Dents Cracks & Gouges
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Transcript of Dents Cracks & Gouges
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of
Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Presented To
Mr. P. K. Bahl
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Presented By
V. AnandAbhishek Singh
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Scope of the Presentation
This presentation will give us a basic idea on
• Definitions of Dents, Cracks and Gouges
• Measurement & Assessment Methods
• Repairing Techniques
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
DefinitionsDent
A local depression in the pipe surface caused by mechanical damage that produces a gross disturbance in the curvature of the pipe without reduction in the pipe wall thickness.
CrackTo break without complete separation of parts; fissure
GougeLocal damage caused by mechanical or forceful removal of metal from a local
area on the surface of the pipe that may work harden the pipe and make it more susceptible to cracking.
.
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Dents – Pics
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Cracks – Pics
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Gouges – Pics
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
GOUGE AND DENT WITH AN ASSOCIATED CRACK.
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Dents – Caused by
Third Party Improper Trench Bed Preparation (presence of rocks) Improper BackfillingEarth Movements Improper Handling of Pipes
Gouges – Caused by
Third Party Improper Handling of Pipe
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Cracks - Types
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Scratches and Gouges on pipes must be measured to determine how much material has been removed, and thus, how much of the wall is remaining. Depth micrometers and other mechanical devices cannot provide meaningful measurements because of the contour of the surfaces and the small features that have to be measured. Optical Micrometers also are used to measure dents and gouges along with Laser Gauges.
Dents and Gouges – Assessment & Measurement
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
*Shown: Optical Micrometer Kit (Model 966A1) –Includes 5x and 10x interchangeable optics, 20x eyepiece cell, reticule eyepiece cell; five additional bases, micrometer light, adjustable light bracket and case.
Laser Gauge
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Laser Gauge
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
The depth (Min) of a scratch is measured from its deepest point relative to a line-fit of the two adjacent surfaces. Material pushed out of the scratch and creating a surface point above the line-fit is also measured (Max).
Edges of the scratch are determined using an edge tolerance provided by the operator and the width is measured between the two edges. Reflectivity problems may occur with scratches narrower than 0.020".
The Laser Gauge algorithm automatically calculates the depth and width of the feature relative to a line-fit of the adjacent surfaces. Adjacent surfaces can be flat or curved. Material that has been pushed up above the original surface can also be measured.
Measurement Using Laser Gauge
Gouge Measurement
Scratch Measurement
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Inline Inspection –
PIGS – In Measuring and Assessment
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Intelligent Inspection Pigs are of mainly two types
1) Ultrasonic Type
2) Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
a) Longitudinal b) Transverse
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Magnetic field is induced in specimen
•Field must be strong enough to saturate the specimen.
•Flaw locally disrupts flux lines causing “leakage” of magnetic flux out of the specimen.
MFL - LEAKAGE
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Field Orientation and Flaw Detection
Longitudinal field
–Parallel to axis of part
Circular (transverse) field–Circumferentially to axis
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Flaw orientation in MFL•Magnetic field vs defect orientation plays an important part in flaw detection
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Data Collection
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Intelligent Pig - Ultrasonic Type
To Measure Wall Thickness
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Crack Detection
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
ILI Output on a Software Application
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
ILI Output on a Software Application
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Disadvantages of MFLSizing accuracies have wide tolerances–Depth +/-10%, with an 80% confidence level–Length +/-05”, with an 80% confidence level
Advantages of MFL •Most robust technology for inspecting pipelines •Can be used in gas or liquid pipelines •Can see other metallic objects close to the pipe
such as casings, other pipelines and trench trash
04/08/2023 MPEG711 - Defect Assessment/Maintenance in Pipelines -I
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Ultrasonic Advantages
•Direct measurement of wall thickness •Metal loss quantification is more accurate than MFL •Detects “mid-wall”anomalies such as laminations
Ultrasonic Disadvantages
•Requires Liquid medium •Very clean line
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Assessment of Dents, Cracks & Gouges
Thank You !