DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING … · References 1. Prabha Kundur., Power...

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Scheme of Teaching and Examination

M.Tech in Power & Energy Systems (For the academic year 2013–14)

I Semester

Sl. No

Subject Code

Subjects Name c Hours/Week Examination Marks

L T P CIE SEE Total

1 PPE113C Power System Dynamics 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

2 PPE114C Wind Energy Conversion Systems 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

3 PPE115C Probability and Statistics 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

4 PPEXXXE Elective – I 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

5 PPEXXXE Elective – II 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

6 PPEXXXE Elective – III 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

7 PPE114L Laboratory – I 2 -- -- 4 50 50 100

26 24 -- 4 350 350 700

Elective – I (04 Credits) PPE001E - Reactive Power Management PPE003E - Power System SCADA PPE019E - Computer Control of Energy Systems Elective – II (04 Credits) PPE004E - Electric Power quality PPE006E - Advanced Power Electronics PPE014E - Foundation for Energy Engineering – I Elective – III (04 Credits) PPE008E - Advanced Electric Drives PPE010E - Power System Instrumentation PPE029E - Soft Computing

Legend for Scheme L Lecturer T Tutorial P Practical c Credits

Legend in Subject code C Core E Elective S Seminar I Industrial Visit




II Semester

Sl. No

Subject Code


L T P CIE SEE Total

1 PPE217C Solar Energy Conversion Systems 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

2 PPE218C Flexible AC Transmission System 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

3 PPE219C HVDC Transmission Systems 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

4 PPEXXXE Elective – IV 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

5 PPEXXXE Elective – V 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

6 PPEXXXE Elective – VI 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

7 PPE214L Laboratory – II 2 -- -- 4 50 50 100

26 24 -- 4 350 350 700

Elective – IV (04 Credits) PPE016E-Suggested Topics in Energy Conversion Systems PPE025E- Linear Algebra PPE028E- EHV Transmission Systems Elective – V (04 Credits) PPE002E- AI Applications in Power Systems PPE012E- Power System Reliability Engineering PPE015E- Foundation for Energy Engineering – II Elective – VI (04 Credits) PPE017E- Environmental Impacts of Energy Conversion Systems PPE024E- System Simulation and Modeling PPE026E- Energy Management Systems and Planning






III Semester

Sl. No

Subject Code


L T P CIE SEE Total

1 PPEXXXE Elective – VII 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

2 PPE311I Industrial Training* 4 4 -- -- 50 50 100

3 PPE312P Project Work Phase – I 16 -- -- -- 50 50 100

Total 24 08 -- -- 150 150 300

Elective – VII (04 Credits) PPE018E- Energy Conservation in Industrial Systems PPE120E- Power and Energy System Planning PPE027E- Power System Deregulation

IV Semester

Sl. No

Subject Code


L T P CIE SEE Total

1 PPE411P Project Work Phase – II 24 -- -- -- 50 50 100

Total 24 -- -- -- 50 50 100



* Training in any one of the reputed industry/ research institute is to be taken up. The training program has to be taken up during the vacation between 2nd and 3rd semester. The duration of the training program should be for period of 8 weeks. A report on the training is to be submitted. The supervisor/ guide from industry will allot 50 marks of the CIE, where the student undergoes training. The internal guide/ PG coordinator will allot 50 marks of SEE.

** Phase-I of the project is part of the final M.Tech project. Students have to take up literature survey, formulate

the problem of the project, define the project objectives and prepare the project implementation schedule. A certified report and a seminar is to be presented by the students. Evaluation of the project phase-I is to be conducted by internal examiners, who will be the guide, PG coordinator/ Subject expert (from within the dept or outside the dept or industry) and HoD. Guide will allot CIE for 50 marks and the SEE 50 marks will be allotted by guide after the seminar in consultation with PG coordinator/ Subject expert (from within the dept or outside the dept or industry) and HoD. The seminar should highlight – Broad project area, literature survey, problem definition, project objectives and implementation schedule of the project.

Project work, based on the problem defined in 3rd semester should be continued and implemented in 4th

semester. The implementation of the project work can be done either in a reputed industry/ research organization/ parent institute. Project monitoring committee (consisting of project guide (s), PG coordinator and HoD) can be setup to monitor the progress of each project. The committee will meet two times after commencement of the project semester (IV) to review the project (first: in the middle of semester and second: after completion of the project, i.e before thesis write up). A certified report on the project work should be submitted to the department. Students should present a seminar on the project, which will be followed by a project evaluation and viva voce examination. CIE of 50 marks to be allotted by the guide based on regular monitoring of the progress of the project (in consultation with the committee). The SEE shall be based on the thesis evaluation (both guide and external examiner) and viva voce conducted by external examiner and guide (internal examiner).

Detailed Syllabus – Core Subjects

Semester-I

.

Power System Dynamics Subject Code: PPE113C SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I

Introduction: Basic concepts and classification of power system stability Synchronous Machine theory and modeling: Mathematical description of synchronous machine, dq0 transformation, Per unit representation, Equivalent circuit for direct and quadrature axis.

[08 hrs] Steady state analysis, Electrical transient performance characteristics, Magnetic saturation, Representation of saturation in stability studies [05 hrs]

Unit-II

Excitation Systems: Elements and requirements of excitation systems, Types of excitation systems, Dynamic performance measures, Control and protective functions, Mathematical modeling of separately excited and self excited DC excitation systems. [07 hrs] Power system loads and Prime mover models: Basic load modeling concepts, Issues in load modeling, Mathematical modeling of induction motor, Acquisition of load-model parameters, Configurations of steam, hydro turbines and speed governing systems. [06 hrs]

Unit-III

Small Signal Stability: Concepts of stability in dynamic systems, Synchronizing power coefficient, state space representation, linearization, Eigen properties, SMIB system small signal stability analysis, Effect of excitation, PSS and damper windings. [08 hrs] Voltage Stability: Voltage collapse, Voltage stability analysis, Prevention of voltage collapse, Midterm and long term stability. [05 hrs]

Unit-IV

Transient Stability Analysis: Introduction, Mechanics of rotatory motion, Swing equation, Power angle equation for non salient pole machine and for a salient pole machine, Equal area criterion-Applications, Transient stability enhancement techniques, multi-machine transient stability analysis. [09 hrs] Numerical solutions for swing equation: Modified Eulers method, Runge Kutta method, Step by Step method, Milnes prediction method [04 hrs]

References

1. Prabha Kundur., Power System Stability and Control, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, NY, 2006.

2. Padiyar K.R., Power System Dynamics, 2nd edition, BS Publishers, 2008.

3. K. Uma Rao, Computer Techniques and Models in Power Systems, 1st edition, I. K. International, 2007.

4. Marija Ilic; John Zaborszky, Dynamics and Control of Large Electric Power Systems, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2000.

5. Paul M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, 2nd edition, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003.

