Metallic RestorationsMetallic Restorations

Student: Student: Alonso Martinez TapiaAlonso Martinez TapiaStudent: Student:

Dr. Alfredo Dr. Alfredo NevarezNevarez RasconRascon

M E T A L SM E T A L SM E T A L SM E T A L S

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

“Chemical substance that “Chemical substance that is a good electrical and is a good electrical and

thermal conductor, thermal conductor, when is polished is a when is polished is a when is polished is a when is polished is a

good reflector “good reflector “

FEATURESFEATURES

�� SHINESHINE

�� RESISTANCE TO CORROSIONRESISTANCE TO CORROSION

�� THERMAL AND ELECTRICALTHERMAL AND ELECTRICAL

CONDUCTORCONDUCTORCONDUCTORCONDUCTOR

�� STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY

�� DRIVE RESISTANCEDRIVE RESISTANCE

�� ALLOYALLOY :: ThisThis areare unionsunions ofof 22 oror moremoremetallicmetallic elementselements..

In Dentistry, alloys are use In Dentistry, alloys are use

except for:except for:

•• pure gold laminatedpure gold laminated•• pure gold laminatedpure gold laminated

•• commercial pure titanium commercial pure titanium

•• Silver points for endodonticSilver points for endodontic

CHANGES IN THE METAL STRUCTURE

� lackluster : Loss of gloss or sheen in a alloy ormetal surface.

� Pigmentation : Partial impariment on metalsurface, or color change.

� CORROSION : Actual deterioration on metalsurface.

• FACTORS CAUSING CORROSION– pH of the saliva.– Wrong adapted prosthesis.– Poor dental position.– Deposits of food.– Poor hygiene.– Poor hygiene.– Food that release certain chemical

components.– Drugs.– Fluctuations in temperature.

ALLOYS USED IN DENTISTRYALLOYS USED IN DENTISTRY

Highly noble alloys (precious)Highly noble alloys (precious)Highly noble alloys (precious)Highly noble alloys (precious)Alloys of noble metalsAlloys of noble metalsPredominantly base alloysPredominantly base alloys

PRECIOUS METALSPRECIOUS METALS

CorrosionCorrosion resistanceresistance in in thethe oral oral cavitycavity: : GoldGold, , PlatinumPlatinum, , PalladiumPalladium, , RhodiumRhodium, , RutheniumRuthenium, , IridiumIridium, , OsmiumOsmium and and SilverSilver..

ThereThere are are fourfour mainmain metalsmetals : : GoldGold, , PalladiumPalladium, , PlatinumPlatinum and and SilverSilver..

CastCast Metal Metal OrOr DrainDrain

Process for the Process for the constuctionconstuction of a of a restoration or appliance out for the restoration or appliance out for the previously made a mouth waxed or previously made a mouth waxed or previously made a mouth waxed or previously made a mouth waxed or patternpattern..

CAST ALLOYS FOR HIGHLY NOBLECAST ALLOYS FOR HIGHLY NOBLE

CompositionComposition::

1.1. GoldGold:: malleability,malleability, resistanceresistance totocorrosioncorrosion..

2.2. SilverSilver:: HardnessHardness

3.3. ZincZinc:: decreasesdecreases TT fusionfusion

PlatinumPlatinum oror PalladiumPalladium:: HardnessHardness4.4. PlatinumPlatinum oror PalladiumPalladium:: HardnessHardness

5.5. CopperCopper:: resistanceresistance andand

bactericidalbactericidal

NotaNota:: thethe whitewhite goldgold castingcasting whitwhit lessless goldgoldandand coppercopper areare notnot..

TIPOS DE OROS PARA COLADOSTIPOS DE OROS PARA COLADOS

�� Type I (SOFT GOLD)Type I (SOFT GOLD)

For the construction of scale in class III y VFor the construction of scale in class III y V

�� Type II (MEDIUM GOLD)Type II (MEDIUM GOLD)

For all types of deposits, plus For all types of deposits, plus ¾ crowns and ¾ crowns and completecomplete

�� Type III (HARD GOLD)Type III (HARD GOLD)

For small fixed bridges and removableFor small fixed bridges and removable

�� Type IV ( GOLD EXTRA HARD)Type IV ( GOLD EXTRA HARD)

For large fixed bridges and removable palatal For large fixed bridges and removable palatal bars and lingualbars and lingual

NOBLE METAL ALLOYSNOBLE METAL ALLOYS

(Semiprecious)(Semiprecious)

�� 25% of noble metals, does not require gold:25% of noble metals, does not require gold:

�� Silver Silver -- PalladiumPalladium

�� Palladium Palladium -- SilverSilver

�� Silver Silver -- TinTin

SILVERSILVER--

PALLADIUM PALLADIUM

ALLOYSALLOYS

(Ag(Ag--Pd)Pd)(Ag(Ag--Pd)Pd)

��DDevelopedeveloped as as anan alternativealternative toto thosethose basedbasedonon goldgold. . ThereThere are are twotwo varietiesvarieties::

��SilverSilver 6060--70% 70% PalladiumPalladium 2525--30%30%

Note:Note: SomeSome containecontaine 10% 10% coppercopper..

��PalladiumPalladium 60% 60% SilverSilver 30%30%

Note:Note: El 10% of El 10% of otherother metalsmetals toto failitatefailitatebondingbonding withwith porcelainporcelain..

CHEMICAL PROPERTIESCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

�� PigmentationPigmentation and and resistanceresistance toto corrosioncorrosion

properlyproperly handledhandled. .

