Democratic Values in Planning
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Transcript of Democratic Values in Planning
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VALUES FOR PLANNING
prepared by Roberto Rocco SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGY, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Delft University ofTechnology UURBAN
ISM SPS
spatialplanning&strategy
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DEMOCRATIC VALUESLET’S EXPLORE
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Liberty leading the people,Eugène Delacroix (1830)
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is not an empty slogan
rooted in a philosophical and scientific revolution
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RATIONALITYthe first system of government that was
manifestly based on principles of rationality
(not divine intervention)
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Light emanates from TRUTH (the central figure), helped by
SCIENCE and PHILOSOPHY on the
right
(this is the cover of l’Encyplopédie)
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LIBERTYFRATERNITY
EQUALITY
emphasised by the rightemphasised by the leftindividualcommunity
The promotion of justice
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NEGATIVE RIGHTSPOSITIVE RIGHTS
EQUALITY
the right to be free from something
(individual)
the right to something (societal)
The promotion of balance
FRATERNITY LIBERTY
These rights are NOT
ABSOLUTE RIGHTS
but are exclusive (albeit complementary)!
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MY PLOT!
LIBERTY? What liberty can
you have if you are not in society?
Here, I own a plot in the middle of the
desert. I can build whatever I want on it, but what is the
value of this?
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DinoVabec NYC to LA
MY PLOT!
SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PROPERTY
LIBERTY? How much
liberty can you have when you live in society?
Here, I can’t build whatever I want, but my plot is close to infrastructure, public space,
other buildings. I can enjoy
public goods!
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PUBLIC GOODSA PUBLIC GOOD IS A PRODUCT THAT ONE
INDIVIDUAL CAN CONSUME WITHOUT REDUCING ITS AVAILABILITY TO ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL, AND FROM WHICH NO ONE IS
EXCLUDED.
ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS
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PUBLIC GOODS ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS AS
“NON-RIVALROUS" AND “NON-EXCLUDABLE."
NATIONAL DEFENCE, SEWER SYSTEMS, PUBLIC PARKS AND OTHER BASIC SOCIETAL
GOODS CAN ALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC GOODS.
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SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.URBANCAPTURE.COM/20130819-AERIAL-DOWNTOWN-THE-HAGUE-THE-NETHERLANDS/?DOING_WP_CRON=1486758418.4101200103759765625000
PUBLIC GOODS The city of The Hague in the
Netherlands offers many public goods to its
inhabitants:
clean air
safety
excellent mobility
heathy environments
green spaces
etc.
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INDIVIDUALCOMMUNITY
PROMOTION OF BALANCE
the private sectorcivil society
FRATERNITY LIBERTY
EQUALITY
the public sector
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PRIVATE SECTORCIVIL SOCIETY
PUBLIC SECTORGOVERNANCE
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INFORMAL INSTITUTIONSTHE RULE OF LAW
ENTERPRISES (THE PRIVATE SECTOR)
GOVERNMENT (THE PUBLIC SECTOR)
COMMUNITY (CIVIL SOCIETY)
The rule of law are the formal institutions that regulate the relationships between public sector, private sector and civil society.
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Informal institutions are related to culture, values, practices, inherited worldviews, etc that influence the way in which formal institutions
work.
Some informal institutions can be quite negative, such as corruption, nepotism,
patronage. Other are very positive: values of respect, openness, tolerance, etc
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So? What is the role of planning, and of planners in
democratic societies?
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Crick, B. 2002. Democracy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Currie, D. 1986. Positive and Negative Constitutional Rights. The University of Chicago Law Review, 53(3), 864-890
Dietz, T., et al. 2003. "The Struggle to Govern the Commons." Science 302(5652): 1907-1912.
Munck, G. and J. Verkuilen 2002. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices." Comparative Political Studies 35(1): 5-34.
Stiglitz, J. 2000. Formal and Informal Institutions. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin. Washington DC, World Bank: 59-70.
References
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