6. Padiyar K.R., Power System Dynamics, Stability and Control, 2nd edition, BS publications, 2006.

Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Subject Code: PPE114C SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I Introduction: Nature of wind, historical uses of wind, history of wind electric generation, working principle of wind turbines (lift and drag mechanism), components of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines, classification, applications, advantages and disadvantages [05 hrs] Wind Data Analysis: Wind velocity – measurement and representation, wind speed statistics, probability distribution functions – Weibull and Raleigh. [08 hrs]

Unit-II Performance of Wind Turbine Generators: Basics of fluid mechanics (simple terms & definitions), elementary fluid flow concepts, power in the wind, maximum power output of wind turbine (Betz limit), axial force and thrust on blades, torque developed by turbine, dynamic matching for maximum power extraction - tip speed ratio & blade pitch angle, power vs wind speed characteristics, electrical power output from wind energy conversion system, capacity factor, energy production. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Electric Generators for WECS: Classification, basic working principle, advantages and disadvantages. [02 hrs] Grid-connected and Self-excited Induction Generator Operation: Constant-voltage, constant-frequency generation, reactive power compensation, variable-voltage, variable-frequency generation, effect of wind generator on the network. [11 Hrs]

Unit-IV Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS): Stand-alone and grid connected wind farms, simulation model of WECS. [04 hrs] Site matching of wind turbine generators. [03 hrs] Economics of wind systems: Reliability consideration, estimation of O&M costs, capital costs, cost of energy, estimation of payback period. [06 hrs]

References

1. Gary L. Johnson, Wind Energy Systems, Prentice hall Publication.

2. Bhadra, S. N., Kashta, D., and Bannerjee, S., Wind Electrical Systems, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2009.

3. G. D. Rai, Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers New Delhi, 2007.

4. B. H. Khan, Non-Conventional Energy Resources, 2nd edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, 2009 .

5. D. Mukhaerjee and S. Chakrabarti, Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems, New Age International Publishers New Delhi, 2007.

Probability and Statistics Subject Code: PPE115C SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I Introduction: Types of systems, qualitative and quantitative assessment, reliability definitions and concepts, reliability indices and criteria, reliability and availability, absolute and relative reliability, reliability evaluation techniques, reliability improvements, reliability activities in system design, reliability economics. [05 hrs] Basic Probability Theory: Probability concepts, Permutations and combinations, Practical engineering concepts, Venn diagrams, Rules for combining probability, Probability distributions. [05 hrs] Applications of Binomial Distribution: Binomial distribution concepts, Properties of the binomial distribution, engineering applications. [03 hrs]

Unit-II Network Modelling and Evaluation of Simple Systems: Network modelling concepts, Series systems, Parallel systems, series-parallel systems, partially redundant systems. [03 Hrs] Network Modelling and Evaluation of Complex Systems: Modelling and evaluation concepts, Conditional probability approach, Cut set method, Application and comparison of previous techniques, Tie set method, Connection matrix technique, Event trees, Fault trees, Multi failure modes. [10 Hrs]

Unit-III Probability Distribution in Reliability Evaluation: Distribution concepts, Terminology of distribution, General reliability functions, Evaluation of the reliability functions, Shape of reliability functions, The poisson distribution, Normal distribution, Exponential distribution , weibull. Data analysis: Concepts, frequency distributions, goodness-of-fit tests, probability plotting. [13 Hrs]

Unit-IV System Reliability Evaluation using Probability Distribution: Introduction, Series systems, Parallel systems, partially redundant systems, Mean time to failure. Standby systems: General concepts, perfect switching, imperfect switching, effect of spare components, Non identical components, failures in the standby mode. Wear out and component reliability, Maintenance and component reliability. [13 Hrs]

References

1. Billinton and Allan, Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems, 2nd edition, Springer (India) Private Limited, 2008.

2. Meyer, Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, 2nd edition, Addison Wesley Publishing Company.

3. Irwin Miller, John E. Freund, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall International Publication, 2006.

Detailed Syllabus – Core Subjects Semester-II

Solar Energy Conversion Systems


Unit-I Fundamentals of Semiconductors: Semiconductors as solar cell material, arrangements of atoms in space, arrangement of electrons in atom, formation of energy bands. [05 hrs] Charge carriers and their motion in semiconductor: Charge carriers in semiconductors, carrier concentration and distribution, carrier motion in semiconductors, electric field and energy band bending, generation of carriers, recombination of carriers, continuity of carrier concentration. [08 Hrs]

Unit-II Introduction to Solar Cells – P-N Junction Diode: Why P-N junction diode? Introduction to P-N junction diode – Equilibrium and non-equilibrium condition, Solar Cell – P-N Junction under illumination. [05 Hrs] Design of Solar Cells: Upper limits of cell parameters, losses in solar cells, solar cell design, design for high Isc, Voc and Fill Factor, analytical techniques. [08 hrs]

Unit-III Solar Photovoltaic Systems (SPVS): SPV modules from solar cells, mismatch in series & parallel connection, design and structure of PV modules, power output of PV module. [05 hrs] Balance of SPVS: Basics of electrochemical cell, Factors affecting battery performance, batteries of PV systems, DC to DC converters, charge controllers, DC to AC converters (inverters), maximum power point tracking (algorithm for MPPT). [08 hrs]

Unit-IV SPVS Design and Applications: Introduction to SPVS, standalone SPVS configurations, design methodology of SPVS, wire sizing in SPVS, hybrid SPVS, grid connected SPVS, simple payback period, life cycle costing. [13 hrs]

References

1. Chetan Singh Solanki, Solar Photovoltaics – Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.

2. Chenming Hu Richard M. White Solar Cells (From Basics to Advanced system) McGraw hills publication.

3. MS Imamuaa and P. Helm Photovoltaic System Technology A European Hand book.

Flexible AC Transmission Systems Subject Code: PPE218C SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I

Review of AC transmission lines: Electrical characteristics, performance equations, natural or

surge impedance loading, equivalent circuit of a transmission line, performance requirements

of power transmission lines, voltage and current profile under no load. [07 hrs]

Power transfer and stability considerations, Principles of transmission system compensation -

series and shunt, Compensation by line sectioning, Concept of flexible AC transmission, FACTS-

Benefits, Types and Brief descriptions. [06 hrs]

Unit-II

Static Shunt Compensators: Objective of shunt compensation, Methods of controllable VAR Generation. SVC and STATCOM: Operating principle, Regulation slope, Transfer function and Dynamic performance, Transient stability enhanced and power oscillation damping, VAR Reserve Control. [09 hrs] Comparison between STATCOM and SVC: V-I and V-Q Characteristics, Transient Stability,

Response Time, Capability to Exchange real power, operating with unbalanced AC system,

Physical size and Installation, Merit of hybrid compensator, Static Var Systems. [04 hrs]

Unit-III

Static Series Compensators GCSC, TSSC, TCSC: Objectives of series compensation, Voltage stability, Improvement of transient stability, power oscillation damping, sub synchronous oscillation damping, approaches to controlled series compensation. [04 hrs] Variable Impedance Type series compensators: GTO Thyristor- controlled series capacitor

(GCSC), Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC),

Thyristor- Controlled Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators (TCVRs and TCPARs).

[09 hrs]

Unit-IV

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) – Introduction to DVR, overview of voltage sag and swells.

