AmirRoth,Ph.D.amir.roth@ee.doe.gov

http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-modeling/http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/listings/end-use-breakdown-building-energy-modeling-blog/

DOEBEMR&DRoadmap:Lessons,Feedback&PlansIBPSA-MDMeeting—May31,2016

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WhoAmI

TechnologymanagerinDOEBuildingTechnologiesOffice• Responsible forBEMportfolio:EnergyPlus,OpenStudio,Radiance, etc.• Havebeendoingthisforalmostsixyears…can“talkthetalk”!• Notamodeler ormechanical engineer bytraining...can“crawlthewalk”

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RoadmapProcessOverview

CommissionedbyBTOEmergingTechnologiesinMar.2015• Requiredofalltechnologies• Toughforsoftware(IMO)—fastmoving,diverseuses&stakeholders

DevelopedbyNavigantConsulting• With input&“oversight”fromDOE(myfirstroadmap—does itshow!)

Twoday-longworkshops(DC&Seattle)inJun.2015• ~35people: labs,vendors,practitioners, educators,researchers,organizations• ~20phoneinterviews

DraftreleasedFeb.2016• http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/02/f29/DOE-BTO-BEM-Roadmap-DRAFT-2-1-2016_0.pdf• Six-weekcommentperiod:>400comments!• Currentlyworkingtoaddress&revise—second draftexpectedJul.2016(?)

Lessons• Morepractitioners!

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RoadmapStructuralOverview

Background➔Stateofthemarket➔Gaps&barriers➔ Initiatives• “General”sectionswithDOE(EnergyPlus/OpenStudio) subsections

Lessons• AppropriatetofocusonEnergyPlus/OpenStudio?• Don’tcomparetoolstoEnergyPlus/OpenStudio oroneanother!• Don’tforgetlighting (Radiance)&façade(THERM)analyses,someothers• Avoidnumbers&stats(methodology isdifficult todefend)

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RoadmapContentOverview

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Init#1.MakingTheBEMBusinessCase

CurrentvalueofBEMis“performancedocumentation”(codes&labels)• Managers investbecause: i)theyhaveto,ii)marketrewards,iii)cheap“one-shot” BEM• These tasksarenot“creative”or“fun”,don’tdrawprofessionals orinnovators

Long-termvalueisindesign&operations• These tasksare“creative”and“fun”• Butmanagersdon’tinvest inthem,whynot?

Lackofpredictiveaccuracy➔notatechnicalbarrier,butaperceivedone

Inconsistencyacrossmodelers,lackofstandards&QA➔ hardtoassessquality

Unproductive,labor-intensiveworkflows➔don’tgetalotfor$$$

Unclearbenefitovernormativecalculations(80/20rule)➔ isthisthe“bigone”?

WhatcanDOEdotoaddresstheseconcerns?

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Init#1.TheBEM-for-DesignBusinessCase

Alreadygreat➔ 1-4monthsimplepayback➔willimprovewithworkflows!• http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling• Need: i)transparent,convincingbaselines &attribution, ii)moredata,iii)publicity

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Init#1:TheBEM-for-OperationsBusinessCase

DoesanyonemakemoneyusingBEMtooperatebuildings?Yes,QCoefficient!• EnergyPlus-drivenpredictivecontrol(dynamicallyadjustszoneset-points)• Leveragesbuildingthermalmasstoshiftdemandawayfrompeaks

Casestudy:WillisTower,Chicago,IL(13of108floors—20%ofoccupiedspace)• ReducedaytimeHVACby1530MWh forpre-occupancychargeof650MWh• Reducedchiller use&starts

Disclaimer:onlyforbuildingswithbigchillers,i.e.,500,000+sf• Whatisneeded tomakeBEM-for-operations safeforsmallerbuildings?• Whatisneeded tosupportotheroperational uses,e.g.,CCx/FDD?

http://qcoefficient.com/

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Init#2:SupportOperationalUseCases

BEMenginesalreadysupport“control”➔whatelseisneeded?• Mostengines supportpre-defined controlschemes…ina“bulk”timestep way

Needtomodelcontrolthewayitisactuallyimplemented,i.e.,instantaneous• Otherwiserealworldeffects like jitter/oscillation areignoredincontroldesign

