Democratic-Democratic-Republican Republican

Dominance and Dominance and Westward Westward ExpansionExpansion

What political party What political party dominated American dominated American

politics in the early 1800’s?politics in the early 1800’s?

• Democratic-Democratic-Republican PartyRepublican Party

What factors caused the What factors caused the United States to expand its United States to expand its

territory to the Pacific Ocean territory to the Pacific Ocean before the Civil War?before the Civil War?

• Economic and strategic Economic and strategic (military defense) interests(military defense) interests

• ““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”

What territory did the United What territory did the United States purchase during States purchase during Jefferson’s presidency?Jefferson’s presidency?

• LouisianaLouisiana

From what country did From what country did President Jefferson President Jefferson

purchase the purchase the Louisiana Territory?Louisiana Territory?

•FranceFrance

Who did President Who did President Jefferson send to explore Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory?the Louisiana Territory?

• Meriwether Lewis Meriwether Lewis • William ClarkWilliam Clark

How did the Louisiana How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size Territory affect the size of the United States?of the United States?

•Doubled itDoubled it

Who served as guide Who served as guide of the Lewis and Clark of the Lewis and Clark

expedition?expedition?

•SacajaweaSacajawea

What two countries What two countries fought in the fought in the War of 1812?War of 1812?

• United StatesUnited States

• Great BritainGreat Britain

Who was president Who was president during the during the

War of 1812?War of 1812?

•James MadisonJames Madison

Why did France and Great Why did France and Great Britain interfere with Britain interfere with

American trade during the American trade during the Napoleonic War?Napoleonic War?

• Neither country wanted its Neither country wanted its enemy to trade with the enemy to trade with the United States during the war.United States during the war.

Define impressment.Define impressment.

• The practice of The practice of drafting sailors by drafting sailors by forceforce

Why did the British navy stop Why did the British navy stop and board American ships and board American ships

and impress American and impress American sailors?sailors?

• The British navy The British navy needed sailors to fight needed sailors to fight against the French.against the French.

How did the Jefferson How did the Jefferson administration respond administration respond to British impressment to British impressment of American sailors?of American sailors?

• Passed the Embargo Passed the Embargo ActAct

What does What does embargo mean?embargo mean?

•Refuse to tradeRefuse to trade

What were two provisions What were two provisions of the Embargo Act?of the Embargo Act?

• 1) No American ship could 1) No American ship could leave an American port to go to leave an American port to go to a foreign port.a foreign port.

• 2) No foreign ship could load a 2) No foreign ship could load a cargo at an American city.cargo at an American city.

What American region was What American region was hurt by the Embargo Act hurt by the Embargo Act and why was this true?and why was this true?

• The New England statesThe New England states

• The New England The New England economy depended on economy depended on shipping and trade.shipping and trade.

Which political party Which political party opposed the opposed the

Embargo Act?Embargo Act?

•The FederalistsThe Federalists

Which state governments Which state governments threatened to nullify the threatened to nullify the

Embargo Act?Embargo Act?

• New England statesNew England states

What does it mean to What does it mean to nullify a law?nullify a law?

• Void it Void it

• Wipe it outWipe it out

What did President What did President James Madison do with James Madison do with

the Embargo Act?the Embargo Act?

• Replaced it with the Replaced it with the Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act

What did the What did the Non-Intercourse Act Non-Intercourse Act

do?do?

• Made trade with Great Made trade with Great Britain and France illegalBritain and France illegal

Why did the Why did the Non-Intercourse Act Non-Intercourse Act

fail?fail?• British navy impressed British navy impressed

American sailorsAmerican sailors

• British navy interfered with British navy interfered with American shipping rights as a American shipping rights as a neutral nationneutral nation

Why did Western Why did Western congressmen want war congressmen want war

with Great Britain?with Great Britain?

• 1) British interference with 1) British interference with American shippingAmerican shipping

• 2) Western expansionism2) Western expansionism

Who were the Who were the War Hawks?War Hawks?

• Western congressmen Western congressmen who wanted war with who wanted war with Great BritainGreat Britain

What did the War Hawks believe What did the War Hawks believe the British were encouraging on the British were encouraging on

the western frontier of the the western frontier of the United States?United States?

• Indian attacks on American Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the settlers who lived on the western frontierwestern frontier

Who led the Who led the War Hawks?War Hawks?

• Henry ClayHenry Clay

What did the War Hawks What did the War Hawks hope the U.S. would hope the U.S. would gain by winning the gain by winning the

War of 1812?War of 1812?

• More territory in the WestMore territory in the West

• CanadaCanada

What president was What president was responsible for declaring war responsible for declaring war

on Great Britain in 1812?on Great Britain in 1812?

•James MadisonJames Madison

What war lasted What war lasted from 1812 to 1815?from 1812 to 1815?

•The War of 1812The War of 1812

What two countries What two countries fought the War of fought the War of

1812?1812?

•The United StatesThe United States

•Great BritainGreat Britain

What region was against What region was against the War of 1812?the War of 1812?

• New EnglandNew England

What political party was What political party was against the War of 1812?against the War of 1812?

•FederalistsFederalists

How did the Federalists How did the Federalists respond to President respond to President

Madison’s desire to declare Madison’s desire to declare war on Great Britain?war on Great Britain?

The Federalists:The Federalists:

• 1) Opposed the war1) Opposed the war

• 2) Talked about secession2) Talked about secession

• 3) Proposed constitutional 3) Proposed constitutional amendments that were not amendments that were not acted uponacted upon

How did the Federalist Party How did the Federalist Party want to limit the power of want to limit the power of

Congress by constitutional Congress by constitutional amendment?amendment?