[04 hrs]

Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC): Basic operating principle, control capabilities,

implementation, comparison to series compensators and Phase Angle Regulators, Control

structure, Dynamic performance. Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC): operating Principle,

control structure and Applications. [09 hrs]

References

1. Narain G. Hingorani and Lazlo Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2000.

2. Prabha Kundur, Power System Stability and Control Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi, 2006.

3. R. Mohan Mathur, Static Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2008.

4. R. Mohan Mathur, Rajiv K Varma, Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2008.

HVDC Transmission Systems


Unit-I Introduction: General aspects of DC transmission and comparison of it with Ac transmission: Historical sketch, constitution of EHV AC and DC links, Limitations and Advantages of AC and DC Transmission, Principle Application of DC Transmission. Converter circuits: Valve Characteristics, Properties of converter circuits, assumptions, single phase, three phase converters, choice of best circuits for HV DC circuits. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Analysis of Bridge Converter: Analysis with Grid control but no Overlap, Analysis with Grid Control and with overlap less than 60 degree, Analysis with Grid Control and with overlap Greater than 60 degree, Complete characteristics of Rectifier, Inversion, series and parallel arrangements of valves, Anodes, or Bridges, Multi bridge Converter. Control: Grid control, Constant current versus Constant Voltage, Desired features of control, Actual control characteristics, constant-minimum Ignition-angle control, constant-current control, constant –extinction angle control, stability of control, frequency control. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Misoperation of converter: Malfunction of Mercury-Arc Valves, Bypass Valves, Arcback, short Circuit on a rectifier, Commutation failure, Arch through, Misfire, Quenching, Generalization Inverter Faults and certain Faults. Protection: General, DC Reactor, Voltage Oscillation and Valve Dampers, Current Oscillation and Anode Dampers, DC line Oscillation and Dampers, Circuit Breakers [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Harmonics and Filters: Characteristic Harmonics, Uncharacteristic harmonics, Troubles caused by Harmonics, Definition of wave distortion or ripple, means of reducing harmonics, Telephone Interference, Harmonic filter. Ground Return: Advantages and Problems, current field in the earth near an electrode, current field between the electrodes, natural current field in the earth, design of Electrode, design of land electrodes. [13 hrs]

References

1. E. W. Kimbark., Direct Current Transmission, Wiley-Interscience publishers. 2. K. Padiyar., HVDC Transmission Systems, Wiley eastern publications, 2007.

3. Narain G. Hingorani and Lazlo Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2000

4. Prabha Kundur, Power System Stability and Control Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi, 2006.

Detailed Syllabus of Elective Subjects

Reactive Power Management Subject Code: PPE001E SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I Introduction, importance of reactive power control in electrical power systems, objectives of load compensation, ideal compensator, Load compensation, specification of a compensator, Power factor correction and voltage regulation in single-phase systems, reactive power bias, Phase balancing and power factor correction of unsymmetrical loads: compensation by admittance network and compensation in terms of symmetrical components.

[13 Hrs] Unit-II

Basic requirement in AC power transmission, factors affecting stability and voltage, uncompensated transmission line: performance equations, performance requirements of lines, voltage profiles, voltage-power characteristics, Loadability characteristics. Transmission line compensation: types, passive/active Compensators, series/shunt compensation, compensation by sectioning.

[13 Hrs] Unit-III

Harmonics: Characteristic and Uncharacteristic harmonics, Sources, troubles caused by harmonics on electrical equipment, means of reducing harmonics, types of harmonic filters, DC filters, IEEE 519-1992 guidelines, Telephone interferences.

[13 Hrs] Unit-IV

Reactive power coordination: Reactive power management and planning, utility objectives, practices, transmission benefits, reactive power dispatch & equipment impact, reactive power forecasting, Reactive power control by DSM, Power pooling.

[13 Hrs]

References

1. T.J.E. Miller, Reactive Power Control in Electric Power Systems, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1982.


3. Narain G. Hingorani and Lazlo Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2000

4. IEEE Guide on Harmonic Control & Reactive Compensation of Power Converters, 519-1981

AI Applications in Power Systems

Subject Code: PPE002E SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I Introduction: AI, Definitions, history and evolution of AI, essential abilities of Intelligence and AI applications. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Problem Solving: Problem characteristics, problem search strategies, forward and backward reasoning, AND-OR goal trees, game trees, search methods – informed and uninformed search, breadth first search and depth first search methods. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Knowledge Representation: Logical formalisms: prepositional and predicate logic, syntax and semantics, wffs, clause form expressions, resolutions – use of RRTs for proofs and answers, examples from electric power systems. Non-monotonic logic: TMS, modal, temporal and fuzzy logic. Structured Representation of Knowledge: ISA/ISPART trees, associative/ semantic sets, frame and scripts, examples from electric power systems. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV AI Language: LISP and ProLog – Introduction, sample segments, LisP primitives, manipulation functions, function predicates, variables, iteration and recursion, property lists, sample programs from electric power systems. [13 hrs]

References

1. K.Warwick, A.O. Ekwue and R. Aggarwal, Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Power Systems.

2. Patterson D.W., Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, PHI, 1992 3. Charniak E., and McDermott D., Introduction to AI, Addison-Wesley, 1985. 4. Rich Elaine and Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw Hill, 1991. 5. Nils J. Nilson, Problem Solving Methods in AI, Tata McGraw Hill, 1971. 6. Nils J. Nilson, Principles of AI, Berlin Springer – Verlag, 1980.

Power System SCADA


Unit-I State Estimation in Energy Control Centers (ECC): Introduction, power system measurements, states of power systems, components of modern ECC, overview of different state estimator techniques, bad data handling, observability analysis. What is a SCADA System? History of Critical Infrastructure Directives, SCADA System Evolution, Definitions, SCADA System Architecture, SCADA Applications, SCADA System Security Issues Overview, SCADA System Desirable Properties. SCADA Systems in the Critical Infrastructure: Employment of SCADA Systems. [13 hrs]

Unit-II The Evolution of SCADA Protocols: Background Technologies of the SCADA Protocols, SCADA Protocols( The MODBUS Model, The DNP3 Protocols, UCA 2.0 and IE61850 Standards, Control area Network, Control and Information Protocol, Device Net, Control Net, Ether Net/IP,FFB, Profibus, The Security Implications of the SCADA Protocols, Demilitarized Zone. SCADA Vulnerabilities and Attacks: The Myth of SCADA Invulnerability, SCADA Risk Components, Risk Management Components, Assessing the Risk, Mitigating the Risk, SCADA Threats and Attack Routes, SCADA Honeynet Project. SCADA Security Methods and Techniques: SCADA Security Mechanisms, SCADA Intrusion Detection Systems. SCADA Security Standards and Reference Documents. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Power System Automation: Introduction, Overview of - power system instrumentation, power system metering, power plant automation, substation automation, transmission management, distribution management – SCADA/distribution management, distribution automation – feeder automation, demand side management, load management. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Substation Automation and Protocol Standards for Power Systems: Need for Automation, Definition of Integration and Automation, Substation control panels – with electromechanical devices, with Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED), Automatic load restoration – intelligent bus fail over, supply line sectionalizing, Monitoring of equipment condition, alarm processing, power quality, switched feeder capacitor banks, equipment rating. Integrated protection functions – adaptive relaying. [13 hrs]

