5 weeks (NY)
In the lab: Sample foliage from field plots and conduct assays in laboratory to assess beetle mortality (NY, VA and DE)
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0 2 4 6
Control
Admire (ST)
Sepresto
Cruiser
Number of Dead Beetles/ 10 plants
Total Mean Number of Dead Beetles per 10 plants over 5-Week Period in the Cucumber Field – Eden, NY 2008
a
a
b
b
R. Hadad - 2008
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Petri Dish
• 10 beetles per dish (NY); 5 beetles per dish (VA & DE)
• 2-, 4- and 7-leaf stage (NY); 4-leaf stage (VA & DE)
• Record # dead at 72 hr (NY) and 96 hr (VA & DE)
Laboratory Assay
Stage of Plant Sampled
2-leaf 4-leaf 7-leaf
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Control
Admire Pro (IF)
Platinum (IF)
Admire (ST)
Sepresto
Cruiser
2-leaf (19 dap)
4-leaf (26 dap)
7-leaf (33 dap)
Beetle Mortality (%)
Mortality (after 72 hr) on Excised Pumpkin Leaves Collected from Field Plots – Geneva, NY 2008
a
b
b
b
c
ab
B. Nault - 2008
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Control
Admire Pro (IF)
Platinum (IF)
Admire (ST)
Sepresto
Cruiser
2-leaf (19 dap)
4-leaf (26 dap)
7-leaf (33 dap)
Beetle Mortality (%)
Mortality (after 72 hr) on Excised Pumpkin Leaves Collected from Field Plots – Geneva, NY 2008
a
c
b
b
c
c
B. Nault - 2008
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Control
Admire Pro (IF)
Platinum (IF)
Admire (ST)
Sepresto
Cruiser
2-leaf (19 dap)
4-leaf (26 dap)
7-leaf (33 dap)
Beetle Mortality (%)
Mortality (after 72 hr) on Excised Pumpkin Leaves Collected from Field Plots – Geneva, NY 2008
c
a
c
bc
bc
ab
B. Nault - 2008
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Control
Admire Pro (IF)
Platinum (IF)
Sepresto
Cruiser
4-leaf (20 dap)
Beetle Mortality (%)
Mortality (after 96 hr) on Excised Cucumber Leaves Collected from Field Plots – Painter, VA 2008
a
a
b
b
b
T. Kuhar - 2008
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Control
Admire Pro (IF)
Platinum (IF)
Sepresto
Cruiser
4-leaf (21 dap)
Beetle Mortality (%)
Mortality (after 96 hr) on Excised Cucumber Leaves Collected from Field Plots – Georgetown, DE 2008
a
a
a
a
b
J. Whalon - 2008
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Summary
• Cruiser and Sepresto seed treatments had similar or better activity against cucumber beetle than Admire and Platinum at-plant treatments
• Efficacy of Cruiser and Sepresto seed treatments did not extend beyond 4-leaf stage (20 to 26 days after planting)
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Benefits of Seed Treatments
• Saves time – just plant treated seed
• Less exposure to active ingredient (a.i.)
• Precise amount of a.i. applied to seed
• Often use considerably less a.i. per acre
• Less risk of killing non-target organisms
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Future Work
• Repeat study in 2009; more on-farm trials with extension educators
• Potentially assess efficacy of Cruiser 5FS/ Farmore DI 400 and Sepresto on other insect pests
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsCollaborators: Alan Taylor, Robert Hadad, Tom Kuhar, Joanne Whalon
Technical Assistance: Mary Lou Hessney (Entomology, NYSAES)
Grower: Laura Pedersen (Geneva, NY)
Funding: IR-4 Project Federal Formula Funds
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The End?The End?