Department of Education

Safe Use of Machinery in Technology Teaching

Program Purpose

• To be able to test and demonstrate knowledge in the safe use of static powered machinery

• To have an understanding of safety requirements according to current Victorian legislation

Learning Outcomes

VBQU618 Apply OHS principles to technology teaching

• Describe technology area roles and responsibilities of employers, employees, and contractors as set out in occupational health and safety legislation eg. technology head, health and safety representative, technology teachers, management nominee

• Maintain awareness of all relevant OHS Risk Management requirements for managing risks in technology

• Develop understanding of hazards in technology and the application to machinery safety

• Learn about the management of hazardous substances in the technology teaching environment

Learning Outcomes

• Learn about preparing, operating and maintaining woodwork machinery, including basic machinery safety

• Develop understanding of managing safety in a woodwork teaching workshop

• Implement housekeeping procedures in a technology teaching environment and safe operation of all common woodwork machinery

VBQU619 Safely operate and maintain woodworking machines

Learning Outcomes

• Understand metal shop safety in the technology teaching environment and safe operation of all common metalwork machinery

• Learn about preparing metal working machines for use

• Learn about operating, maintaining metal working machines

• Implement housekeeping procedures in a teaching metal shop

VBQU619 Safely operate and maintain metalworking machines

Session 1

VBQU618Apply OHS Principles to Technology Teaching

Legislation

• Acts

• Regulations

• Compliance Codes

• Standards

• Guidance

• Agreements and contracts

WorkSafe Victoria

• WorkSafe Victoria is the Victorian WorkCover Authority’s occupational health and safety arm

• Responsibilities include:

- prevent workplace injuries- enforce Victoria’s OHS Laws

Objects of the OHS Act 2004

a) to secure the health, safety and welfare of employees and other persons at work

b) to eliminate, at the source, risks to health safety or welfare of employees and other persons at work

c) to ensure that the health and safety of members of the public is not placed at risk by the conduct of undertakings by employers and self-employed persons

d) to provide for involvement of employees, employers and organisations representing those persons in the formulation and implementation of health, safety and welfare standards

S2

Principles of Health and Safety Protection

S4

1 All people must be given the highest level of protection

against risks2

Those who control or manage the workplace

are responsible for eliminating or reducing

risks as far as is reasonably practicable.

3Employers and self-employed

persons must be proactive

4 Employers and

employees should exchange

Information and ideas about risks

5Employees are

entitled, should be encouraged to be

represented

Concept of Ensuring Health and Safety

• Eliminate risks to health and safety so far as is

reasonably practicable

If not reasonably practicable to eliminate risks

• Reduce risks so far as is reasonably practicable

Note: health includes psychological health

S20

When determining what is Reasonably Practicable regard must be had to …

a) likelihood of the hazard or risk eventuating

b) the degree of harm that would result if the hazard or risk eventuated

c) what the person concerned knows, or ought to reasonably know about the hazard or risk and ways of eliminating or reducing it

d) the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or reduce the hazard or risk

e) $ the cost of eliminating or reducing the hazard or risk $

S20

Duties of Employers An employer must, so far as is reasonably practicable, provide and maintain for employees of the employer a working environment that is safe and without risks to health*.

S21(1)

* Definition of health includes psychological health

Duties of Employers

Employers must so far as is reasonably practicable:

• provide or maintain plant or systems of work

• manage risk when using, handling, storing and transporting plant or substances

• maintain workplaces under their control and management in a safe and healthy condition

• provide adequate facilities for the welfare of employees

• provide information, instruction, training or supervision to employees to perform their work that is safe and without risks to health

S21 (a-e)

Contractors

“Employee” includes an independent contractor engaged by an employer and any employees of the independent contractor

S21(3)(a)

Contractors

• the duties of an employer under those sub-sections extend to such an independent contractor and the independent contractor’s employees, in relation to matters over which the employer –

has control; or

would have had control but for any agreement between the employer and the independent contractor to limit or remove that control.

S21(3)(b)

Duties of Employers

An employer must so far as is reasonably practicable

• monitor the health of the employees• monitor the conditions at the workplace• provide information to employees (in appropriate

languages) concerning health and safety at the workplace, including the names to whom an employee may make an enquiry or complaint about health and safety

• keep information and records relating to health and safety of employees

• employ or engage qualified people to provide advice on occupational health and safety

S22

Duties of Employees

• Take reasonable care of themselves

• Take reasonable care of others who may be affected by their acts or omissions

• Co-operate with their employer on safety matters

• Not to intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided at the workplace in the interests of health, safety or welfare

• In determining failure to take reasonable care regard must be had to what the employee knew about the relevant circumstances

S25

Employers and Self Employed Persons

Responsibility to ensure that persons (other than

employees) are not exposed to risks arising from conduct

of their undertaking

S23&24

Duties of Designers of Plant

• Must ensure that the plant is designed to be without risks to health and safety when used for the purpose it was designed.

