DENTIFRICES

BY:KANAGES SEELAN

CONTENTS DEFINATION TYPES FORMS FUNCTIONS APPLICATION COMPOSITION ADVERSE EFFECT RECENT DEVELOPMENT REFERENCE

DEFINATION

According to American Dental Association Council on Dental

Therapeutics:

“ A dentifrices is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of

cleaning the accessible surface of the teeth”

Webster described the term Dentifrices as derived from

Dens (tooth ) and fricare ( to rub )

TYPES1. Cosmetic Dentifrices It must clean and polish teeth

2. Therapeutic Dentifrices Must reduce some disease process ( caries, gingivitis, calculus,

sensitivity) in mouth

FORMS

PASTES

TOOTH POWDER

GELS

FUNCTIONS

The functions of toothpaste in conjunction with

tooth brushing are:

Minimizing plaque build up Anti-caries action Removal of stains Mouth freshner

APPLICATION Amount of toothpaste or gel needed for

effective cleaning is per sized dab on the top half of the toothbrush

Dentifrice should preferably dispersed in between bristles rather than on the tips

Children under 6 years of age should only be given half the amount of dentifrice as compared to that of an adult

COMPOSITION

AGENTS MATERIAL USED FUNCTIONS1.Polishing/Abrasives Calcium carbonate These

agents have a mild agents Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate abrasive

action, which aids Alumina in

eliminating plaque Silica and

removing stains from tooth

surface.

2.Binding/Thickening Water soluble agents Agents which controls

agents a. Alginates stability and consistency

b. Sodium carboxymethyl celluose of a tooth paste.

Water insoluble a. Magnesium aluminium silicate b.Colloidal silica c.Sodium magnesium silicate

3. Detergent/Surfactans Sodium lauryl surface Produce the foam which

aids in the removal of food

debris and also despersion

of product within mouth.

4. Humectants Sorbitol Aids in reducing loss of

Glycerin moisture from toothpaste.

Polyethylene glycol

5. Flavouring agents Peppermint oil They render the product Spearmint oil pleasant to use and leaves Oil of wintergreen a fresh taste in mouth after use.

6. Sweeteners and Saccharin Sweetener Coloring agents

7. Antibacterial agents Ticlosan Delmopinol Metallic ions Zinc citrase trihydrate

8. Anticalculus agents Pyrophosphate Anticalculus agents are Zinc citrate mostly designed to inhibit Zinc chloride the mineralization of plaque. Gantrez acid(copolymer They are also known as of methyl vinyl ether and maleic crystal growth inhibitors. anhydride)

9. Anticaries agents Sodium monoflurophosphate Sodium flouride Stannous flouride

10. Diesensitizing agents Sodium flouride Potassium nitrate Strontium chloride

ADVERSE EFFECT

1. A single brushing with a full ribbon of paste on a brush head provides about one gram (equivalent 10ml) of toothpaste and will expose an individual to approximately 1mg.F. It is only when substantial, quantities of paste are eaten by children, who may experience the phenomenon of pica that the acute toxicity of flouride dentifrices must be considered.

2. Detergents and flavouring oils in dentifrices, however irritate the stomach when ingested in large amounts and cause vomiting. Also abrasives may interfere with complete intestinal absorption of flouride from toothpaste. Thus a child is unlikely to receive a highly toxic amount of flouride from eating a family sized tube of dentifrice. The Food and Drug Administation advisory review panel on over the counter(OTC) anticaries drugs has recommended that flouride content of dentifrice containers be limited to 260mg of flouride.

Therefore, parents should make sure a pea sized portion of flouride paste is on the child’s toothbrush and remind the child to rinse and spit.

RECENT DEVELOPMENT

Toothpaste for children

Natural toothpaste( Herbal toothpaste )

Whitening toothpaste ( as it contains highly abrasive silica particles not recommended for regular use )

REFERENCE

1. Essentials of Preventive Community Dentistry

( Public Health Dentistry) 4th edition Soben Peter2. www.google.com3. www.wikipedia.com