Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agrícola · Orange production in Costa Rica. Area:...

Predators attacking Diaphorina citri in citrus plantation in Costa Rica.

Hernán Camacho V.

Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agrícola

COSTA RICA.Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agrícola

Biodiversity in Costa Rica


Orange production in Costa Rica.

Area:

• 26000 Ha. in Costa Rica.

• 4.5 million of trees (20 000 Ha. in monoculture.


Huetar Region in the North of the Country.75 % of the citrus plantations.


Citrus area.

Tico Frut Citrus Plantations.15153 Ha..


Orange production in Tico Frut.Departamento de Investigación y

Planificación Agrícola

Industrial “Plant”.Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agrícola

60%

Diaphorina citri in Costa Rica.


Coccinelidae in Costa Rica.• Sticholotidinae: Cephaloscymnus, Delphastus, Prodilis,

Scotoscymnus...

• Coccidulinae: Azya, Chnoodes, Dioria, Exoplectra...

• Scymninae: Brachycantha, Cryptognatha, Cryptolaemus, Diazonema, Eupalea,Hyperaspidius, Hyperaspis, Ortalistes, Pentilia, Poria, Scymnus, Stethorus, Thalassa...

• Chilocorinae: Chilocorus, Curinus, Exochomus.

• Coccinellinae: Coccinella, Coleomegilla, Cycloneda, Halyzia, Hippodamia, Mulsantina, Neda, Neohalyzia, Olla, Seladia...

• Epilachninae: Epilachna.

Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agcola

Ladybirds species in Tico Frut.Departamento de Investigación y

Planificación Agrícola

Cycloneda sanguinea Scymus spp Chilochorus stigma

Exochomus spp Olla v-nigrum Larvae Olla v-nigrum

http://www.entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/lady_beetles17.htm�

Lacewings Neuroptera: Chrysopidae.

Foto BitkiKoruma.wordpress.com


Lacewings. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)



HoverfliesDiptera: Syrphidae: Ocyptamus sp.

Biological strategies to Diaphorina citriin Tico Frut.

• Mass rears and releases Tamarixia radiata.

• Augmentative Biological Control to lacewings.

• Manipulative biological control to ladybirds.

• Entomopathogen fungus (?).


Pathogens.

• Hirsutela.

• Tricoderma.

• Isaria.

• Bauveria.


Diaphorina citri Lab.Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agrícola

Diaphorina citri eggs.


Cage to rear Tamarixia radiata.


A psilid nimph with Tamarixia radiata parasitoided.


Biological control of psilid to get better fruits.



Thank you.

Augmentative Biological Control.


“This begins with the recognition that natural enemies in a given pestsituation are present but too few to do the job required, and buying morefrom a commercial producer to release to augment those already present.

A risk is that if adult insects are released, many of them may fly away. But,if predator larvae are released, they have the option of eating the pestwith which they are presented, or starving – they cannot fly away.

Obviously, this requires matching the pest to a purchased predatorspecies that will eat that pest. The rub here is that the number ofpurchased predator needed for a given pest situation may not have beenworked out in detail -- it demands a huge amount of practical experienceto tie down the details for at least hundreds of situations. Documentationof this experience is progressing very slowly”.Howard J. F. and R. F. Mizell, University of Florida.

Manipulative biological control for ladybirds.


It is a type of biological control is of which asubset is conservation biological control.

The objectives are simply to capitalize on theladybirds (or other beneficial organisms) thatalready are present, to make conditions asfavorable as possible for them (manipulation),and especially to avoid spraying chemicals(insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides) thatwill harm them (conservation).

Howard J. F. and R. F. Mizell, University of Florida. Urena lobata.

Departamento de Investigación y Planificación Agrícola · Orange production in Costa Rica. Area:...

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