Note:Note: ItIt isis possiblepossible toto achieveachieve adequateadequateNote:Note: ItIt isis possiblepossible toto achieveachieve adequateadequate

accuracyaccuracy casting and a casting and a goodgood polishingpolishing and and

acceptableacceptable weldswelds..

CLINICAL CLINICAL

APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

��ScaleScale

��CrownsCrowns

��FixedFixed partialpartial

DentureDenture

EndopostesEndopostes

PALLADIUMPALLADIUM--

SILVER ALLOYSILVER ALLOYSILVER ALLOYSILVER ALLOY

(Pd(Pd--Ag)Ag)

TheyThey are are anan alternativealternative

toto goldgold alloyalloy forfortoto goldgold alloyalloy forfor

ceramicsceramics..

ThisThis are are alloysalloys of of highhigh meltingmelting

pointpoint and and whichwhich supportsupport thethe

firingfiring of of ceramicsceramics of of porcelainporcelain..

(1400(1400°°C)C)(1400(1400°°C)C)

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

��GoodGood physicalphysical propertiesproperties and and bondingbondingwithwith ceramicsceramics..

��BiocompatibBiocompatiblele

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

��TheThe likelylikely changechange in color of in color of

porcelainporcelain bakedbaked..porcelainporcelain bakedbaked..

��ExpensiveExpensive

SILVERSILVER--TIN TIN

ALLOYALLOYALLOYALLOY

(Ag(Ag--Sn)Sn)

TheseThese alloysalloys havehave beenbeen usedused forfor decadesdecades in in

dentistrydentistry toto makemake depositsdeposits, , notnot beingbeing

suitablesuitable forfor prostheticprosthetic purposespurposes..

INDICATIONS:INDICATIONS:INDICATIONS:INDICATIONS:

TemporaryTemporary inlaysinlays..

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

��CheapCheap

��EasyEasy handlinghandling��EasyEasy handlinghandling

��PoorPoor precisionprecision castingcasting

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES��FragileFragile marginal marginal edgesedges

��PigmentationPigmentation

��Can Can notnot bebe weldedwelded

��SlightSlight corrosioncorrosion resistanceresistance

��AfterAfter a short a short clinicalclinical use and use and eveneven

beforebefore cementedcemented in in thethe mouthmouth havehave

lostlost shineshine and and laterlater changedchanged toto darkdark

BASE METALSBASE METALS

�� TheseThese are noble are noble elementselements..

�� IsIs thethe so so calledcalled becausebecause itit reactsreacts withwith thethe�� IsIs thethe so so calledcalled becausebecause itit reactsreacts withwith thethe

environmentenvironment and are use and are use toto protectprotect anan

alloyalloy againstagainst corrosioncorrosion byby passivitypassivity..

COBALTCOBALT--

CHROMIUM CHROMIUM

ALLOYSALLOYSALLOYSALLOYS

(Co(Co--Cr)Cr)

FEATURESFEATURES

HighHigh hardenesshardeness

GoodGood glossgloss

MechanicalMechanical strengthstrength

ResistanceResistance toto corrosioncorrosion

y corrosióny corrosión

CheapCheap

CLINICAL CLINICAL

APPLICATIONAPPLICATIONDevelopmentDevelopment of of

bases in bases in

removableremovableremovableremovable

denturesdentures..

BasisBasis of of denturesdentures

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

FormForm of granulesof granules

IngotsIngots

TRADE NAMESTRADE NAMESTRADE NAMESTRADE NAMES

�� VitaliumVitalium (Co(Co--Cr)Cr)

�� TiconiumTiconium (Ni(Ni--Cr)Cr)

�� DentilliumDentillium ((FFee--Cr)Cr)

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

CheapCheap

VeryVery lightlightVeryVery lightlight

More durable More durable adjustingadjusting hookshooks..

DISADVANTAGES

Excessive hardness

Minor casting accuracy

Complicated heat treatment

WeldsWelds

WeldsWelds

WELDINGWELDING : Intermediate : Intermediate element that is used to element that is used to join metallic surfaces join metallic surfaces each other.each other.

It’s a technique for join 2It’s a technique for join 2It’s a technique for join 2It’s a technique for join 2Or more metal elements,Or more metal elements,Rebuild or repair a metal Rebuild or repair a metal

surfacesurface..

REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS

Free Free toxictoxic substancesubstanceResistantResistantFlowFlowSimilar colorSimilar colorSimilar colorSimilar colorLowerLower temperaturetemperature of of

•• fusionfusionCorrosionCorrosion resitantresitant

TECNICAS PARA SOLDARTECNICAS PARA SOLDAR

1.1. TECHNICAL COMMTECHNICAL COMM : Requires the use : Requires the use of an intermediate (welding).of an intermediate (welding).

2.2. WELD TECHNICALWELD TECHNICAL : Application of heat : Application of heat 2.2. WELD TECHNICALWELD TECHNICAL : Application of heat : Application of heat to melt the two metal surfaces.to melt the two metal surfaces.

3.3. ELECTRICAL TECHNICALELECTRICAL TECHNICAL : Application : Application of electric currentof electric current--tap to join metallic tap to join metallic surfacessurfaces..

FLUXFLUXFacilitateFacilitate thethe flowflow of of weldingwelding,,

EliminatingEliminating impuritiesimpurities..TheyThey come in come in powderpowder and pasteand pasteCompositionComposition of flux of flux forfor alloysalloys withwithchromiumchromium ::

pottasiumpottasium fluoridefluoride, , boricboric acidacid, , boraxborax glassglass, , and and sodiumsodium carbonate carbonate oror silicasilica. And . And forforgoldgold alloysalloys: : BoraxBorax powderpowder, , boricboric acidacid and and silicasilica..