S27

• Must carry out tests and examinations to ensure that the plant is safe when used for its intended purpose.

• Must provide information about the intended purpose of the plant, test results and any conditions necessary to ensure that it is safe when used for the intended purpose.

Duties of Manufacturers of Plant or Substances

S29

• Must ensure that plant and substances are safe when used for the purpose they were manufactured

• Must carry out or arrange tests and examinations to ensure that the plant/substance is safe when used for intended purpose

• Must give suppliers and users of plant or substances information about: the intended purpose(s) of the plant or substances, the results of tests for plant or substances; and any condition necessary to ensure that when used for

intended purpose they are safe.

Licences, Registration and Permits

• Employers must not allow work to be carried out unless the workplace activity, plant or substance is licensed or registered as required under the relevant regulations.

• An employer must not allow the person to work unless the person has the required training, qualification, permits or supervision.

S40,41&42

Penalties

Companies Individuals

• 5 years jail

• maximum $991,080 • maximum $198,216

The value of a penalty unit is $110.12July 2007

Workplace Consultation and Workplace Representation

(Duties to consult commenced January 2006)

ConsultationEmployer must

Consult employees on OHS matters that directly affect them especially for:

S35&36

• Health monitoring

• Workplace environmental monitoring

• Providing information and training

• Membership of any health and safety committee

• Proposed changes – workplace, plant, substances, other things, conduct of work performed

Consultation Employer must

Consult employees on OHS matters that directly affect them especially when:

S35&36

• Identifying or assessing hazards and risks

• Making decisions about control measures

• Making decisions about the adequacy of facilities

• Issue resolution procedures

• Consultation procedures

Issue Resolution and Roles of Inspectors

Workplace Issue Resolution Duties of Employers

• employer’s representative

is not a health and safety representative

has an appropriate level of seniority

is sufficiently competent

resolve health and safety issues

S73(2)

Workplace Issue Resolution

Step 1• Employee raises an issue with supervisor and/or health

and safety representative and/or management representative(note that an employee from another DWG can raise an issue with another DWG health and safety representative)

Employer and employees affected by the issue must attempt to resolve the issue

Workplace Issue Resolution

Step 2• Issue is reviewed and is resolved – acceptable

solution is implemented

Step 3• Issue is not resolved – health and safety

representative can issue a PIN

Step 4• Inspector can be called in to resolve the issue

Issue Resolution Flow Chart

Roles and Responsibilities of WorkSafe Inspectors

• Monitor and enforce compliance with OHS legislation

• Provide information and advice to workplace parties

• Assist in resolving OHS issues and disputes

• Investigate incidents and complaints

• Initiate prosecutions, as required

Technology Area

eg. Inspectors may be looking for

• Unsafe machinery

• Storage of hazardous substances

• Storage of materials

• Safe work practices

Inspectors General Powers of Entry

(a) inspect, examine and make enquiries(b) inspect and examine any thing(c) bring any equipment or materials(d) seize any thing (including documents)(e) seize any thing for further testing or examination(f) take photographs and measurements, make

sketches and recordings(g) exercise any other power(h) any other thing that is reasonably necessary

S99

Directions and Notices issued by Inspectors• Directions

Verbal or written Directions if there is an immediate threat to health and safety

• Non-Disturbance Notice Stop use, movement of, interference with any plant, substance or thing

(no more than 7 days)

• Improvement Notice Situation must be remedied by a given date, can include directions and

interim directions and conditions

• Prohibition Notice Prohibits the carrying on of an activity, or the carrying on of the activity

in a specified way

Session 2

Plant Safety

Controlling OHS Hazards & Risks

Hazard

the potential to cause injury, illness or property damage

Hazards

• air borne contaminants• noise• dangerous chemicals or harmful

substances• moving vehicles• manual handling• oil spills• naked flames• operating machinery

Examples of hazards:

Hazard Groups

• Physicalnoise, vibration, lighting, electrical, temperature, radiation, machinery, fire and explosion

• Chemicalgases, dusts, fumes, vapours, liquids

• Ergonomicmanual handling, workplace layout, equipment design, workstation design

• BiologicalInfections, bacteria, viruses

• Psychologicalstress, personal threat

Physical Hazard - Noise

Physical Hazard - Vibration

• Whole body

• Segmental

• White finger

Technology Hazards

• Poor design• Cutting• Crushing• Striking• Protrusions stabbing• Impact• Abrasion friction• Entanglement