• Limit Congress’ power to:Limit Congress’ power to:

1) impose embargoes1) impose embargoes

2) restrict commerce2) restrict commerce

3) make war3) make war

4) admit new states4) admit new states

What was the result of What was the result of Federalist criticism of the Federalist criticism of the

War of 1812?War of 1812?

• The Federalist Party The Federalist Party collapsedcollapsed

• The Federalists stopped The Federalists stopped being an effective political being an effective political party on the national levelparty on the national level

What were two results of the What were two results of the American belief that the U.S. American belief that the U.S.

won the War of 1812?won the War of 1812?

• 1) The U.S. claimed the 1) The U.S. claimed the Oregon territoryOregon territory

• 2) More American settlers 2) More American settlers moved into Floridamoved into Florida

What territory did What territory did the United States the United States acquire in 1819?acquire in 1819?

•FloridaFlorida

From what country From what country did the United States did the United States

acquire Florida?acquire Florida?

•SpainSpain

What two countries What two countries signed the signed the

Adams-Onis Treaty?Adams-Onis Treaty?

• The United StatesThe United States

• SpainSpain

What territory did the What territory did the Adams-Onis Treaty give Adams-Onis Treaty give

the United States?the United States?

• FloridaFlorida

The Adams-Onis TreatyThe Adams-Onis Treaty

What issue did the What issue did the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine

involve?involve?

•Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

What set forth the basic What set forth the basic principles of American principles of American

foreign policy from 1823 foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th until the end of the 19th

century?century?

• The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine

What were the What were the 4 points of the 4 points of the

Monroe Monroe Doctrine?Doctrine?

• No more European colonies in No more European colonies in the Americasthe Americas

• Countries in Western Hemisphere Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in were republics; countries in Europe were monarchiesEurope were monarchies

• If European countries threatened If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then any country in Americas, then they threatened the United Statesthey threatened the United States

• U.S. would stay out of European U.S. would stay out of European affairsaffairs

What continents are What continents are in the Western in the Western Hemisphere?Hemisphere?

•North AmericaNorth America

•South AmericaSouth America

What is a republic?What is a republic?

• A Representative A Representative DemocracyDemocracy

• The People elect The People elect representatives to make representatives to make the lawsthe laws

Who rules in Who rules in monarchies?monarchies?

•Kings and Kings and QueensQueens

What was the What was the mostmost important important point of the point of the

Monroe Doctrine?Monroe Doctrine?

• European countries European countries should stay out of the should stay out of the affairs of the Western affairs of the Western HemisphereHemisphere

What precedent did the What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ?American presidents ?

• American presidents would American presidents would consider it a threat to the consider it a threat to the United States, if European United States, if European countries meddled with countries meddled with countries in the Western countries in the Western HemisphereHemisphere

According to the Monroe According to the Monroe Doctrine, what would the U.S. Doctrine, what would the U.S. use to protect its interests in use to protect its interests in

the Western Hemisphere?the Western Hemisphere?

•Military ForceMilitary Force

What were two trends in What were two trends in American life during the American life during the

first half of the first half of the 19th century?19th century?

• Westward MovementWestward Movement

• Economic Economic DevelopmentDevelopment

Why did Americans move Why did Americans move west during the first half of west during the first half of

the 19the 19thth century? century?

• Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity

• Wanted land, both to own Wanted land, both to own and to farmand to farm

What two transportation What two transportation improvements encouraged improvements encouraged westward movement and westward movement and economic development?economic development?

•CanalsCanals

•RailroadsRailroads

Who invented Who invented the cotton gin?the cotton gin?

•Eli WhitneyEli Whitney

What did the What did the cotton gin do?cotton gin do?

•Separated cotton Separated cotton seeds from the seeds from the cotton fibercotton fiber

What did the cotton gin What did the cotton gin cause to spread cause to spread

throughout the Deep throughout the Deep South?South?

• The “Cotton Kingdom” The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-based on African-American slaveryAmerican slavery

Did the cotton gin Did the cotton gin increase or decrease increase or decrease

the demand for the demand for slaves?slaves?

•IncreasedIncreased

What resulted from What resulted from American immigration American immigration

into Texas?into Texas?

• An armed revolt An armed revolt against Mexican ruleagainst Mexican rule

What happened at What happened at the Battle of the the Battle of the

Alamo?Alamo?

• The Mexican army The Mexican army killed all the men killed all the men defending the Alamo.defending the Alamo.

What later happened What later happened when the Texans when the Texans

defeated the Mexican defeated the Mexican army?army?

• Texas gained its Texas gained its independence from independence from Mexico.Mexico.

What action did the What action did the U.S. eventually take U.S. eventually take in regard to Texas?in regard to Texas?

• AnnexedAnnexed Texas Texas

• Added Texas to the Added Texas to the U.S.U.S.

What idea provided What idea provided political support for political support for

territorial expansion?territorial expansion?

•Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

What was Manifest What was Manifest Destiny?Destiny?

• The belief that it was God’s The belief that it was God’s will for the United States to will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceanthe Pacific Ocean

What war lasted What war lasted from 1846 to 1848?from 1846 to 1848?

•The Mexican WarThe Mexican War

What two countries What two countries fought in the Mexican fought in the Mexican

War?War?

•The United StatesThe United States

•MexicoMexico

Who won the Who won the Mexican War?Mexican War?

•The United The United StatesStates

What was the What was the Mexican Cession?Mexican Cession?

• The territory the United The territory the United States got from Mexico States got from Mexico at the end of the at the end of the Mexican WarMexican War

What present-day What present-day states were part of states were part of

the Mexican the Mexican Cession?Cession?

• CaliforniaCalifornia

• NevadaNevada

• UtahUtah

• ArizonaArizona

• part of Coloradopart of Colorado

• part of New Mexicopart of New Mexico