References

1. Krutz , Ronald L , Securing Scada Systems 2nd edition, Wiely publishers, 2005.

2. Michael Wiebe, A Guide to Utility Automation: Amr, SCADA, and It Systems for Electric Power, Wiely Publishers, 2005.

Electric Power Quality


Unit-I Introduction: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Power quality. Power quality monitoring: State of the art, Instrumentation Architecture PQ Instrumentation Regulations, Harmonic Monitoring, Flicker monitoring, Data Post processing, Management of PQ Files. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Joint Time Frequency Analysis of the Electrical Signal: Application of JTFA to Electrical Signals, Review of Fundamental Mathematical Tools, Time Frequency Analysis Limits, JTFA Liner Methods, Time dependent Spectrum: Quadratic Transforms. Measurement and Analysis of Voltage Events: Monitoring of Voltage Events, Effects of Voltage Events of Equipment, Effects of Voltage Events on Equipment, Voltage event Surveys. Transient Mitigation Methods on ASDs: Transient analysis, Traditional Transient Mitigation Methods of ASDs, New Mitigation Methods. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Modern Arrangements for Reduction of Voltage Perturbations: Influence of Load on the Power quality, Reduction on load on the Power quality, Reduction on load Influence on the Voltage Profile, Mitigation of the Voltage Disturbance, Usability of the Modern Power Electronics. Static Shunt PE Voltage quality Controllers: Fundamentals of Shunt Compensation, Distribution Static Var Compensator ( D-SVC) , Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator ( D-STATCOM), Other Shunt Controllers Based on D-STATCOM. Static Series and Shunt series PE Voltage quality Controllers: Distribution Static Synchronous Series Compensators, Dynamics Voltage Restorer (DVR), AC/AC Voltage Regulators. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Active Power Line Conditioners: Power quality and Active Power Filters, Power electronics Inverters in APLCs, Strategies for Load Static Compensation, Practical Design, APLC Prototyped Trough PC Acquisition Board. Distributed Generation: General Impact of Distributed Generation, Coordination between Over current Protection and Sensitive Equipment Voltage Sag Immunity, Impact of DG on Recloser Fuse Coordination, Harmonics generated by Distribution Generators, Flicker due to wind gusts and tower shadows. IEC 61850and Power quality Monitoring and Recording: What is IEC 61850? Logic Interfaces and Distributed Applications, Functional Hierarchy, The IEC 61850 Model, Distribution and modeling of Functions in Power quality Monitoring Devices, Recording of Power quality events. [13 hrs]

References

1. Moreno-Munoz, Power Quality Mitigation in a Distributed Environment, Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2007.

2. Dugan, Roger C, Santoso, Surya, McGranaghan, Mark F/ Beaty, H. Wayne, Electric Power Quality, McGraw-Hill professional publication, 2003.

3. G.T.Heydt, Electric power quality, stars in a circle publications, 1991. 4. M.H.Rashid, Modern Power Electronics, TATA McGraw Hill, 2002. 5. Math.H.J. Bollen, Understanding power quality problems, IEEE press Standard publishers.

Advanced Power Electronics


Unit-I Introduction to Power Electronics: Introduction, Applications, switching characteristics, Advantage and Disadvantages of Power diode, Thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT, GTO, IGCT, MCT. [07 hrs] Controlled Rectifiers: Single phase and Three-phase Half wave and Full wave rectifiers with RL, RLE loads (problems solving on mentioned topics). [06 hrs]

Unit-II Inverters: Detailed study of three phase Inverters of 1200 and 1800. PWM techniques for three phase Inverters: Selective harmonic elimination, Sine Pulse Width Modulation Technique and Space Vector Modulation Technique. [07 hrs] Multilevel Inverters: Introduction, concept of multilevel inverter, flying capacitor, diode clamp and cascaded H- bridge and Applications. [06 hrs]

Unit-III Basics of DC-DC Converters: Steady state Analysis. Realization of switches. Non-idealities. Bidirectional power flow. Discontinuous conduction. Steady state analysis. Interference and Noise due to DC-DC converters: Conducted and radiated EMI. Basic principles. Spikes at output and input. [06 hrs] Resonant Converters: Introduction, Series, Parallel, ZVS & ZCS, Advantages and applications. [03 hrs]

Unit-IV Thermal design for switched mode converters; current mode control; controller designs; switched mode power supply circuits; regulation in isolated SMPS; magnetic amplifiers; application case studies. [06 hrs] Simulation of Converter Circuits: Simulation methods. Review of dynamic system. Dynamic modeling of converter in continuous and discontinuous mode of operation. Parallel resonant converter designs. [07 hrs]

References

1. Ned Mohan Tore. M. Undeland and William. P. Robbins; Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2003

2. Muhammad H. Rashid Power Electronics Handbook, Academic Press, 2004.

3. Rashid M.H., Power Electronic Circuits, Devices and Applications, TMH publication 3rd edition.

Advanced Electric Drives Subject Code: PPE008E SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I Introduction of Microcomputer control of Electric Drive: Review of microprocessors in Industrial motor drive systems, Microprocessor control of converter fed DC motor drives, performance analysis of microprocessor based control system applied to adjustable speed motor drives. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Microprocessor control of Induction Motors: Microprocessor based vector control system for Induction motor drives; Microprocessor based optimal efficiency drive of an Induction motor. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Microprocessor control of current fed synchronous motor drive, Microprocessor control of sensor less, brushless, switch reluctance motors. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Vector control of Induction motor drives, permanent magnet synchronous motor drives.

[13 hrs]

References

1. BK Bose, “Micro computer control of Power Electronics & Drives” IEEE Press 1987 2. W. Leonard, Electric drives, Spring Verlog, 1996.

Power System Instrumentation


Unit-I Theory of Errors: Accuracy and precision, systematic and random errors, limits of error, probable error and standard deviation. Gaussian error curves, combination of errors. Transducers: Construction & Operating Characteristics of active and digital transducers, Measurement of temperature, pressure, displacement, acceleration, noise level, Instrumentation for strain, displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque and temperature.

[13 hrs]

Unit-II Signal Conditioning: Instrumentation amplifiers, isolation amplifiers, analog multipliers, analog dividers, function generators, timers, sample and hold, optical and magnetic isolators, frequency to voltage converters, temperature to current converters. Shielding and grounding.

[13 hrs]

Unit-III Power System Instrumentation-I: Measurement of voltage, current, phase angle, frequency, active power and reactive power in power plants. Energy meters and multipart tariff meters.

[13 hrs]

Unit-IV Power System Instrumentation-II: Capacitive voltage transformers and their transient behavior, Current Transformers for measurement and protection, composite errors and transient response. [13 hrs]

References

1. Cooper Helfrick, Electrical Instrumentation and Measuring Techniques, Prentice Hall India, 1986

2. D. C. Nakra and K. K. Chowdhry, Instrumentation, Measurement, and Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1984.

3. A.K. Sawhney, Electrical & Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, Dhanpat Rai and Sons,2003.

4. Modern Power Station Practice, Volume F, British Electricity International Ltd., Central Electricity Generating Board, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991

5. “Control & Instrumentation”, NPTI Manuals Volumes I,II,III.

Power System Reliability Engineering


Unit-I Basics of Probability theory & Distribution: Basic probability theory – rules for combining probabilities of events – Bernoulli’s trials – probabilities density and distribution functions – binomial distribution – expected value and standard deviation of binomial distribution. Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis: Analysis of Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel networks – complex networks – decomposition method.

Unit-II Reliability functions: Reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), h(t) and their relationships – exponential distribution – Expected value and standard deviation of exponential distribution – Bath tub curve – reliability analysis of series parallel networks using exponential distribution – reliability measures MTTF, MTTR, MTBF. Markov Modelling: Markov chains – concept of stochastic transitional probability Matrix, Evaluation of limiting state Probabilities. – Markov processes one component repairable system – time dependent probability evaluation using Laplace transform approach – evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM – two component repairable models.

Unit-III Frequency & Duration Techniques: Frequency and duration concept – Evaluation of frequency of encountering state, mean cycle time, for one , two component repairable models – evaluation of cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of encountering of merged states. Generation System Reliability Analysis: Reliability model of a generation system– recursive relation for unit addition and removal – load modeling - Merging of generation load model – evaluation of transition rates for merged state model – cumulative Probability, cumulative frequency of failure evaluation – LOLP, LOLE.

Unit-IV Composite Systems Reliability Analysis: Decompositions method – Reliability Indices – Weather Effects on Transmission Lines. Distribution System and Reliability Analysis: Basic Concepts – Evaluation of Basic and performance reliability indices of radial networks.

References

1. R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Reliability Evaluation of Engg. System, Plenum Press, New York.

2. R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Reliability Evaluation of Power systems, Pitman Advance Publishing Program, New York.