CauseDeath and Serious Burns

Prevention• Check power tools and leads• Test and tag• Use qualified electricians• Use Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs)• Use rubber insulation• Establish safe work practices

Physical Hazard - Electric

Physical Hazard - Light

• Australian Standard 1680 – Interior and Workplace Lighting

• Amount of light

• Number and position of lights

• Interior lighting

• Tasks and activities performed

 

Cold Hot21°C 26°C

30°C16°C

Comfort Range

Temperature

Physical HazardSlips, Trips and Falls

• Spills• Cleaning agents• Poor housekeeping• rushing

• Heights• Ladders• Lighting• Floor coverings

Chemical Hazards

• Gases- oxygen, acetylene, nitrogen

• Solids - metals,minerals

• Liquids - acids, alkalis

• Dust - asbestos, wood dust

• Mist - paint spray

• Vapour - petrol

Ergonomic Hazards

Fit the workplace to the worker

NOT the worker to the workplace

• Use mechanical handling devices rather than physical (manual) handling

Ergonomic Hazards

Hazard Identification

• workplace inspections• product information• reports

incident - illness - injury• legislative requirements• employees

personal knowledge experience and observation

• industry/trade associations, unions• consultant reports• health & safety committee minutes

Risk

• Means the likelihood of injury or illness arising from exposure to any hazard

Risk Assessment

• Who is exposed to the hazard?• How often are people near the hazard?• Has this hazard already caused any problems?• How easily could someone be hurt?• How common is it for this hazard to cause problems in other

workplaces?• Which factors relating to that hazard need to be taken into

account, according to health and safety law?• Which factors or specific aspects of the work are increasing

the likelihood of injury or illness?

The following needs to be considered:

Step One - Likelihood

A. Very likely - expected to occur

B. Likely - will probably occur

C. Moderate - might occur

D. Unlikely - could occur

E. Rare - may occur

Step Two - Consequence

1. Insignificant - no injuries

2. Minor - first aid

3. Moderate - medical treatment

4. Major - extensive injuries

5. Catastrophic - death

Step Three – Risk Table

Consequence

Likelihood Insignificant 1

Minor 2

Moderate 3

Major 4

Catastrophic 5

Very likely A H H E E E

Likely B M H H E E

Moderate C L M H E E

Unlikely D L L M H E

Rare E L L M H H

Low risk

High risk

Moderate risk

Extreme risk consider stopping work

should be reduced as soon as possible

management responsibility and action dates must be specified

manage by routine procedures

Hierarchy of Control

• Elimination

• Substitution

• Engineering

• Administrative

• Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment

• No mandatory government approval or inspection of plant

• No mandatory requirement for compliance with the relevant Australian Standards

• Specified duties for designers, manufacturers, importers and suppliers of plant, employers, and the self-employed

What are the key features of the Plant Regulations?

“Performance based” legislation

• Does not specify minute detail

• Sets the standard

• Flexibility in developing solutions

• Code of Practice for Plant 1995

• Australian Standards or equivalent

• Alternative methods

What is plant?

As defined under the OHS Act 2004

• includes any machinery, equipment, appliance, implement and tool

• any component of any of those things; and

• anything fitted, connected or related to any of those things

Plant that processes material, by way of a mechanical action, which –

(1) cuts, drills, punches or grinds the material; or

(2) presses, forms, hammers, joins or moulds the material; or

(3) combines, mixes, sorts, packages, assembles, knits or weaves the material

OHS Regulations 2007 Part 3.5 - Plant

What is plant?

• Plant which relies exclusively on manual power for its operation

• Plant which is designed to be primarily supported by the hand

• Ships, boats or aircraft

• Vehicles designed to be used primarily as a means of transport on public roads or rail

Do not apply to:

OHS Regulations 2007 Part 3.5 - Plant

Employer Duties

1. Plant under their management or control2. Hazard identification and control of risk 3. Information, instruction and training4. Consultation with health and safety representatives5. Review of risk control measures6. Specific risk control duties in relation to:

guarding operator controls and emergency stop warning devices installation, erection and commissioning of plant use of plant and plant not in use records of inspection and maintenance powered mobile plant rollover protection on tractors electrical hazards lift trucks scaffolds lifts

Hierarchy of Controls - Plant

• Elimination• Substitution• Engineering Controls

• design modification• guarding• enclosures• ventilation• automation

• Isolation• Administrative Controls• Personal Protective Equipment

Session 3

Manual Handling

Health and Safety Problems with Manual Handling

physical tiredness

abdominal hernia

impact injury

muscular/joint pain & injury

back injuries

Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004

Compliance Code or Code of Practice for

Manual Handling

Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007

Manual Handling Legislative Framework

Manual Handling

.... any activity requiring the use of force exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain any object.

