i

SOCIAL MOBILITY REFLECTED IN ANTON CHEKHOV’STHE CHERRY

ORCHARD (1903): MARXIST APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor

Degree of Education in English Department

by:

PUSPA TRI HANDAYANI

A320130095

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2017

ii

APPROVAL

SOCIAL MOBILITY REFLECTED IN ANTON CHEKHOV’STHE CHERRY

ORCHADR (1903): MARXIST APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

by:

Puspa Tri Handayani

A320130095

Approved to be examined by Consultant

Consultant

Dr. Muhammad Thoyibi, M.S

NIK. 410

iii

ACCEPTANCE

SOCIAL MOBILITY REFLECTED IN ANTON CHEKHOV’STHE CHERRY

ORCHARD (1903): MARXIST APPROACH

by:

PUSPA TRI HANDAYANI

A320130095

Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner

School of Teacher Training and Education

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

On July, 2017

Team of Examiner:

1. Dr. Muhammad Thoyibi, M.S (__________________)

(Chair Person)

2. Dr. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed (__________________)

(Secretary)

3. Titis Setyabudi, SS., M.A (__________________)

(Member)

Dean,

Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum

NIP. 196504281993031001

iv

PRONOUNCEMENT

I, undersign below:

Name : PUSPA TRI HANDAYANI

NIM : A320130095

Study Program : English Department

Title : SOCIAL MOBILITY REFLECTED IN AINTON

CHEKHOV’STHE CHERRY ORCHARD (1903):

MARXIST APPROACH

I truthfully testify that there is no plagiarism of literary work in this research

paper and this research paper I submitted is really work of mine, except the

written references which are mentioned in bibliography. Later, if it is proved

that there is plagiarism in this research paper, I will be fully responsible.

Surakarta, July 2017

The Researcher,

Puspa Tri Handayani

A320130095

v

MOTTOS

For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease,

Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.

(Al- Insyiraah: 5-6)

Allah is sufficient for us

(Al-Qur’an 3:173)

vi

DEDICATION

This literary work is dedicated to:

My beloved dad and mom

also to my beloved brother and sister

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb

Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All blessings belong to Allah SWT for His

mercy given to the researcher, so she could complete her research paper entitled

“ SOCIAL MOBILITY REFLECTED IN ANTON CHEKHOV’STHE

CHERRY ORCHARD (1903): MARXIST APPROACH”. In conducting this

research the researcher got somany aids from many people. The researcher would

like to express his deepestgratitude and appreciation to the people in the following

list:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School Teacher

Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department of English

Education,Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Dr. Muhammad Thoyibi, M.S., the consultant who has supported and

encouraged theresearcher to conduct this research by giving his great advice

andsuggestions, so the researcher can broaden his knowledge about literature.

4. All lecturers of Department of English Education who have become such

great educators and for giving uncountable knowledge to the researcher.

5. The researcher’s beloved mother (Siti Muyasaroh), father (Ir. Winarto),

sisters and brothers for their eternal loveand support. The researcher is

completely nothing without them.

6. The researcher’s best friends, Sari, Tasa, Sila, mbHusnul, Melati and Lili,

Epin, Farida who always give their support to theresearcher.

7. The researcher’s sisters in boarding house in WismaKhodijahwho always

give their best advice and support to the researcher everyday.

8. The researcher’s best friends “Jojoba Oil”, Ambar,Eka, Febrian, Melati,

andMila, who always give their best support to the researcher from the

firstyear.

9. The researcher’s friends “The Youngster” who give many memories and

experiences.

viii

10. All of DEE friends, who have been cheered up the researcher during her

hardtimes in completing this research.

Last but not the least; the researcher realizes that this research paper is not

perfect. Then, the suggestion and supportive criticism are hoped to make this

research paper to be much better.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb

Surakarta, July 2017

The researcher

Puspa Tri Handayani

ix

ABSTRACT

This study is about social mobility in Anton Chekhov's drama entitled The

Cherry Orchard which is analyzed by using Marxist perspective. There are several

problem statements; to find out the indicators of social mobility; to know how Anton

Chekhov describes social mobility in his drama, and to find out the reasons why

Anton Chekhov addressed social mobility in his drama. This research belongs to the

qualitative descriptive research. The primary data was from The Cherry Orchard

drama script by Anton Chekhov. Secondary data of this research were taken from

books, journals, internet and other sources related to this research. The results of this

study such as: there were three social mobility indicators and five social classes;

social mobility of this drama is illustrated by character, place, event and diction; the

reason Anton Chekhov insert social mobility was in order to give responds to the

social economic conditions at the time.