3. Charles E. Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, TATA Mc Graw - Hill – Edition.

Foundation of Energy Engineering – I


Unit-I Thermodynamics: Fundamental concepts and definitions: Units and dimensions; Thermodynamics; Thermodynamic system: closed system, open system and isolated system; Thermodynamic property: intensive property and extensive property; Thermodynamic state; Thermodynamic process (change of state); Thermodynamic cycle; Point and path function. Work and Heat: Thermodynamic definition of work; Work done in frictionless quasi-equilibrium process; Pdv work; various quasi-static processes, Heat: definition, Comparison of heat and work, difference between heat and work; simple numerical on heat and work. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Laws of Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamic for a closed system under going a cyclic process; First law of thermodynamic for a closed system under going a non-cyclic process; First law of a closed system for different process; Simple numerical; First law of thermodynamic for an open system (SFEE) and its applications; Simple numerical; Second law of thermodynamic and its applications (Heat engine and reversible heat engine); Reversible and irreversible process; Basic power generating cycles: Carnot cycle and Ranking cycle. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Fluid Mechanics: Continuity equation; classification of flows; Euler’s equation of motion; Bernoulli’s equation: assumptions, statement, equation, for real fluids, practical applications of Bernoulli’s equation, simple numerical; Flow through pipes: major losses, Darcy-Weibach formula; Minor losses: sudden expansion, sudden contraction, bend, pipe fitting and an obstruction in pipes; Simple numerical. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation; Basic laws governing heat transfer; Simple numerical; Combined heat transfer mechanism; One dimensional conduction heat transfer: in rectangular co-ordinate for plane wall, hollow cylinder and hollow sphere; Heat Exchanger: Definition; parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow and shell & tube type; Over all heat transfer co-efficient (U): Wall and hollow cylinder; Analysis of a heat exchanger: energy balance, LMTD for parallel and counter flow heat exchanger; Simple numerical on above topics. [13 hrs]

References 1. M.W. Zemansky, Heat and Thermodynamics, 7th edition,Mc Graw Hill, 1977.

2. Yunus A. Cenegal and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics an Engineering Approach, 5th edition, Tata McGraw hill Pub. 2006

3. B.K.Venkanna, Basic Thermodynamics, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2005.

4. B.K.Venkanna, Applied Thermodynamics, Ellite Publisher, Mangalore/ PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi

5. John F. Douglas et al., Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2003. 6. A.K.Mohanty, Fluid Mechanics, 2nd edition, PHI Learning Private Limited, 1994.

7. B.K.Venkanna, Heat and Mass Transfer, Ellite Publisher, Manglaore/ PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2010.

8. Frank P. Incropera and David P. De Witt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Willey Stdent Edition, 2008

9. P.K.Nag, Heat and Mass Transfer, 2nd edition, Tata Mc Garw Hill, 2007

Foundation of Energy Engineering – II


Unit-I Fuels: Introduction to fuels, properties of liquid fuels, coal classification, properties of coal; physical properties, chemical properties. Properties of gaseous fuel, LPG, Natural gas. [06 hrs] Combustion Thermodynamics: Combustion- complete, incomplete; Air for combustion- Theoretical, excess, problems; Exhaust gas analysis; Enthalpy of formation, enthalpy and energy of combustion, combustion efficiency, Adiabatic flame temperature. [07 hrs]

Unit-II Boilers: Introduction, Boiler specification, Indian boiler regulation, IBR steam boilers, IBR steam pipe. Boiler systems. Boiler types and classification- Fire tube, water tube. [06 hrs] Performance Evaluation of Boilers: Boiler efficiency – The direct method, The indirect method, Problems. Boiler evaporation ratio. Intermittent blow down- Continuous blow down, blow down calculation, Benefits of blow down. Energy conservation opportunities. [07 hrs]

Unit-III Steam System: Introduction, properties of steam, PT and PV diagrams, triple point, critical point, sub cooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet steam, saturated vapour, superheated vapour. Enthalpy, sensible heat, latent, total, superheat; Dryness factor, T.S and H.S diagrams and representations of various processes on these diagrams. Numerical problems. Steam distribution, features of steam piping, steam pipe sizing and design. [08 hrs] FBC Boilers: Introduction, mechanism of fluidized bed combustion, types of fluidized bed combustion boilers, Advantages of fluidized bed combustion boilers. [05 hrs]

Unit-IV Cogeneration: Need for cogeneration, principal of cogeneration, technical potions for cogeneration – Steam turbine cogeneration systems, gas turbine cogeneration systems, reciprocating engine cogeneration systems. Classification of cogeneration systems: Topping cycle, bottoming cycle. Important technical parameters for cogeneration, Prime movers for cogeneration, case study. [08 hrs] Waste Heat Recovery: Introduction, Heat losses- quality and quantity. Commercial waste heat recovery devices – Recuperators, convective hybrid Recuperators, ceramic Recuperators, regenerators, case study. [05 hrs]

References

1. Book for National Certification Examination for energy managers and energy auditors. 2. Rajaput, Engineerimg Thermodynamics, 6th edition, Laxmi Publication Pvt Ltd, 2008. 3. B. K. Venkanna and B. V. Swati, Basic Thermodynamics, PHI Pvt Ltd, 2010. 4. B. K. Venkanna and B. V. Swati, Applied Thermodynamics, PHI Pvt Ltd, 2005. 5. P.K. Nag, Basic and Applied Thermodynamics, Tata Mcgraw Hill.

Suggested Topics in Energy Conversion Systems Subject Code: PPE016E SEE Marks: 100 Credits: 04 Exam Duration: 03 Hours

Unit-I Energy from Biomass, Biofuels and Biogas: Introduction, types of biofuels, biomass resources, biomass conversion technologies, pyrolysis, photosynthesis process, types of biogas plants. Operational parameters of biogas plants, availability of raw materials and gas yields. Electricity generation from Biomass & Biogas. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Electricity generation from Geothermal systems: Introduction, Different methods of electricity generation, advantages and disadvantages. Analysis of hot aquifers for calculating the heat content. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Ocean Thermal, Tidal and Wave energy systems: Introduction, Location of OCET, Electricity generation methods from OCET, Tidal Energy Conversion Schemes, Working principle of Tidal Energy. Power and Waves, Wave energy technology. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Fuel Cells and their Applications: Introduction and classification of fuel cells, Fuels for fuel cells, efficiency of a fuel cell, V-I characteristics of a fuel cell, fuel cell power plant. [13 hrs]

References

1. Khan, B.H., Non Conventional Energy Resources, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.

2. Tiwari, G.N., and Ghosal, M.K., Renewable Energy Resources – Basic Principles and Applications, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2007.