Musculoskeletal Disorder

…..means an injury, illness or disease that arises in whole or in any part from manual handling in the workplace, whether occurring suddenly or over a prolonged period of time,

but does not include an injury, illness or disease that is caused by crushing, entrapment or cut resulting primarily from the mechanical operation of plant.

The Problem with Manual Handling

Traditional Approach – Safe Lifting Technique

• Assessment mainly for weight and worker capability

• No real long term controls and solutions

• Workers still have to lift objects

• Requires reinforcement and supervision

• Pressure of work affects performance

Require an employer to:

• identify hazardous manual handling activities

• implement controls – to eliminate or reduce the risk associated with those manual handling activities

• Review the risk control measures

OHS Regulations 2007 3.1 Manual Handling

Hazardous Manual Handling

• repetitive or sustained application of force

• repetitive or sustained awkward posture

• repetitive or sustained movement

• application of high force

• exposure to sustained vibration

• manual handling of live person or animals

• manual handling of unstable or unbalanced loads or loads which are difficult to grasp or hold

Risk controls must consider:

• postures

• movements

• forces

• duration and frequency

• environmental factors

Risk Control

Once a hazardous manual handling task has been assessed, eliminate or reduce the risk by:

• altering the workplace layout• altering the environmental conditions• altering the system of work• changing the objects• using mechanical aids• any mechanical aids• any combination of the above• aroviding information, training and instruction (if the above are not

practicable)

Session 4

Noise

Introduction

• High Noise Levels can lead to Industrial deafness Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) Disturbance Immediate damage with very high levels

Noise induced hearing loss is preventable

Noise Exposure Standard

Noise Induced Hearing Loss

• Due to damaged nerve cells in the cochlea.

• Caused by prolonged exposure to loud noises.

• It can be temporary or permanent. Temporary hearing loss will return after 4 to 20 hours rest.

• Noise induced hearing loss is usually slow, painless and permanent.

It cannot be cured. It can be prevented.

Hierarchy of Control - Noise

• Elimination• Substitution• Engineering Controls

isolation by enclosures, barriers or vibration isolation mountings any other physical control to reduce noise generation or

transmission• Administrative Controls

increasing distance from the source limiting entry reducing duration to noise exposure other systems of work to reduce noise exposure

• PPE

Hearing Protection

SLC80 SystemNoise at the workers ear dB(A)

= Measured noise level - SLC80 of PPE

Class System

Class SLC80dB For use in noise

1 10-13 Less than 90dB(A)

2 14-17 90 to less than 95dB(A)

3 18-21 95 to less than 100dB(A)

4 22-25 100 to less than 105dB(A)

5 26 or greater 105 to less than 110dB(A)

Session 5

Hazardous Substances

Hazardous Substances

Can be:

• Chemicals

• Dusts

• Biological Hazards

• Radiation

Health Effects

• Very Toxic

• Toxic

• Harmful

Hazardous Substances

Corrosivecapable of causing damage to living tissue

Irritantmay cause inflammation or irritation to skin, eye or other tissue

Sensitising may cause specific respiratory hypersensitivity or contact dermatitis

Health Effects

Hazardous Substances

Health Effects

Carcinogenic capable of causing cancer

Mutageniccapable of causing a change in genetic material in cells (mutation)

Teratogeniccapable of causing abnormalities in a developing foetus (birth defects)

Hazardous Substances

Chemical Labels

• Chemical name• Active constituents• Directions for use• Limitations on use• Storage and disposal• Safety directions and first aid• Condition of sale, manufacturer’s name and address• Batch number and expiry date• United Nations number• Dangerous Goods diamonds

Material Safety Data Sheets New Format

9. Physical and chemical properties

10. Stability and reactivity

11. Toxicological information

12. Ecological information

13. Disposal considerations

14. Transport information

15. Regulatory information

16. Other information

1. Identification of material and supplier

2. Composition/information on ingredients

3. Hazards identification

4. First-aid measures

5. Fire fighting measures

6. Accidental release measures

7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure controls and personal protection

Hazardous Substances Information

Read the label

Read the Material Safety Data Sheet

Find out what the material is before you start working

Dangerous Goods Diamonds

Dangerous Goods Diamonds

Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods Summary

Hazardous Substances Dangerous Goods

Current MSDS at point of use Current MSDS at point of use

All containers to be labelled (except if cleaned immediately)

All containers to be labelled including Dangerous Goods diamonds

Hazardous Substance Register Dangerous Goods Manifest

Risk Assessments on use (health effects) Risk assessment on physical and chemical properties, use, handling, storage and disposal

Risk to be controlled Physical and chemical risks to be controlled

Placarding – depending on the quantity (Schedule 2)

Action Planning

What things can I do to improve

health and safety?