Keywords: social mobility, Anton Chekhov, Marxist perspective

x

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini tentang social mobilitas yang terdapat didalam drama Anton

Chekhov yang berjudul The Cherry Orchard yangmenggunakan perspektif

Marxist.Tujuan dari penelitian ini terbagi dalam beberapa rumusan masalah

diantaranya mengetahui indicator dari mobilitas social; bagaimana Anton Chekhov

menggambarkan mobilitas social dalam dramanya; dan mengetahui alasan Anton

Chekhov memasukkan mobilitas social dalam dramanya. Penelitian ini merupakan

penilitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data primer dari penelitian ini adalah skrip drama The

Cherry Orchard karya Anton Chekhov. Data sekunder penelitian ini berasal dari

buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal, internet dan sumber lain berkaitan dengan penelitian ini.

Hasil dari penelitian antara lain: terdapat tiga indikato rmobilitas social dan lima

kelas social; mobilitas social dalam drama ini digambarkan melalui karakter, tempat,

kejadian dan diksi; alasan Anton Chekhov memasukkan mobilitas social yaitu untuk

merespon kondisi ekonomi social pada saat itu.

Kata Kunci: mobilitas social, Anton Chekhov, perspektif Marxist

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover ....................................................................................................................... i

Approval .................................................................................................................. ii

Acceptance ............................................................................................................. iii

Pronouncement ....................................................................................................... iv

Motto ...................................................................................................................... v

Dedication .............................................................................................................. vi

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................. vii

Abstract .................................................................................................................. ix

Abstrak .................................................................................................................... x

Table of contents .................................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1

B. Limitation of the Study ............................................................................. 3

C. Problem Statements .................................................................................. 4

D. Objective of the Study .............................................................................. 4

E. Significance of the Study .......................................................................... 4

F. Paper Organization.................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Underlying Theory ...................................................................................... 6

1. Marxist Theory ...................................................................................... 6

2. Social Mobility ...................................................................................... 7

3. Social Stratification ............................................................................... 9

4. Type of Social Mobility ........................................................................ 10

B. Previous Study .......................................................................................... 11

C. Novelty ...................................................................................................... 12

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD

A. Type of the Study ...................................................................................... 14

xii

B. Object of the Study ................................................................................... 14

C. Type of the Data and the Data Source ...................................................... 14

1. Primary Data Source ............................................................................. 14

2. Secondary Data Source ......................................................................... 15

D. Technique of the Data Collection ............................................................. 15

E. Technique of Analysing Data ................................................................... 15

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. Indicators of Social Mobility .................................................................... 17

1. Occupational......................................................................................... 17

a. Estate Owner ............................................................................ 17

b. Landowner ................................................................................ 18

c. Merchant................................................................................... 18

d. Footman .................................................................................... 19

e. Clerk ......................................................................................... 19

f. Maid ......................................................................................... 20

g. Governess ................................................................................. 20

h. Tutor ........................................................................................ 21

2. Authority .............................................................................................. 21

a. Order ........................................................................................ 21

b. Selling ...................................................................................... 22

c. Lend Money ............................................................................. 22

3. Property ............................................................................................... 23

a. Estate ....................................................................................... 23

b. Land ......................................................................................... 24

c. Shop ......................................................................................... 25

B. Depiction of Social Mobility .................................................................... 24

1. Character ............................................................................................. 25

a. Hard Worker Character ............................................................ 25

b. An extravagant Character ........................................................ 27

2. Setting .................................................................................................. 30

xiii

a. Rural Areas ............................................................................... 30

b. Urban Areas ............................................................................. 30

3. Events .................................................................................................. 31

a. Being in Debt ........................................................................... 31

b. Suggetion for Building Villas .................................................. 31

c. Borrowing Money ................................................................... 33

d. Winning the Auction ................................................................ 34

e. Preparing to Build the Villas .................................................... 35

4. Diction ................................................................................................. 36

a. Debt ......................................................................................... 36

b. Interest ...................................................................................... 36

c. Loan .......................................................................................... 37

d. Mortgage .................................................................................. 37

e. Lend ......................................................................................... 38

f. Transfer .................................................................................... 38

g. Sell ............................................................................................ 39

h. Pay ............................................................................................ 39

i. Buy ........................................................................................... 39

j. Sale ........................................................................................... 40

k. Bid ............................................................................................ 40

l. Owe ......................................................................................... 41

C. Reason of Addressing Social Mobility ..................................................... 41

D. Discussion ................................................................................................ 43

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 49

B. Suggestion ................................................................................................ 50

C. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................................... 50

Bibliography

Appendix