Needtomodelexternally-definedcontrolthatcanbeautomatically“optimized”

Helpfulifmodeledcontrolandexecutedcontrolarethesamecontrolprogram• Simplifies&eliminates errorsincontrolimplementation

HelpfulifsimulatedcontrolcaninterfacewithBMS,e.g.,BACnet,Modbus• Facilitates simulation-based testing ofbothvirtual&physicalcontrollers

HelpfulifcapabilitiesareaccessibleviaOpenStudioSDK,Measures,etc.• Apologies fortheforwardpointer,thesewillbediscussed shortly

EnergyPlusEMSdoesn’treallyqualifyonanycount

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Init#2:Spawn-of-EnergyPlus(SOEP)

Next-generationEnergyPlusthatsupportsoperationalusecases• Refactorintomodules thatsupportmodel-exchange viaFMIstandard(FY16&17)• Re-implement ofHVAC&controls inModelica(ongoingviaAnnex60&IBPSA-World)• Anticipated benefit: speed! Discrete-time simulation➔ discrete-event simulation• Anticipated benefit: (proprietary)3rd-partycomponent/systemmodels• Will initially beavailableasOpenStudioalternative engine,notasdrop-inforEnergyPlus

OpenStudio&Applications

Lighting(C++)

Envelope(C++)

Airflow(C++)

HVAC(C++)

Controls(C++)

IDF

ExternalSolver

Lighting(C++)

Envelope(C++)

Airflow(C++)

HVAC(Modelica)

Controls(Modelica)

OpenStudio&Applications

Controlmodelsrunonphysicalcontrollers(e.g.,Tridium)

IDF

HVAC &controlmodelsfrompublic ormanufacturer libraries

DRAFT working paper. – Do not distribute.

-

cooling tower

chillereconomizer

room

pump

control valve

fan

cooling coil

Tws Twr

Tcs Tset

Twc

(a) Schematic diagram.

chiP

T_CHWSon

val6

TCHWEntChi

TCWLeaTow

T

(b) Modelica system model.

Figure 25: Schematic diagramof the chilled water plant modelwith water side economizer.

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FMU FMU FMU FMU FMU

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Init#3:ImproveBEMProductivity

Forusers• Automatetedious, compulsorytasks:codecompliance, LEED,dealingwithEnergyPlus• Facilitate&supportcreative,high-valuetasks:design, optimization

Fordevelopers• Automatetedious, compulsorytasks:codecompliance, LEED,dealingwithEnergyPlus• Facilitate&supportcreative,high-valuetasks:delivering integratedworkflows

DOEvaluesthisgoal➔OpenStudioisallaboutthis• Nottheapplication➔ theSDK,Server,CLI&Measures (90%+ofbudget)

https://github.com/NREL/

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Init#3:OpenStudioSDK

EnergyPlusisuser/developerantagonistic• Non-standardfile interface,changestoofrequently&backward-compatibility isclunky

OpenStudioSDKdesignedtoaddressthisproblem• APIinterface, doesn’tchange(often)&handlescompatibility internally• Samemodel alsodrivesRadiance,CONTAM,ESP-r&CEN/ISO13790

Notaperfectsolutionyet• Doesn’tsupportallofEnergyPlus(e.g.,EMS)althoughgettingalotbetter• Doesn’treadIDFHVAC➔mostlyuseful forinteractingwithpureEnergyPlus-based tools• Butgoodenoughformanyapps

OpenStudioCLI:lean,mean,zero-dependenceworkflowmachine• Stillskunk-works,willbeavailable soon• Shouldbringaboardadditional apps

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Init#3:OpenStudioMeasures

ThemostsignificantdevelopmentinBEMinlastfiveyears• Modeltransformations,reporting&QA,workflowautomation• https://bcl.nrel.gov/node/39783

• https://bcl.nrel.gov/node/82918

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Init#3:OpenStudioStandards

ThelatestkillerMeasureset?OpenStudioStandards• CreateOSMsofcommercial prototypebuildings (anyclimate-zone orvintage)…• OrapplyAppendixGbaseline transform➔ samecodedoesboth!• AsmallstepfromautomatingLEEDEAc1• Canada/India usingthisprocesstoautomateNECB/ECBC• CaliforniaTitle24comingsometime nextyear• https://github.com/NREL/openstudio-standards• Someothergoodies inthere

“Performancedocumentation”(codes&labels)• These tasksarenot“creative”or“fun”

You’reverywelcome!