3. Rai, G.D., Non-Conventional Energy Sources, 4th edition, Khanna Publishers, 2009.

Environmental Impacts of Energy Conversion Systems


Unit-I Indicators of environmental crises, Definition of environment and ecosystem, Ecological pyramid, Types of ecosystems and their classification, Biodiversity and its necessity. Environmental pollution, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, Causes of pollution, Effects of pollution. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Constituents of atmosphere, Oxides of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen, Greenhouse effect, Global warming, Acid precipitation, Particulate matter, Flue-gas desulphurization (FGD) systems, Single alkali scrubbing, NO removal, Electrostatic precipitators, Particle removal, Thermal pollution. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Radioactivity, Units of radioactivity, Nuclear Power and the Environment, Fuel cycle, Radiations from nuclear power plant effluents, Biological effects of nuclear wastes, disposal of wastes. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Environmental Impact of Hydroelectric power stations, Problems of displacement and rehabilitation Noise pollution, Light pollution, visual pollution. Renewable energy sources and their environmental impact. Environmental impacts and cost benefit analysis of power generation in India. Eco friendly technology, Conservation of energy and resources, Life-cycle assessment and resource recovery, Population and environment, Famous environmental movements and people. [13 hrs]

References

1. M.M.El-Wakil Power Plant Technology, McGraw Hill International edition 1984 2. J.M.Fowler, Energy and the Environment, McGraw Hill, 1975

3. S A Abbasi, Naseem Abbasi, Renewable energy sources and their environmental impact, Prentice Hall India Publication

4. R Rajagopalan “ Environmental Studies” Oxford University Press 5. G M Masters, Environmental Engineering and Science, PHI, 2006 6. Gouri Suresh “ Environmental Studies and Ethics” I K International Publishing

Energy Conservation in Industrial Systems


Unit-I Concept and significance of energy conservation: Energy conservation opportunities (ECOs), ECOs in electrical power supply sector: Generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems, ECOs in transportation system, ECOS in residential and commercial sectors, ECOs in industry sector. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Industrial Motors: Selection of motor power capacity for- Continuous duty constant load motor application, Continuous duty variable load motor application, intermittent duty motor application and short time duty motor application. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Industrial Heating: Methods of electrical heating: Resistance, Induction and electric heating principles; source of heating; factors controlling the depth of heat penetration. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Industrial Lighting: Types of lighting schemes, Factor affecting energy efficient lighting schemes, methods of lighting calculation, principles of light control; Factors controlling factory lighting, street lighting and flood lighting schemes. [13 hrs]

References 1. S.Rao and B.B. Parulekar, Energy technology, kanna publishers, 1995.

2. M.V. Deshpande, Elements of electrical power station design, III edition wheeler publishing 1986.

3. J.B. Gupta, Generation, transmission and utilization of electric power, Kataria publication, New Delhi 1986.

Computer Control of Energy Systems


Unit-I Characteristics of Power Generation Units: Characteristics of steam units, Variation in Steam Unit Characteristics, Cogeneration Plants. Economic Dispatch of Thermal Units and methods of solutions: The Economic Dispatch Problem, Thermal System Dispatching with Network Losses, The Lambda-Iteration Method, Gradient Methods of Economic dispatch, Newton’s Method. Transmission Losses: Coordination Equations, Incremental Losses and Penalty Factors, B –Matrix Loss Formula. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Unit commitment: Introduction, constraints in Unit Commitment, Spinning Reserve, Thermal Unit Constraints, Other Constraints, Reliability consideration in Unit Commitment, Unit Commitment Solution Methods: Priority- List Methods. [07 hrs] Hydrothermal coordination: Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling, Short-Range Hydro Scheduling, Hydroelectric plant model, scheduling Problems, Short-Term Hydro-Scheduling: A Gradient Approach, Pumped- Storage Hydro plants. [06 hrs]

Unit-III Control of Generation: Introduction, Generator Model, Load Model, Prime-Mover Model, Governor Model, Tie-Line Model, Generation Control. Interchange of Power and Energy: Economy. [04 hrs] Interchange between Interconnected Utilities, Inter utility Economy Energy Evaluation, and Interchange Evaluation with Unit Commitment. Power Pools: The Energy-Broker System, allocating pool savings. [09 hrs]

Unit-IV Power System Security: Introduction. Factors affecting power system security. Contingency analysis. Detection of network problems - Network sensitivity factors. AC load flow methods. Correcting the generation dispatch. Correcting the generation dispatch by sensitivity methods. Compensated factors. Correcting the generation dispatch using linear programming. [06 hrs] State Estimation in Power Systems: Introduction. Power system state estimation. Maximum likelihood weighted Least Squares estimation - Introduction. Maximum Likelihood Concepts. Matrix Formulation. An example of Weighted Least squares State estimation. State estimation in AC networks-Development of method. Typical results of state estimation on an AC network. [07 hrs]

References

1. Allen J Wood and Bruce F Woolenberg, Power Generation Operation and Control, 2nd edition, Wiley Publication, 2007.


Power and Energy System Planning


Unit-I Power System Planning: Power systems, strategic planning, power development, power growth, national and regional planning, structure of power system, power resources, planning tools, planning organization, electricity regulations, scenario for the 21st century. [07 hrs] Electricity Forecasting: Loads, forecasting techniques, forecasting modeling, spatial load forecasting, peak load forecast, Reactive load forecast, unloading of system. [06 hrs]

Unit-II Generation planning: Integrated power generation, generation mix, convention generation source, non-conventional generation sources, cogeneration / captive power, renovation and modernization of power plants, power pooling and trading. [05 hrs] Transmission and Distribution Planning: Network, selection of voltage levels, lining criteria, underground transmission, HVDC transmission, FACTS, Substation development, reactive power planning, grid formulation, rural electrification, compact lines. [08 hrs]

Unit-III Power System Reliability: Probabilistic reliability criteria, statistical and probabilistic measures, absolute and relative measures, methods of assessments, system analysis, reliability cost and reliability worth, concepts of data. [06 hrs] System reliability, system adequacy and security, reliability planning, reliability evaluations, functional zones, generations, transmissions, reliability target, quality of supply. [07 hrs]

Unit-IV Energy Efficiency: Sustainable growth, energy efficient technologies, conservation estimates, energy economical products, efficient energy use. [03 hrs] Power System Economics: Power sector finance, financial planning, techno economic viability, private participation, financial analysis, economic analysis application, economic characteristics-generations units, transmission, rural electrification investments, total system analysis, credit risk assessment, optimum investment model, rational tariffs. [10 hrs]

References

1. A. S. Pabla, Electrical Power System Planning, Macmillan India Limited, 1998

2. R. Billinton and R. N. Allan, Reliability Evaluation of Power System, 2nd edition, Springer (India) Private Limited, 2008.

System Simulation and Modeling


Unit-I Introduction to Simulation: When Simulation is the Appropriate Tool; When Simulation Is Not Appropriate; Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulation; Areas of Application; Systems and System Environment; Components of a System; Discrete and Continuous Systems; Model of a System; Types of Models; Discrete-Event System Simulation; Steps in a Simulation Study. [07 hrs] Simulation Examples: Characteristics of Queueing Systems; Queueing Notation; Simulation of Queueing Systems; Simulation of Inventory Systems. General Principles: Concepts in Discrete-Event Simulation: The Event-Scheduling / Time-Advance Algorithm, World Views, Manual simulation Using Event Scheduling. [06 hrs]

Unit-II Random-Number Generation: Properties of Random Numbers; Generation of Pseudo-Random Numbers; Techniques for Generating Random Numbers; Tests for Random Numbers. [07 hrs] Random-Variate Generation: Inverse Transform technique: Exponential Distribution, Uniform Distribution, Discrete Distributions; Acceptance-Rejection Technique: Poisson distribution. [06 hrs]

Unit-III Input Modeling: Data Collection; Identifying the distribution with Data; Parameter Estimation; Goodness of Fit Tests; Selecting Input Models without Data; Multivariate and Time-Series Input Models. [07 hrs] Verification and Validation of Simulation Models: Model Building, Verification and Validation Verification of Simulation Models; Calibration and Validation of Models. [06 hrs]

Unit-IV Output Analysis for a Single Model: Types of Simulations with Respect to Output Analysis; Stochastic Nature of Output Data; Measures of Performance and Their Estimation; Output Analysis for Terminating Simulations; Output Analysis for Steady-State Simulations. [08 hrs] Simulation of Computer Systems: Introduction; Simulation Tools; Model Input; High-Level Computer-System Simulation; CPU Simulation; Memory Simulation. [05 hrs]

References

1. Jerry Banks, John S. Carson, Barry L. Nelson, David M. Nicol, “Discrete-Event System Simulation”, 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall India, 2009.