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Init#3:Large-ScaleSimulation

Example:selectEUI,Cost,orLEEDpoints➔ ECMpackages

Manyapplications:deemedsavings,designoptimization&calibration• Cloudmakesthispractical:~$0.01/EnergyPlusrun&asmanyasyouwantinparallel

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Init#3:OpenStudioServer&AnalysisSpreadsheet

What’sagoodwaytogeneratealarge&coherentsetofmodels?Measures!• https://github.com/NREL/OpenStudio-server• https://github.com/NREL/OpenStudio-analysis-spreadsheet

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Init#3:WhatAboutBIM?

IloveBIM!HowshouldenergymodelsconnecttoBIM?

<soapbox>

ShouldenergymodelssupportBIMnatively?No• BIM-gradephysicswouldbecomplicated, slow&mostlyunnecessary

WhereshouldBIM-to-BEMtranslationlive?InBIMauthoringtool• BIM-to-BEMtranslation oftenrequiresBIMfix-up&interpretationofdesign intent• OnlyBIMauthoringtool–which interactswithmodel author—is inposition todothis• AlignswithtrendtohavebackgroundBEM“asyoudesign”

WhatdoesthismeanforOpenStudioMeasuresandBEM-leveltransforms?• BIMmayadoptMeasuretechnology (e.g.,GrassHopper/Dynamo++ ++++)

</soapbox>

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Init#4:ContinuouslyAssessUser/IndustryNeeds

LaunchedEnergyPlus&OpenStudioUserVoice feedbacksitesAug.2015• http://energyplus.uservoice.com/ &http://openstudio.uservoice.com/• Accessible fromhttp://energyplus.net/ &http://openstudio.net/ Feedbacktabs• http://energyplus.net/ single sign-on• Getyourfeedback inbeforetheEnergyPlusdevelopment teammeeting Jun.25

Anythingelsewecando?

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Init#5:SupportEducation

ASHRAE/IBPSAtravelgrantsforstudents&youngprofessionals• ApplynowforSimBuild 2016@SLC• http://www.ibpsa.us/news/win-1000-scholarship-funds-attend-simbuild-2016-salt-lake-city

ASHRAE/IBPSALow-DownShowdown:low-energydesigncompetition• Seconditeration (Jan.2017)will focusonexisting buildings• Twotracks:professional&student• Lookforannouncement &schedule inafewweeks

University-ledBUILDFOA(https://eere-exchange.energy.gov/)• Couldbemanaged&scopedbetter

Free/open-sourcesoftware

WhatelsecanDOEdo?No,really…

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Init#5:SupportTraining

DOEModelis“train-the-trainers”• Cost-ineffective andanti-competitive tosubsidize lab/contractortraining• https://energyplus.net/support• http://nrel.github.io/OpenStudio-user-documentation/help/training/• Goalistohave1+certified trainingorganizationineverypartofthecountry

DCEnergyPlus/OpenStudiotraining:Jul.25-27,CatholicUniversity

http://unmethours.com/• Peer-to-peerQ&A• EnergyPlus&OpenStudioteams areactive

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LookingBack&Forward

Alothashappenedinlastyear• Autodeskreleases EnergyPlus-based Insight360forRevitandFormIt• Sefaira-cum-Trimble releases EnergyPlus-based SefairaArchitecture• Tranereleases betaofEnergyPlus-based TRACE(mostfrequentlyusedBEMtool)• RESNETvotestoadoptsingleEnergyPlus-based implementation ofHERSrating• CanadaandIndiabasingnewwhole-building codesonEnergyPlus/OpenStudio• Fourutilities (OET,Austin,CPS,Duke)usingEnergyPlus/OpenStudio inincentive programs

Anticipatesimilarprogressincomingyear!

Moreinformation• Website: http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-modeling/• Blog:…/end-use-breakdown-building-energy-modeling-blog• MYPP:http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/multi-year-program-plan• Email:amir.roth@ee.doe.gov

Thanks!