Linear Algebra


Unit-I Linear equations: Fields, system of linear equations, and its solution sets, elementary row operations and echelon forms, matrix operations, invertible matrices, LU-factorization. Vector spaces: Vector spaces, subspaces, bases and dimension, coordinates, summary of row-

equivalence, computations concerning subspaces. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Linear Transformations: Linear transformations, algebra of linear transformations, isomorphism, representation of transformations by matrices, linear functional, transpose of a linear transformation. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Canonical Forms: Characteristic values, annihilating polynomials, invariant subspaces, direct-sum decompositions, invariant direct sums, primary decomposition theorem, cyclic bases, Jordan

canonical form. Iterative estimates of characteristic values. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Inner Product Spaces: Inner products, inner product spaces, orthogonal sets and projections, Gram-Schmidt process, QR-factorization, least-squares problems, unitary operators. Symmetric Matrices and Quadratic Forms: Digitalization, quadratic forms, constrained optimization,

singular value decomposition. [13 hrs]

References

1. Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, "Linear Algebra," 2nd edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd/ Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

2. David C. Lay, “Linear Algebra and its Applications,” 3rd edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2005.

3. Gilbert Strang, "Linear Algebra and its Applications," 3rd edition, Thomson Learning Asia, 2003.

4. Bernard Kolman and David R. Hill, "Introductory Linear Algebra with Applications," Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 7th edition, 2003.

Energy Management Systems and Planning


Unit-I Introduction to Energy Management Systems: Energy Scenario – world and India, Objectives of Energy management and Energy forecasting, GDP, GNP and Per Capita Energy Consumption, Organization for energy management, Codes, Standards and Legislation, Reforms & Structuring, Energy Conservation Act 2001 (India), Renewable Energy Act, International Energy Agency, OECD and Kyoto Protocol. [13 hrs]

Unit-II Energy Economic Analysis: Introduction-Time value of Money concept, Equivalence and principles of equivalence; Cash Flow (CF) and CF models, annuities, CF diagrams, Basic interest computation methods – simple interest and compound interest, Developing CF models, Interest Factors - Single Payment Compound Amount (SPCA), Single Payment Present Worth (SPPW), Uniform Series Compound Amount (USCA), Sinking Fund Payment (SFP), Uniform Series Present Worth (USPW), Capital Recovery (CR), and Gradient Present Worth (GPW); Life Cycle Costing methods – present worth, future worth and annual worth methods; Payback period and simple rate of return method; Depreciation – Straight line, diminishing value, sinking fund and sum of years methods; Tax, tax credits and tax analysis, Numerical problems. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Energy Auditing: Introduction-Significance of energy conservation and consumptions, Energy conservation opportunities (ECO’s) in various sectors of economy, Classification of energy audit, Steps involved in detailed energy audit, Energy use profiles, Measurements in energy audits, Presentation of energy audit results, Case studies of energy audits. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Demand Side Management: Introduction to DSM, Concept and benefits of DSM, Different techniques of DSM – time of day pricing, multi-utility power exchange model, time of day models for planning, Load management, load priority technique, peak clipping, peak shifting, valley filling, strategic conservation, Energy efficient equipments. Energy management and control system for demand side. [13 hrs]

References

1. Larry C. White, Philip S. Schmidt, David R. Brown, Industrial Energy Management Systems, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York.

2. Albert Thumann, Fundamentals of Energy Engineering, Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

3. D. P. Sen, K. R. Padiyar, Indrane Sen, M. A. Pai, Recent Advances in Control and Management of Energy Systems, Interline Publisher, Bangalore, 1993.

4. Ashok V. Desai, Energy Demand – Analysis, Management and Conservation, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Jyothi Parekh, Demand Side Management, TMH Publishers. 6. S.Rao and B.B. Parulekar, Energy technology, kanna publishers, 1995.

Power System Deregulation


Unit-I Need and conditions for deregulation. Introduction of Market structure, Market Architecture, Spot market, forward markets and settlements. Review of Concepts, marginal cost of generation, least-cost operation and incremental cost of generation. Power System Operation: Old vs. New [13 hrs]

Unit-II Electricity sector structures and Ownership /management, the forms of Ownership and management. Different structure model like Monopoly model, Purchasing agency model, wholesale competition model, Retail competition model. [13 hrs]

Unit-III Framework and methods for the analysis of Bilateral and pool markets, LMP based markets, auction models and price formation, price based unit commitment, country practices. Transmission network and market power. Power wheeling transactions and marginal costing, transmission costing. Congestion management methods- market splitting, counter-trading; Effect of congestion on LMPs- country practices. [13 hrs]

Unit-IV Ancillary Services and System Security in Deregulation. Classifications and definitions, AS management in various markets- country practices. Technical, economic & regulatory issues involved in the deregulation of the power industry. [13 hrs]

References

1. S. Stoft, Power System Economics: Designing markets for electricity, 2004. 2. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, Power generation, operation and control, 2008.

3. K. Bhattacharya, M.H.J. Bollen and J.E. Daalder, Operation of restructured power systems, 2004.

4. M. Shahidehpour, H. Yamin and Z. Li, Market operations in electric power systems, 2008. 5. S. Kirschen and G. Strbac, Fundamentals of power system economics.

EHV Transmission Systems


Unit-I E.H.V. A.C. Transmission, line trends and preliminary aspects, standard transmission voltages – power handling capacities and line losses – mechanical aspects. Calculation of line resistance and inductance: resistance of conductors, temperature rise of conductor and current carrying capacity. Properties of bundled conductors and geometric mean radius of bundle, inductance of two conductor lines and multi conductor lines, Maxwell’s coefficient matrix. [13 Hrs]

Unit-II Line capacitance calculation: capacitance of two conductor line, and capacitance of multi conductor lines, potential coefficients for bundled conductor lines, sequence inductances and capacitances and diagonalization. Calculation of electro static field of AC lines - Effect of high electrostatic field on biological organisms and human beings. [13 Hrs]

Unit-III Surface voltage Gradient on conductors, surface gradient on two conductor bundle and cosine law, maximum surface voltage gradient of bundle with more than 3 sub conductors, Mangolt formula. Corona : Corona in EHV lines – corona loss formulae – attenuation of traveling waves due to corona – Audio noise due to corona, its generation, characteristics and limits, measurement of audio noise. [13 Hrs]

Unit-IV Power Frequency voltage control : Problems at power frequency, generalized constants, No load voltage conditions and charging currents, voltage control using synchronous condenser, cascade connection of components : Shunt and series compensation, sub synchronous resonance in series – capacitor compensated lines Static reactive compensating systems: Introduction, SVC schemes, Harmonics injected into network by TCR, design of filters for suppressing harmonics injected into the system. [13 Hrs]

References

1. Rakosh Das Begamudre, Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering, Wiley Eastem ltd., New Delhi – 1987.

2. EHV Transmission line reference book – Edision Electric Institute (GEC) 1986.

Soft Computing Subject Code :PPE029E SEE Marks :100 Credits :04 Exam Duration :03 Hrs

Unit-I 1 The human brain, structure and function of a neuron, models of a neuron – all three

models, activation functions – Threshold, Piecewise-Linear, Sigmoidal (both), neural networks viewed as directed graphs, feedback, effect of forward weight ‘w’ on the dynamic behavior of the system, network architecture – nomenclature, problems on architecture, problems on activation functions and problems on models of a neuron.

13 Hrs

Unit-II 2 Single layer feed forward neural networks, multilayer feed forward neural networks,

recurrent neural networks - real time recurrent, Elman recurrent neural networks, Error correction learning (Widrow-Hoff Rule), learning with a teacher, learning without a teacher, competitive learning, neural network discrimination ability –problems.

13 Hrs

Unit-III 3 Steps in typical data collection plan, biased data set, influence of the biased data on the

performance of neural network, concept of features and feature space, data labeling, Foley,s rule, number of hidden layers, number of hidden neurons, validation error, stopping criteria, system identification for f(x), function approximation – cardiopulmonary modeling, distance metric and their properties, Euclidean distance matric, Manhattan distance matric and hamming Distance metric. Setting the parameter values- initialization of weight updates, choice of learning rate, momentum, non – numeric inputs and Back –Propagation-Algorithm.

13 Hrs

Unit-IV 4 Statistics: Sample mean, sample median, sample mode and their use in data collection.

Measures of variation- sample standard deviation. variance, coefficient of variation, range, measure of skewness. Problems Introduction to data normalization- Z-score normalization, Min- Max normalization, Sigmoidal normalization, energy normalization and principal components normalization. models. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Classical sets and fuzzy sets, classical relations and fuzzy relations. Operations on Classical Sets : Properties of Fuzzy Sets : Mapping of Classical Sets to Functions Fuzzy Sets: Fuzzy Set Operations : Properties of Fuzzy Sets : Seta as Points in Hypercubes : Cartesian Product : Crisp Relations : Cardinality of Crisp Relations : Operations on Crisp Relations : Properties of Crisp Relations : Composition : Fuzzy Relations : Cardinality of Fuzzy Relations : Operations of Fuzzy Relations : Properties of Fuzzy Relations: Fuzzy Cartesian Product and Composition Noninteractive Fuzzy Sets: Tolerance and Equivalence Relations : Crisp Equivalence Relation : Crisp Tolerance Relation : Fuzzy Tolerance and Equivalence Relations : Value Assignments : Cosine Amplitude : Max – min Method : Other Similarity Methods.

05 Hrs

08 Hrs

References: 01 Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks A Comprehensive Foundation”, 2nd edition, Pearson Education. Inc.

Eighth Impression, 2009 02 Kishan Mehrotra, K Mohan & S.Ranka, “Elements of Artifical Neural Networks”, 2nd edition, Penram

International Publishing (India) Pvt – Ltd, 1997 03 D. G. Rees. “Essentials Statistics”, 4th edition Chapman & Hall / CRC, 2010 04 Timothy J. Ross “Fuzzy logic with engineering applications”, McGraw – Hill Inc 1997.

Laboratory - I

Subject Code : PPE114L SEE Marks : 50

Credits :02 Exam Duration : 03 Hrs

01. a) Justify and validate the (Power law Index) height extrapolation of the wind velocities.

b) Draw the box plot for the wind velocities recorded at 10m and 18m. 02. Determine the cause of tripping of inverter in BEC Energy park.

03. Conduct performance analysis of hybrid systems. 04. Solution of swing equation using MATLAB simulink.

05. Solution of swing equation using MATLAB programming. 06. Solution of swing equation by using numerical methods

a) Step-by-step method b) Runge-Kutta method c) Eulers method d) Milnes predictor method.

07. Determine co-efficient of discharge (Cd) of Orifice meter.

08. Determine co-efficient of discharge (Cd) of Cencury meter.

09. Determine minor losses due to bend, elbow, sudden contraction and sudden enlargement. 10. Determine major losses (due to friction) between 2 points in a pipe flow. 11. Determine the reliability and unreliability of a bridge type network or system by using cutset

concept. 12. Determine the reliability and unreliability of a bridge type network or system by using tieset

concept. 13. Deduce the Boolean expression for the top event of a given system and hence evaluate its

probability of occurrence if the reliabilities of individual events are known. 14. Evaluate the probability of loss of electrical power using numerical approach.

LABROATORY ASSESSMENTS FOR SEE: 1). Each Laboratory is evaluated for 100 marks (50 CIE and 50 SEE) 2). Allocation of 50 marks for CIE

Performance and journal write-up: Marks for each experiment = 30 marks/No. of proposed experiments.

One Practical test for 20 marks.

Laboratory - II

Subject Code : PPE214L SEE Marks : 50

Credits :02 Exam Duration : 03 Hrs

1. To demonstration the distribution system automation and control unit.

2. To conduct the energy audit in terms of total energy sent from the main receiving station to the

energy received at different buildings. The energy audit in different building can be done to

account for the energy consumption at each building.

3. To generate electricity consumption bills building wise based on the consumption. Student will

learn to generate a two part bill i.e. demand charges and energy charges in line with utility supply

bill.

4. To generate daily, monthly and annual load variation curves and to draw the load duration curve

for a given time period for a given consumer/building.

5. To draw the load curve and conduct demand side management exercise to flatten the load curve.

6. To arrive at the best switching sequence to minimize the losses and interruption in the secondary

distribution network.

7. To write software programs to communicate with the Field Control Unit and acquire voltage,

current, power and status indications.

8. To establish different modes of communication viz., optic fiber, dial up – telephone line, dedicated

wire, GSM – mobile, etc.

9. To conduct state estimation using the on-line data.

10. To monitor and record the renewable generation sources in the college.

LABROATORY ASSESSMENTS FOR SEE: 1). Each Laboratory is evaluated for 100 marks (50 CIE and 50 SEE) 2). Allocation of 50 marks for CIE

Performance and journal write-up: Marks for each experiment = 30 marks/No. of proposed experiments.

One Practical test for 20 marks.

PPE311I: Industrial Training (8 weeks)

Training in any one of the reputed industry/ research institute is to be taken up. The training program

has to be taken up during the vacation between 2nd and 3rd semester. The duration of the training

program should be for period of 8 weeks. A report on the training is to be submitted. The supervisor/

guide from industry will allot 50 marks of the CIE, where the student undergoes training. The internal

guide/ PG coordinator will allot 50 marks of SEE.

PPE312P: Project Phase-I

Phase-I of the project is part of the final M.Tech project. Students have to take up literature survey,

formulate the problem of the project, define the project objectives and prepare the project

implementation schedule. A certified report and a seminar is to be presented by the students.

Evaluation of the project phase-I is to be conducted by internal examiners, who will be the guide, PG

coordinator/ Subject expert (from within the dept or outside the dept or industry) and HoD. Guide will

allot CIE for 50 marks and the SEE 50 marks will be allotted by guide after the seminar in consultation

with PG coordinator/ Subject expert (from within the dept or outside the dept or industry) and HoD. The

seminar should highlight – Broad project area, literature survey, problem definition, project objectives

and implementation schedule of the project.

Semester-IV

PPE411P: Project Phase-II

Project work, based on the problem defined in 3rd semester should be continued and implemented in 4th

semester. The implementation of the project work can be done either in a reputed industry/ research

organization/ parent institute. Project monitoring committee (consisting of project guide (s), PG

coordinator and HoD) can be setup to monitor the progress of each project. The committee will meet

two times after commencement of the project semester (IV) to review the project (first: in the middle of

semester and second: after completion of the project, i.e before thesis write up). A certified report on

the project work should be submitted to the department. Students should present a seminar on the

project, which will be followed by a project evaluation and viva voce examination. CIE of 50 marks to be

allotted by the guide based on regular monitoring of the progress of the project (in consultation with the

committee). The SEE shall be based on the thesis evaluation (both guide and external examiner) and viva

voce conducted by external examiner and guide (internal examiner).

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